474 lines
58 KiB
XML
474 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="39415FCDD2F2CB6B668AD6BAB8914C91" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177141" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63defc54-adf0-44bc-9bb8-146eb4697557" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177141" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459851347071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ivie, Michael A. & Schwengel-Regala, Michelle L." docDate="2007" docId="D508072411336F3E7F868CCAA784F9F8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01503p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1503" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Elaphidion mayesae Ivie, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="29317F5C11306F3B7F118C5DA46DFFAA" masterDocTitle="The Elaphidion Audinet-Serville of the Puerto Rican Bank: new species, distributions, taxonomic corrections, and a key to species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698225315936" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="703D924D4F50FC0D76C23D2A0FAF74B0">The Elaphidion Audinet-Serville of the Puerto Rican Bank: new species, distributions, taxonomic corrections, and a key to species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CCAB024315E875BCE148FD171AD885B">Ivie, Michael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90275C2915E775763753DF7C775CDB9F">Schwengel-Regala, Michelle L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AD8951E98F6118DAD575BA76AD8D231C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="30D441D76AAD372B32AC302C7BF70E10">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8BF5C92376079FDBFAC26D418F02F754">
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<mods:date id="2862EA5421F00740B3EF2862F4E04323">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="03715027AA873EE95464B7F67A30D2FE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2BB9B8F3CEEA3C2CBCA08FAEAF0143E8">1503</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0E0B062F59CB8EE180F9605E39531DB4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177141</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CAABC820953CA409B89317DEC937BC46" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D508072411336F3E7F868CCAA784F9F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6241354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6241354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D508072411336F3E7F868CCAA784F9F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D508072411336F3E7F868CCAA784F9F8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911336F387F868CCAA572FF7E" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868CCAA60CFF1B" blockId="3.[151,609,151,212]" box="[151,609,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="0656015E11336F387F868CCAA60CFF1B" bold="true" box="[151,609,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F868CCAA60CFF1B" bold="true" box="[151,609,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387F868CCAA5A9FF1B" ID-CoL="38Z28" authority="Ivie" authorityName="Ivie" box="[151,452,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F868CCAA5E1FF1B" bold="true" box="[151,396,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion mayesae</emphasis>
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Ivie
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="74E6D75B11336F387EC08CCAA60CFF1B" box="[465,609,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868CE7A572FF7E" blockId="3.[151,609,151,212]" box="[151,287,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711336F387F8E8CE7A57BFF7E" box="[159,278,186,212]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId-0="10.[151,269,1399,1423]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox-0="[362,1239,254,1356]" captionTargetBox-1="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[313,1274,194,1375]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Antennae (scale bar = 1 mm). 1. Elaphidion pseudonomon, male; 2. E. pseudonomon, female; 3. E. mayesae, male from St. Thomas; 4. E. mayesae, female from St. Thomas; 5. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico; 6. E. mayesae, female from Puerto Rico." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/177142/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figs 3–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911336F387F868D57A764FE8B" box="[151,777,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868D57A764FE8B" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,417]" box="[151,777,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7DB1911C11336F387F868D57A764FE8B" box="[151,777,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387F868D57A5EEFE8B" ID-CoL="6DZDL" box="[151,387,266,289]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F868D57A5EEFE8B" box="[151,387,266,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion glabratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[not Fabricius]:
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311336F387D248D57A768FE8B" author="Wolcott" box="[565,773,266,289]" page="338" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="1951">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311336F387D248D57A6A2FE8B" author="Wolcott" box="[565,719,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Wolcott, G. N. (1951) The insects of Puerto Rico. Coleoptera. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 32 [1948], 225 - 416." type="journal article" year="1951">Wolcott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 338
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911336F387F868D77A701FE2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868D77A0C4FECB" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7DB1911C11336F387F868D77A0C4FECB" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387F868D77A634FEEB" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" authority="Ivie, 1985: 312" authorityName="Ivie" authorityPageNumber="312" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,601,298,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F868D77A5C4FEEB" box="[151,425,298,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion pseudonomon</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311336F387EA08D77A634FEEB" author="Ivie" box="[433,601,298,321]" page="312" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311336F387EA08D77A64FFEEB" author="Ivie" box="[433,546,298,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Ivie, M. A. (1985) Nomenclatural notes on West Indian Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="1985">Ivie, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 312
