605 lines
82 KiB
XML
605 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="CE9F8F965CE8D4BA9EC29F788A88C6FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="24547" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52381685-6651-42d8-b555-a9b56f9c37a5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3587039" ID-ZooBank="FC7A2CB9-5541-42AA-A1CA-6EF6BFBA0940" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1576824564240" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brown, Jason L., Siu-Ting, Karen, May, Rudolf Von, Twomey, Evan, Guillory, Wilson X., Deutsch, Michael S. & Chávez, Germán" docDate="2019" docId="682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4712.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4712 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ameerega panguana Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="9414E123E57D8D28FFABFF5B501BFFD8" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1698775470525" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7106A60264FAD786547BB257F41FBEAA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3E1A8F75449571D86539F496AFEB98A6">
|
||
<mods:title id="B077966122A0075E15430F65CD919EE9">Systematics of the Ameerega rubriventris complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Peru</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="9F28F40CEF40E1FA3EF6E1582DAB2891" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="ADD8FE76BF4BC7101AB0136340014BC2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="11EEDB7D1883570EFEECB56D5BCF9D7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C267E2FDA918924A720B97772940AAB6">Brown, Jason L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4991821C0808609BDC750071AA563C3C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="78FFE1F4675183478721984330CE6510">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="314CCC459421EB3757ABD6BEF5D1D152">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="488948F73C600789E8840D4F176DC9F1">Siu-Ting, Karen</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5B6F377A345342DB30DF2DC57730E7A4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FEB6B761622E9009ED6EC48554667DF5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="571F8BC208CF9920601A38E783C45D56">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9815C52D65FEDDC4CA2D4AAED58DA986">May, Rudolf Von</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="49FAE650FBE8D05C39BBEFCF927827CC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="827A679A68B6CBA7E02929EFF6E996C7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6A84F66962748CA62D2427573B3857CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="86B70C9B48A1B6EA5677074B0720F032">Twomey, Evan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="386C8593C028CBC0CA78E5EE2592AED0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D6AAA601F99DE6C5480C6831ED8710CC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8FA6A40394E784DCFC77DC7C1B85565D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FCA31D6E90CA948F147828FFC6F61705">Guillory, Wilson X.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F356125357FC1151A3632CD9B58C8AA7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A919EA0FC89F753DA03AED988E45AB3D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AD95C17B065A5F2BFDFEE6B454D4493E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9BB5C112027AE54B91AB14F7257EAAE5">Deutsch, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A100820EE8BB2EA18DA1E41260AD54E6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="24B099E90AA91801D774F8C254CB294D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E9243BB876C5DB746259EE40FC2B1F91">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FB867F4923D8EB2205A581EA940D770F">Chávez, Germán</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A6BC46047C16732AFC295457A8FD6B82">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="6800E5F21F053FFE56535B4AB42D2125" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="94BEBB66E44D19342E565C388C76B492">
|
||
<mods:title id="FA89823984DAFAE35AD34B49BD251899">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4345DF85D301F9F3B1C337154BCEB293">
|
||
<mods:date id="50E3D558158309FCAA857D8195B373E8">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1544F1CEECB04DA4536E6279B49185E2" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="A424EB8023F514891C33C56E49C87AF5">2019-12-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5E180546F59F2C30EBF89ED8A6475F13" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1D1103AD91A5B3835705231B04A6EEB6">4712</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3BE5B6A52BAF32DC8D40E49CF250B2C7" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="2BC91A456FBF549FC80A12D513B8BD73">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="0BCED9B1002A3CE4931700BF26EF4AA3" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="5FBF8F738AC428B9495470E4871794B0">211</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="94FA76DF1679AFF48406C1E27A8EC46D">235</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="7D13624B65A2BEA107A5FA4644C801C0">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4774B238ACDE1D86EF27DEED4C35504C" type="CLB-Dataset">24547</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CC34B9B269402B4873B7B36FA3AB11F3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2BDC7482D4113A27B413002DEE32BF2A" type="GBIF-Dataset">52381685-6651-42d8-b555-a9b56f9c37a5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E0DDB4034D7DE05D4C0EBE0CE322A36D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="60E8EFA91AE26B9D61E493FCAFFB3240" type="Zenodo-Dep">3587039</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5565B68700A5923D0C6B66CB1465D7A0" type="ZooBank">FC7A2CB9-5541-42AA-A1CA-6EF6BFBA0940</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160798122" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E5788D2DFF3CF9945197F8D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF99451E3F931" blockId="5.[151,504,1743,1805]" box="[151,504,1743,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<heading id="BB739F21E5788D2DFF3CF99451E3F931" bold="true" box="[151,504,1743,1769]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF99451E3F931" bold="true" box="[151,504,1743,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5788D2DFF3CF9945188F931" authority="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez, 2019" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,403,1743,1769]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF9945188F931" bold="true" box="[151,403,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Ameerega panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9C34924E5788D2DFE31F99451E3F931" box="[410,504,1743,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF9A85197F8D4" blockId="5.