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, in part [Puerto Rican
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<typeStatus id="821A089011336F387C5E8D77A7D8FEEB" box="[847,949,298,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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only]. Monné and
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311336F387B978D77A123FEEB" author="Giesbert" box="[1158,1358,298,321]" page="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311336F387B978D77A145FEEB" author="Giesbert" box="[1158,1320,298,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Monn, M. A., & Giesbert, E. F. (1995) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, xiv + 420 pp." type="book" year="1995">Giesbert, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<quantity id="9A591BD711336F387A228D77A123FEEB" box="[1331,1358,298,321]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3969999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="55.0">55</quantity>
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</treatmentCitation>
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in part [Puerto Rican record only]. Monné and
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311336F387D608D17A743FECB" author="Hovore" box="[625,814,330,353]" page="66" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311336F387D608D17A76AFECB" author="Hovore" box="[625,775,330,353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Monn, M. A. & Hovore, F. T. (2005) Electronic Version. 2005 Checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Western Hemisphere. http: // www. hovore. com / pdf / Electronic _ Checklist _ 2005. pdf. 393 pp. (accessed 20 June 2006)." type="book" year="2005">Hovore, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 66
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, in part [Puerto Rican record only].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868D37A701FE2B" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,417]" box="[151,876,362,385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7DB1911C11336F387F868D37A701FE2B" box="[151,876,362,385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387F868D37A560FE2B" ID-CoL="632QK" box="[151,269,362,385]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F868D37A560FE2B" box="[151,269,362,385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="74E6D75B11336F387E058D37A520FE2B" box="[276,333,362,385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
(Ivie in prep.):
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311336F387EED8D37A705FE2B" author="Lingafelter" box="[508,872,362,385]" page="50" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311336F387EED8D37A72DFE2B" author="Lingafelter" box="[508,832,362,385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Lingafelter, S. W. & Micheli, C. J. (2004) New Species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from Puerto Rico with records and notes for other species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 112, 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="2004">Lingafelter and Micheli, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 50
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911336F387F868DD7A5E7FC66" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868DD7A6A2FE0B" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,417]" box="[151,719,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7DB1911C11336F387F868DD7A6A2FE0B" box="[151,719,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387F868DD7A560FE0B" ID-CoL="632QK" box="[151,269,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F868DD7A560FE0B" box="[151,269,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.:
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311336F387E568DD7A6A6FE0B" author="Chalumeau" box="[327,715,394,417]" page="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311336F387E568DD7A6FBFE0B" author="Chalumeau" box="[327,662,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Chalumeau, F. & Touroult, J. (2005) Le Longicornes des Petites Antilles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Taxonomie, Ethologie, Biogeographie. Pensoft Series Faunistica 51: 241." type="journal article" year="2005">Chalumeau and Touroult, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 103
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387F868D8FA771FCAE" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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Discovery of this species was a real surprise, given the long and extensive study of the insect fauna of St. Thomas,
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<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387FC48DA7A511FDBE" box="[213,380,506,532]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387EA88DA7A625FDBE" box="[441,584,506,532]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="821A089011336F387D9E8DA7A6ACFDBE" box="[655,705,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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series was taken in a light trap located in a dense forest on the north side of St. Thomas, near the top of St. Peter Mountain. This tiny spot is the wettest point on the island, and is the only known
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<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387EB88E17A622FDCE" box="[425,591,586,612]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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locality for three cerambycids also otherwise known only from
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<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387A418E17A4A3FD26" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387FCE8E2FA508FD21" box="[223,357,626,651]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387FCE8E2FA508FD21" box="[223,357,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. mayesae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E658E2FA765FD26" authority="Fisher" authorityName="Fisher" box="[372,776,626,652]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Linsleyonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
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||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387E658E2FA6D5FD21" box="[372,696,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Linsleyonides portoricensis</emphasis>
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||
Fisher
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387C538E2FA165FD26" authority="Dillon and Dillon" authorityName="Dillon and Dillon" box="[834,1288,626,652]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cacostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leonensis">
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||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387C538E2FA043FD21" box="[834,1070,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Cacostola leonensis</emphasis>
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||
Dillon and Dillon
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</taxonomicName>
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, vouchers in WIBF). Very extensive trapping and collecting on other parts of St. Thomas has never yielded
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387A1C8EC7A1F8FD19" box="[1293,1429,666,691]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
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||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387A1C8EC7A1F8FD19" box="[1293,1429,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. mayesae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, although hundreds of
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E8B8E9FA633FD71" box="[410,606,706,731]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387E8B8E9FA633FD71" box="[410,606,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. pseudonomon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been examined from virtually every other part of the island, and from many other islands in the northern
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<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387D618EB7A775FCAE" box="[624,792,746,772]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387FD78F4FA5E7FC66" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
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The populations on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387EBE8F4FA657FC86" box="[431,570,786,812]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
are also limited to wet forests. Specimens of the Puerto Rican population are not included in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011336F387EA98F67A586FCFE" box="[440,491,826,852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, as they differ somewhat from those from St. Thomas (see diagnosis below). All previous Puerto Rican records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387DDC8F3FA7B9FCD1" box="[717,980,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387DDC8F3FA7B9FCD1" box="[717,980,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion glabratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387B058F3FA12EFCD1" box="[1044,1347,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387B058F3FA12EFCD1" box="[1044,1347,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion pseudonomon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost certainly belong here, and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011336F387D148FD7A618FC0E" box="[517,629,906,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
mistakenly included in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387BC78FD7A1F1FC09" box="[1238,1436,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387BC78FD7A1F1FC09" box="[1238,1436,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. pseudonomon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are now placed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911336F3F7FD78F87A52FFD10" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387FD78F87A7C2FAA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387FD78F87A518FC5E" bold="true" box="[198,373,986,1012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">DIAGNOSIS:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E6A8F87A604FC59" box="[379,617,986,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387E6A8F87A604FC59" box="[379,617,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion mayesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is divided into two populations that may eventually be considered sister-species. Extensive attempts to find consistent characters to distinguish them failed, however, and in every case at least one exception could be found. Therefore, they are considered vicariant populations of a single species, probably separated since the rising sea levels after the Pleistocene eustastic minimum divided the islands of the Puerto Rican Bank. Within the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands region,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387B578826A0A6FB3E" box="[1094,1227,1147,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387B578826A0A6FB3E" box="[1094,1227,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. mayesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to the
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387FD388FEA664FB16" box="[194,521,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387FD388FEA536FB16" box="[194,347,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">E. glabratum</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E7988FEA664FB16" box="[360,521,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">pseudonomon</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species pair, but is easily distinguished from them by the fourth antennomere short relative to the third and fifth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711336F387D228897A6F3FB4E" box="[563,670,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[362,1239,254,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[313,1274,194,1375]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Antennae (scale bar = 1 mm). 1. Elaphidion pseudonomon, male; 2. E. pseudonomon, female; 3. E. mayesae, male from St. Thomas; 4. E. mayesae, female from St. Thomas; 5. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico; 6. E. mayesae, female from Puerto Rico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177142/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figs 3–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). They also have the metafemur distinctly spined, rather than the dentiform condition of the