[151,504,1743,1805]" box="[151,396,1778,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Panguana poison frog</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E5788D2DFF3CF86C5409F854" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF86C559FF8B5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1846,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5788D2DFF3CF86C5148F896" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,339,1847,1871]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF86C5148F896" box="[151,339,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Phyllobates pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non Bibron):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5788D2DFE47F86D5282F897" author="Silverstone, P. A." box="[492,665,1846,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref14412" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (Family Dendrobatidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin, 1976, 1 - 53, 52 color pls." type="journal article" year="1976">Silverstone 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
p. 40–41, pattern 5 (partim),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2240E6AFE5788D2DFC63F86C5418F896" box="[968,1027,1847,1870]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
Natural History Collections 36469, Río Pachitea near Bosque Nacional de Iparia, Nevati (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2240E6AFE5788D2DFD6BF80E5310F8B5" box="[704,779,1877,1901]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
University 144351–60, Los Angeles County Museum 92413).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF82F5409F854" blockId="5.[151,1437,1846,2024]" box="[151,1042,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5788D2DFF3CF82F5147F854" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,348,1908,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF82F5147F854" box="[151,348,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Dendrobates pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non Bibron):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5788D2DFE58F82E530CF854" author="Myers, C. W. & Daly, J. W. & Malkin, B." box="[499,791,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="307 - 366" refId="ref13763" refString="Myers, C. W., Daly, J. W. & Malkin, B. (1978) A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Ember indians of Western Colombia, with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 161, 307 - 366, 302 pls." type="book chapter" year="1978">Myers, Daly & Malkin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 332 (by implication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E5788D2DFF3CF8C85460F830" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF8C85297F873" blockId="5.[151,1437,1846,2024]" box="[151,652,1938,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5788D2DFF3CF8C851C0F873" ID-CoL="CQ78" authority="(Schluter 2005)" authorityName="Schluter" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Schluter" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[151,475,1938,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF8C8512DF872" box="[151,310,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Ameerega picta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5788D2DFEE8F8C951C8F873" author="Schluter, A." box="[323,467,1938,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" refId="ref14209" refString="Schluter, A. (2005) Amphibien an einem Stillgewasser in Peru: mit einer illustrierten Checklist der Amphibien und Reptilien des unteren Rio Llullapichis. Vol. 22. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 347 pp." type="book" year="2005">Schlüter 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by implication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF8E953BDF812" blockId="5.[151,1437,1846,2024]" box="[151,934,1969,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5788D2DFF3CF8E95288F811" ID-CoL="CQ6D" authority=": Twomey & Brown 2008" authorityName=": Twomey & Brown" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,659,1969,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF8E95197F811" box="[151,396,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Ameerega altamazonica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5788D2DFE32F8E95288F811" author="Twomey, E. & Brown, J. L." box="[409,659,1969,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="49 - 65" refId="ref14521" refString="Twomey, E. & Brown, J. L. (2008) A partial revision of the Ameerega hahneli complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and a new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Central Peru. Zootaxa, 1757 (1), 49 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1757.1.3" type="journal article" year="2008">Twomey & Brown 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. p. 56–62 (by implication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5788D2DFF3CF88B5460F830" blockId="5.[151,1437,1846,2024]" box="[151,1147,1999,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5788D2DFF3CF88B50E6F83F" ID-CoL="6298L" authority="Siu Ting 2012" authorityName="Siu Ting" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,253,2000,2023]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFF3CF88B50E6F83F" box="[151,253,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. “Panguana”:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5788D2DFE06F894525BF830" author="Siu Ting, K." box="[429,576,1999,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" refId="ref14268" refString="Siu Ting, K. (2012) Evaluacion de la diversidad criptica en anfibios de amplia distribucion en la Amazonia peruana. Master's Thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos, Lima, 124 pp." type="book" year="2012">Siu Ting 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. p. 20–22 (by implication); Guillory
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5788D2DFC1DF88A53F2F830" box="[950,1001,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020 p. 3–10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E57B8D2EFF3CFFC25388FB6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2EFF3CFFC254C1FF23" blockId="6.[151,1436,153,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="50EC2210E57B8D2EFF3CFFC254C1FF23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521263372" collectingDate="2007-12-20" collectionCode="MUSM, KST" collectorName="K. Siu Ting & Siu Ting, S & A. Crawford" country="Peru" elevation="240" latitude="-9.613695" location="Rio Pachitea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.9355" municipality="Panguana Biological Research Station" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="MUSM 26846, KST263" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huanuco" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFF3CFFC25110FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,267,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F3F96EFE57B8D2EFF3CFFC2511FFF6B" box="[151,260,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFEB9FFC251AFFF6B" box="[274,436,153,179]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">MUSM 26846</specimenCode>