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387EC288AEA775FAA6" box="[467,792,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387EC288AEA607FAA6" box="[467,618,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">E. glabratum</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387D6688AEA775FAA6" box="[631,792,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">pseudonomon</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species pair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387FD78946A580FA56" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387FD78946A5D8FA9E" box="[198,437,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387FD78946A5D8FA9E" box="[198,437,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion mayesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will imperfectly key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387DC28946A0C5FA9E" authority="Cazier and Lacy" authorityName="Cazier and Lacy" box="[723,1192,1306,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahamicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387DC28946A7B3FA9E" box="[723,990,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion bahamicae</emphasis>
|
||
Cazier and Lacy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Gilmour’s (1968) key to West Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E6A891EA590FAF6" box="[379,509,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387E6A891EA590FAF6" box="[379,509,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Elaphidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the shared short fourth antennomere. However, this is more exaggerated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E048936A5D5FA2E" box="[277,440,1387,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahamicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387E048936A5D5FA2E" box="[277,440,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. bahamicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also much narrower-bodied (elytra 3 × as long as width across humeri vs 2.5 × in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387E1589CEA5E0FA06" box="[260,397,1427,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387E1589CEA5E0FA06" box="[260,397,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. mayesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and has the anterolateral pronotal calli black and weakly longitudinally carinaform, rather than concolorous and rounded as in
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387D9B89E6A77AFA7E" box="[650,791,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387D9B89E6A779FA7E" box="[650,788,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">E. mayesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The elytral setae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387B1E89E6A0DDFA7E" box="[1039,1200,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahamicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387B1E89E6A0DDFA7E" box="[1039,1200,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. bahamicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are denser, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111336F387F8689BEA571FA56" box="[151,284,1507,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011336F387F8689BEA571FA56" box="[151,284,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">E. mayesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are patchier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F387FD78A57A17EF896" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">The St. Thomian and Puerto Rican populations differ in overlapping relative characters. When the intact antenna is directed posteriorly, the apex of the main stem of the third antennomere does not reach the basal margin of the pronotum in the typical population, but reaches the base of the elytron in the great majority of Puerto Rican specimens. St. Thomian specimens are, on average, somewhat darker, tending towards a piceous-brown, while the Puerto Rican form is a more classic castaneous. The prosternum between the procoxae and anterior collar is more distinctly transversely rugose in those from St. Thomas, while the Puerto Rican population is usually almost totally smooth. The profemora of the Puerto Rican specimens are more heavily clavate than those from St. Thomas, and the hind femora are more strongly arcuate above.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211336F3F7FD78B17A748FEA8" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The male genitalia of the two populations are highly variable and overlap in form. The range of variation is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711336F387E338B2FA5F4F826" box="[290,409,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figs 7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
. In general, those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211336F387DA38B2FA750F826" box="[690,829,1906,1932]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
tend to be more elongate with the lateral margins of the apical portion of the aedeagus sinuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711336F387D9B8BC7A6A2F81E" box="[650,719,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the distance between the basal and apical notches of the parameres rather long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711336F387EB98B9FA66DF876" box="[424,512,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Those from St. Thomas tend to be shorter and broader, with the lateral margins of the apical portion of the aedeagus straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711346F3F7C1C8CC5A73AFF18" box="[781,855,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the distance between the basal and apical notches of the parameres rather short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711346F3F7D468C9DA6F3FF70" box="[599,670,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, both populations have individuals that exhibit all the forms, and genitalia cannot be used to distinguish them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211346F3F7FD78D4DA52FFD10" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
This situation is complicated by variation that is similar to the major/minor male variation so common in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111346F3F7FD38D65A532FEF8" box="[194,351,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially so in the Puerto Rican population. This variation is exhibited in the punctation of the pronotum and length of the male antenna relative to the total length of the body. Many cerambycid species are characterized by the length of the antenna relative to the body (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311346F3F7CE68DD5A0F4FE08" author="Linsley" box="[1015,1177,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Linsley, E. G. (1963) The Cerambycidae of North America. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerambycinae, tribes Elaphidionini through Rhinotragini. University of California Publications in Entomology, 21, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1963">Linsley 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111346F3F7BCC8DD5A10BFE0B" box="[1245,1382,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011346F3F7BCC8DD5A10BFE0B" box="[1245,1382,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">E. mayesae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the length of the male antenna is quite variable. The antennomere that reaches the apex of the elytron varies in this species from the midpoint on number 8 to the midpoint of antennomere 10. Males with short antennae usually have the pronotum like the female condition, i.e. more heavily punctate and rugose, than those with longer antennae. The carinae of the antennae are more distinct in the longer-antenna specimens, and the relative length of the last antennomere increases out of scale with the total length, so that it varies from shorterthan to longer-than the scape. Interestingly, the shorter-antenna form has relatively stronger spines on the antennomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911346F3E7FD78E9AA69CFEA8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211346F3F7FD78E9AA021FD48" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[198,1100,711,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011346F3F7FD78E9AA5F7FD4B" bold="true" box="[198,410,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">DESCRIPTION:</emphasis>
|
||
With the characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111346F3F7DCD8E95A024FD48" authority="Lingafelter 1998" authorityName="Lingafelter" authorityYear="1998" box="[732,1097,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011346F3F7DCD8E95A733FD4B" box="[732,862,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Elaphidion</emphasis>
|
||
, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311346F3F7C648E95A052FD48" author="Lingafelter" box="[885,1087,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Lingafelter, S. W. (1998) The Genera of Elaphidiini Thomson 1864. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 20, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1998">Lingafelter 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211346F3F7FD78EADA580F980" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
MALE: Elongate subparallel; dark chocolate brown, densely covered with golden recumbent pubescence of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011346F3F7FFA8F45A544FC98" box="[235,297,792,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">types</typeStatus>
|
||
– those arising from distinct punctures and those placed between these punctures. Eye emarginate, encompassing bases of antenna. Antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711346F3F7DDC8F1DA77EFCF0" box="[717,787,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[362,1239,254,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[313,1274,194,1375]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Antennae (scale bar = 1 mm). 1. Elaphidion pseudonomon, male; 2. E. pseudonomon, female; 3. E. mayesae, male from St. Thomas; 4. E. mayesae, female from St. Thomas; 5. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico; 6. E. mayesae, female from Puerto Rico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) variable in relative length, ninth or tenth antennomere reaching elytral apices; third antennomere only rarely reaching base of pronotum; fourth antennomere ½–2/3 length of third, 3–5 spined meso-apically, 6 sometimes apically dentate; spine of third ¾ or more length of fourth; eleventh equal to or shorter than third; 5 or 6–11 weakly carinate externally. Pronotum very slightly wider at base than apex, arcuate laterally; apical margin with narrow submarginal groove, incomplete medially; basal margin with deep, complete, submarginal groove; disk with bare, shining median longitudinal callus, narrowly complete at anterior margin, more broadly complete to posterior margin; disc laterally with pair of calli on shared slight swelling 1/3 distance from apical margin, arranged transversely with mesad callus larger, nearly round, smooth, impunctate, separated from laterad callus by band of appressed transverse setae, laterad callus round to oblique; additional lateral smooth glabrous calli behind anterior pair, reaching basal groove; rest of disc and lateral area punctate, punctures varying from coarse ocellate punctures to fine, simple punctures. Scutellum setose laterally, with bare median line. Elytra only weakly sculptured; raised areas more often rubbed of dense pubescence, leaving a highly variable pattern that often includes a narrow longitudinal band just mesad humerus and a broad area on central disc; each puncture in this rubbed area with a single scale-like seta remaining; apices bispinose, outer spine slightly longer. Prosternum smooth mesally from intercoxal processes to submarginal groove. Profemur only weakly clavate, in frontal view maximum width
|
||
<date id="291F90F211346F3F7F86899DA4D6FA70" box="[151,187,1472,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">2X</date>
|
||
width at distal end of trochanter. Apices of meso and metafemora distinctly spinose, spine narrow, acute, subequal in length to apical width of tibia. Genitalia variable, usually as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711346F3F7B1E89B5A0EDF9A8" box="[1039,1152,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
, but variation extending to 9–10. Length:
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711346F3F7E798A4DA584F980" box="[360,489,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211346F3F7FD78A65A6A6F908" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