|
||
(field number
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFDF0FFC252A5FF6C" box="[603,702,153,180]" collectionCode="KST" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">KST263</specimenCode>
|
||
), an adult male collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFC56FFC25499FF6B" box="[1021,1154,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">K. Siu Ting</collectorName>
|
||
, S. Flechas and
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFA9FFFC250DDFF0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">A. Crawford</collectorName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2240E6AFE57B8D2EFF42FFE65184FF0F" box="[233,415,189,215]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Huánuco region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="989368DDE57B8D2EFE01FFE651FBFF0F" box="[426,480,189,215]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFE40FFE65222FF0F" box="[491,569,189,215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="4.1">4.1 km</quantity>
|
||
(via direct line)
|
||
<locationDeviation id="F189316FE57B8D2EFD59FFE653BCFF0F" box="[754,935,189,215]" location="Puerto Inca" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">S of Puerto Inca</locationDeviation>
|
||
along
|
||
<location id="E55B7E96E57B8D2EFC58FFE6549AFF0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB:E55B7E96E57B8D2EFC58FFE6549AFF0F" box="[1011,1153,189,215]" country="Peru" latitude="-9.613695" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.9355" municipality="Panguana Biological Research Station" name="Rio Pachitea" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Huanuco">Río Pachitea</location>
|
||
at the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="005FB237E57B8D2EFB60FFE65165FF23" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Panguana Biological Research Station</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFE21FFBA51CAFF23" box="[394,465,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="240.0">
|
||
<elevation id="6BA9CF7EE57B8D2EFE21FFBA51CAFF23" box="[394,465,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57B8D2EFDE7FFBA52F0FF23" box="[588,747,224,251]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" precision="1" seconds="49.3" value="-9.613695">9° 36′ 49.3′′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57B8D2EFD5CFFBA5384FF23" box="[759,927,224,251]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" precision="1" seconds="7.8" value="-74.9355">74° 56′ 7.8′′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFC01FFBA5464FF23" box="[938,1151,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2007-12-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="847EF765E57B8D2EFC01FFBA5464FF23" box="[938,1151,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2007-12-20">20 December 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57B8D2EFB25FFBA54D6FF23" box="[1166,1229,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,792,817]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,271,766]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,265,772]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–C) Holotype of Ameerega panguana in life (MUSM 26846), SVL=17.3mm. D–E) Holotype of Ameerega imasmari in life (CORBIDI 20575), SVL= 19.9 mm, see Fig. 1 for additional image." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587049/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4FB78C5E57B8D2EFF3CFC4353C2FC8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3587049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587049/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" startId="6.[151,250,792,817]" targetBox="[160,1427,271,766]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2EFF3CFC4353C2FC8D" blockId="6.[151,1436,792,853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFF3CFC43510FFCE9" bold="true" box="[151,276,792,817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A–C) Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57B8D2EFE76FC4252B4FCE8" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[477,687,793,816]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFE76FC4252B4FCE8" box="[477,687,793,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Ameerega panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life (MUSM 26846), SVL=17.3mm. D–E) Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57B8D2EFAA6FC4250C6FC8C" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imasmari">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFAA6FC4250C6FC8C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Ameerega imasmari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life (CORBIDI 20575), SVL= 19.9 mm, see Fig. 1 for additional image.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2EFF6CFC255131FC07" blockId="6.[151,1437,893,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFF6CFC255160FC40" bold="true" box="[199,379,894,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="50EC2210E57B8D2EFE28FC2550ECFC64" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521263369" collectingDate="2008-01-20" collectionCode="MUSM, KST" collectorName="K. Siu Ting" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="MUSM 26884, KST301" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFE28FC25523CFC4F" box="[387,551,893,920]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">MUSM 26884</specimenCode>
|
||
(field number
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFD78FC25532EFC40" box="[723,821,894,920]" collectionCode="KST" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">KST301</specimenCode>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFC77FC25547AFC4F" box="[988,1121,893,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">K. Siu Ting</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFB25FC255551FC40" box="[1166,1354,894,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2008-01-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="847EF765E57B8D2EFB25FC255551FC40" box="[1166,1354,894,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2008-01-20">20 January 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Supp.