FEMALE: Differs from the male in having a slightly broader body, larger diameter pronotal punctation, shorter antennae not surpassing elytral apices, a shorter fourth antennomere and the last antennomere being short and broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711346F3F7E4C8AD5A5ABF908" box="[349,454,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[362,1239,254,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[313,1274,194,1375]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Antennae (scale bar = 1 mm). 1. Elaphidion pseudonomon, male; 2. E. pseudonomon, female; 3. E. mayesae, male from St. Thomas; 4. E. mayesae, female from St. Thomas; 5. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico; 6. E. mayesae, female from Puerto Rico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Figs 4, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length:
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711346F3F7D578AD5A6AAF908" box="[582,711,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211346F3E7FD78AEDA69CFEA8" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
|
||
VARIATION: Members of the Puerto Rican populations exhibit the following variation not seen in typical specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211346F3F7E828A85A62DF958" box="[403,576,1752,1778]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Color reddish-brown. MALE: Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711346F3F7B478A85A0CCF958" box="[1110,1185,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[362,1239,254,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[313,1274,194,1375]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Antennae (scale bar = 1 mm). 1. Elaphidion pseudonomon, male; 2. E. pseudonomon, female; 3. E. mayesae, male from St. Thomas; 4. E. mayesae, female from St. Thomas; 5. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico; 6. E. mayesae, female from Puerto Rico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) variable in relative length, eighth, ninth or tenth antennomere reaching elytral apices; third antennomere reaching base of elytron; fourth antennomere up to 3/4 length of third, 6 spined; eleventh shorter than third. Pronotum with a very slight indication of a rounded angle at midpoint; median longitudinal callus, narrowly complete at anterior margin, more broadly complete to posterior margin; laterad callus longitudinal-obliquely elongate, semi-carinate, sometimes indistinct, sometimes posteriorly connected to mesad callus by narrow band. Elytra weakly depressed along suture in basal ¼ and in apical ½; weakly longitudinally gibbous postero-laterad of scutellum, this raised area reaching suture between sutural depressed areas; narrow depression laterad of this in basal ½; behind humerus very weakly longitudinally raised, joining other raised areas in median portion of elytron. Length:
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711356F3E7FE88CB5A501FEA8" box="[249,364,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. FEMALE. Length:
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711356F3E7D7D8CB5A683FEA8" box="[620,750,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911356F3E7FD78D52A176FE08" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211356F3E7FD78D52A72CFEF8" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7FD78D52A5C5FE83" bold="true" box="[198,424,271,297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">DISTRIBUTION:</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from wet forest on the north side and near the top of St. Peter Mountain, St. Thomas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7E3B8D65A5A2FEF8" box="[298,463,312,338]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and wet forests of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7DBF8D65A750FEF8" box="[686,829,312,338]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211356F3E7FD78D02A176FE08" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7FD78D02A541FED3" bold="true" box="[198,300,351,377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7FD78D02A54AFED3" box="[198,295,351,377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">TYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7E508D3DA5B1FED0" box="[321,476,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
MALE: VIRGIN IS: St. Thomas; Est. St. Peter, ca
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711356F3E7B778D3DA0DBFED0" box="[1126,1206,352,378]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4196" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="ft" value="1450.0">1450ft</quantity>
|
||
; 3-H-4 North Star;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7F868DD5A5C7FE08" box="[151,426,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1983-01-04" valueMax="1983-06-30" valueMin="1983-01-04">04JAN–30 JUNE 1983</date>
|
||
; Carol Mayes, u.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111356F3E7D7F8DD5A6D4FE08" box="[622,697,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" rank="variety" variety="light">v.light</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ WIBF 0 21377 (from WIBF, deposited in NMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911356F3E7F868DEDA7A1FA70" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211356F3E7F868DEDA1F9FE60" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" box="[151,1428,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7F868DEDA553FE60" box="[151,318,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
: 5 MALES, 9 FEMALES—Same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7C388DEDA7F4FE60" box="[809,921,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, WIBF
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7CE48DEDA03DFE60" box="[1013,1104,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="79-02-13">021379</date>
|
||
–82, 84–88, 90–95 (WIBF).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211356F3E7FD78D85A7A1FA70" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED BUT NOT INCULDED IN
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7B358D85A000FE58" box="[1060,1133,472,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
SERIES: 3 MALES, 2 FEMALES—PUERTO RICO: El Verde,
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711356F3E7D688E5DA6ADFDB0" box="[633,704,512,538]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="250.0">250m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7DDA8E5DA70AFDB0" box="[715,871,512,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1987-09-22">22 SEP 1987</date>
|
||
; M. A. Ivie, at light; 3 MALES, 5
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7BE88E5DA4A8FDEB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">FEMALESibid</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7FCA8E75A514FDE8" box="[219,377,552,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1987-09-23">23 SEP 1987</date>
|
||
; 1 MALE, 1 FEMALE—
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7DB98E75A6B8FDEB" box="[680,725,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7DFD8E75A7E7FDE8" box="[748,906,552,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1987-09-24">24 SEP 1987</date>
|
||
; 1 MALE—
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7B348E75A03FFDEB" box="[1061,1106,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7B788E75A16AFDE8" box="[1129,1287,552,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1987-09-25">25 SEP 1987</date>
|
||
; 1 MALE, 2 FEMALES—
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7E2B8E0DA50AFDC3" box="[314,359,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7E938E0DA644FDC0" box="[386,553,592,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1987-09-26">26 SEP 1987</date>
|
||
; 4 MALES, 2 FEMALES—
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7C9A8E0DA7D5FDC3" box="[907,952,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7CC28E0DA01AFDC0" box="[979,1143,592,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1987-09-27">27 SEP 1987</date>
|
||
(WIBF). 2 MALES—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7F868E25A536FD38" box="[151,347,632,658]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Caribbean; National Forest, base of; El Toro trail, 600 meters;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7B4E8E25A09CFD38" box="[1119,1265,632,658]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="18.281944">18°16’55”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7BEE8E25A1FAFD38" box="[1279,1431,632,658]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="-65.852776">65°51’10”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; tree cut –
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7E018EFDA5DEFD10" box="[272,435,672,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2002-06-26">26 June 2002</date>
|
||
; Steven W. Lingafelter (NMNH). 1 MALE, 1 FEMALE —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7B908EFDA128FD10" box="[1153,1349,672,698]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Caribbean; National Forest, Road 186 at; Km 14.4, Rio Grande bridge;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7CB98E95A057FD48" box="[936,1082,712,738]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="18.297222">18°17’50”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7B568E95A0B2FD48" box="[1095,1247,712,738]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="-65.8425">65°50’33”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 475 meters,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7A6E8E95A57CFCA0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2000-06-27">27 June 2000</date>
|
||
; dead tree cutting; Steven W. Lingafelter (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—ibid, Charyn J. Micheli (JAMC). 2 FEMALES—PUERTO RICO: Maricao For; Near Cabins,
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711356F3E7C7A8F45A781FC98" box="[875,1004,792,818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="875.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="850.0">850–900m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7CEB8F45A0E1FC98" box="[1018,1164,792,818]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="18.145834">18°08’45”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7B8B8F45A15FFC98" box="[1178,1330,792,818]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="-65.98111">65°58’52”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7A518F45A4B8FCF0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2002-06-19">19 June 2002</date>
|
||
, Lights; Steven W. Lingafelter (NMNH). 1 FEMALE —ibid., Norman Woodley (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—ibid.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7E658F35A621FC28" box="[372,588,872,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2002-06-17" valueMax="2002-06-18" valueMin="2002-06-17">17–18 June 2002</date>
|
||
, at lights, Charyn J. Micheli (JAMC). 2 MALES, 1 FEMALE —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7F868FCDA531FC00" box="[151,348,912,938]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Bosque Estatal; de Guajataca, along Road 446;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7CBB8FCDA050FC00" box="[938,1085,912,938]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="18.416666">18°25’00”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3895D0F511356F3E7B5A8FCDA08EFC00" box="[1099,1251,912,938]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="15" value="-65.975">65°58’30”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7BE38FCDA1FEFC00" box="[1266,1427,912,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2003-06-20">20 June 2003</date>
|
||
/ Beating veget.; Steven W. Lingafelter (NMNH). 1 FEMALES—PUERTO RICO: Ponce; Rd. 132, km 20;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7A6C8FE5A491FC50" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1976-10-22">X- 22-1976</date>
|
||
; J. Micheli/ at light (NMNH). 1 MALE—PUERTO RICO: Rd 10 Km 24;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7B878FBDA178FC50" box="[1174,1301,992,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1977-06-08">VI-8-1977</date>
|
||
; J. Micheli (NMNH). 1 MALE—PUERTO RICO: Rd 10 Km 24; 5/
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7C2E8855A7A7FB88" box="[831,970,1032,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1978-11-11">11-XI-1978</date>
|
||
; J. Micheli; blacklight trap (JAMC). 1 MALE, 2 FEMALES —
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7ED8886DA6E1FBE0" box="[457,652,1072,1098]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Rd 10 Km 24; 1/
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7C4A886DA7BCFBE0" box="[859,977,1072,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1978-05-07">7-V-1978</date>
|
||
; J. Micheli; blacklight trap (JAMC). 1 MALE—ibid., 5/
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7E708805A580FBD8" box="[353,493,1112,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1978-11-11">11-XI-1978</date>
|
||
; J. Micheli; (JAMC). 1 FEMALE—Unknown host; Central Rufina; Ponce, P.R.; coll.