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57B8D2EFF3CFCFA50F7FC64" box="[151,236,929,956]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[204,1382,559,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[198,1388,553,1910]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Species in the Ameerega rubriventris species complex: A & B) Ameerega altamazonica, C) A. rubriventris dorsal view, D) A. rubriventris ventral view E) Ameerega panguana sp. nov. (photo T. Ostrowski), F) Ameerega imasmari sp. nov. (holotype)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587041/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="50EC2210E57B8D2EFEA9FCF9513DFC07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521263374" collectingDate="2003-11-10" collectingDateMax="2003-11-16" collectingDateMin="2003-11-10" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="W. Hodl & A. Amezquita & K. Siu Ting" location="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="MUSM 24685-24687" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lima">
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFEA9FCF951E1FC64" box="[258,506,929,956]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">MUSM 24685–24687</specimenCode>
|
||
collected between
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFD78FCFA53CCFC64" box="[723,983,929,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2003-11-10" valueMax="2003-11-16" valueMin="2003-11-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="847EF765E57B8D2EFD78FCFA53CCFC64" box="[723,983,929,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2003-11-10" valueMax="2003-11-16" valueMin="2003-11-10">10–16 November 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFBA9FCF95478FC63" box="[1026,1123,929,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">W. Hödl</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFBC5FCF95511FC63" box="[1134,1290,929,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">A. Amézquita</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFAB2FCF95587FC63" box="[1305,1436,929,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">K. Siu Ting</collectorName>
|
||
and A.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2240E6AFE57B8D2EFF4CFC9E513DFC07" box="[231,294,965,991]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2EFF6CFCB25394FB6C" blockId="6.[151,1437,893,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="50EC2210E57B8D2EFF6CFCB252D7FB92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2571181084" collectingDate="2007-04-25" collectingDateMax="2011-09-03" collectingDateMin="1975-02" collectionCode="R" collectorName="E. Twomey & J. L. Brown" country="Peru" elevation="298" latitude="-9.312439" location="All" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.851616" municipality="Cordillera El Sira" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="MUSM 26963-26964, JLB07-608" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huanuco region" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFF6CFCB2515DFBDB" bold="true" box="[199,326,1001,1027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F3F96EFE57B8D2EFF6CFCB25124FBDB" box="[199,319,1001,1027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="E55B7E96E57B8D2EFEE6FCB3516AFBDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:682D995BE5788D21FF3CF994516FFBCB:E55B7E96E57B8D2EFEE6FCB3516AFBDA" box="[333,369,1000,1026]" country="Peru" latitude="-9.312439" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.851616" municipality="Cordillera El Sira" name="All" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Huanuco region">All</location>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2240E6AFE57B8D2EFE1EFCB35270FBDA" box="[437,619,1000,1026]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Huánuco region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="989368DDE57B8D2EFDDDFCB252B5FBDB" box="[630,686,1001,1027]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFD12FCB353B4FBDA" box="[697,943,1000,1026]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">MUSM 26963–26964</specimenCode>
|
||
(field numbers
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFBCAFCB354C4FBDA" box="[1121,1247,1000,1026]" collectionCode="JLB" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">JLB07-608</specimenCode>
|
||
and 610),
|
||
<locationDeviation id="F189316FE57B8D2EFAFCFCB3514BFBFE" location="Puerto Inca" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFAFCFCB35587FBDA" box="[1367,1436,1000,1026]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Puerto Inca
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
along a trail to
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="005FB237E57B8D2EFDAFFB5752D5FBFE" box="[516,718,1036,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Cordillera El Sira</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFD71FB575339FBFE" box="[730,802,1036,1062]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="298.0">
|
||
<elevation id="6BA9CF7EE57B8D2EFD71FB575339FBFE" box="[730,802,1036,1062]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="298.0">298 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
above sea-level, collected
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFBF8FB5054EBFBFE" box="[1107,1264,1035,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2007-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="847EF765E57B8D2EFBF8FB5054EBFBFE" box="[1107,1264,1035,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2007-04-25">25 April 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFAB0FB575586FBFE" box="[1307,1437,1036,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">E. Twomey</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFF63FB6B5152FB92" box="[200,329,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">J.L. Brown</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57B8D2EFEFEFB74521FFB91" box="[341,516,1070,1097]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" precision="1" seconds="50.86" value="-9.447461">9° 26′ 50.86′′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57B8D2EFDB9FB7452D7FB92" box="[530,716,1070,1098]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" precision="1" seconds="1.91" value="-74.80054">74° 48′ 1.91′′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="50EC2210E57B8D2EFD7CFB745394FB6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2571181085" collectingDate="1975-02" collectingDateMax="2011-09-03" collectingDateMin="1975-02" collectionCode="R" collectorName="J. L. Brown. & C. Toft & L. Dressler" country="Peru" elevation="298" latitude="-9.312439" location="All" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.851616" municipality="Cordillera El Sira" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="MUSM 26985, JLB07-786, AMNH 95663-95666" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huanuco" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFD7CFB745361FB91" box="[727,890,1070,1097]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">MUSM 26985</specimenCode>
|
||
(field numbers
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFB84FB7454AAFB92" box="[1071,1201,1071,1098]" collectionCode="JLB" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">JLB07-786</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<locationDeviation id="F189316FE57B8D2EFB6DFB7550DFFBB5" location="Puerto Sira" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFB6DFB75550EFB91" box="[1222,1301,1070,1097]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="4.5">4.5 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Puerto Sira
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
along a trail to Cordillera El Sira, collected
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFD17FB085392FBB5" box="[700,905,1107,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2011-09-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="847EF765E57B8D2EFD17FB085392FBB5" box="[700,905,1107,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="2011-09-03">3 September 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFC1FFB085459FBB5" box="[948,1090,1107,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">J. L. Brown.</collectorName>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57B8D2EFBE2FB0854E3FBB5" box="[1097,1272,1106,1133]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" precision="1" seconds="44.78" value="-9.312439">9° 18′ 44.78′′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57B8D2EFAADFB0850A8FB49" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" precision="1" seconds="5.83" value="-74.851616">74° 51′ 5.83′′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="B0228036E57B8D2EFF14FB2D51A3FB48" box="[191,440,1141,1168]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">AMNH 95663–95666</specimenCode>
|
||
(field numbers CWM-13104-13107), “Río Llullapichis, nr. Llullapichis (town) on Río Pachitea”,
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFEBBFBC15144FB6C" box="[272,351,1178,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">C. Toft</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="8695B088E57B8D2EFE3EFBC151B0FB6C" box="[405,427,1178,1204]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="4D714D9BE57B8D2EFE04FBC15236FB6C" box="[431,557,1178,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">L. Dressler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFD93FBC152C7FB6C" box="[568,732,1177,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="1975-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="847EF765E57B8D2EFD93FBC152C7FB6C" box="[568,732,1177,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="1975-02">February 1975</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Supp.
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57B8D2EFC9FFBC1539DFB6C" box="[820,902,1178,1204]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1563,1588]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,184,1534]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,181,1538]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mirror phylogeny of A. rubriventris complex and outgroups. Left. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny reconstruct- ed from UCE genome-scale molecular markers. Right. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny reconstructed from mtDNA genome data (this tree was used a backbone constraint in Fig 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587045/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