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7FC088DDA547FB30" box="[209,298,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1911-12">11 Dec.</date>
|
||
’33; R. G. Oakley (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—Mayagüez, P.R.; 190 [sic] (NMNH). 1 MALE—ibid.,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7F8688F5A56BFB68" box="[151,262,1192,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1912-02-07">II-7-1912</date>
|
||
/ F. W. Hooker collector (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—El Yunque;
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711356F3E7CE088F5A053FB68" box="[1009,1086,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="ft" value="800.0">800 ft</quantity>
|
||
., PR/Feb; 21.00/ C. W. Richmond; collector (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—Bayamon; PR,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7C2C888DA7F5FB40" box="[829,920,1232,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1934-01-27">I-27-34</date>
|
||
; Lesene &; Anderson/ San Juan; No. 5130. 1 FEMALE—Puerto Rico; Santurce;
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7D4088A5A6FEFAB8" box="[593,659,1272,1298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1913-10">X-13</date>
|
||
-’35; Sta. 65; Blackwelder (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—Flight; Ponce, P.R.; D.DeLeon,
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7E78897DA5FCFA90" box="[361,401,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">v.2.</date>
|
||
’40/ Hopkins
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7D2E897DA605FA90" box="[575,616,1312,1338]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 33100-A-9 (NMNH). 1 FEMALE—Roosevelt Rds;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7A15897DA1F5FA90" box="[1284,1432,1312,1338]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
; unknown; A.B. Cochran/
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7EDB8915A618FAC8" box="[458,629,1352,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1963-03-04">4 March 1963</date>
|
||
; San Juan, P.R.; [no. symbol] 18392; 63 7416 (NMNH). [The next four specimens were included in error with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7DD4892DA747FA20" box="[709,810,1392,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111356F3E7C8A892DA032FA23" box="[923,1119,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7C8A892DA032FA23" box="[923,1119,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">E. pseudonomon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311356F3E7B9D892DA17EFA20" author="Ivie" box="[1164,1299,1392,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Ivie, M. A. (1985) Nomenclatural notes on West Indian Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="1985">Ivie (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They bear the
|
||
<typeStatus id="821A089011356F3E7FD489C5A547FA18" box="[197,298,1432,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels of both species]. 3 MALES, 1 FEMALE Roosevelt Rds;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7B5589C5A0BBFA18" box="[1092,1238,1432,1458]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
; unknown; A.B. Cochran/
|
||
<date id="291F90F211356F3E7E18899DA5DCFA70" box="[265,433,1472,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="1963-03-04">4 March 1963</date>
|
||
; San Juan, P.R.; no.18392; 63 7416 (NMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911356F3E7FD789BAA784F9F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211356F3E7FD789BAA784F9F8" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011356F3E7FD789BAA5FFF9AB" bold="true" box="[198,402,1511,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">ETYMOLOGY:</emphasis>
|
||
A noun in the genitive case, named in honor of Dr. Carol H. Mayes, Director,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7A2089B5A108F9A8" box="[1329,1381,1512,1538]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211356F3E7A7C89B5A57AF980" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
Program in The Nature Conservancy’s Caribbean Region, who kindly ran the trap that yielded this species under the porch of her house in the wettest forest on St. Thomas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |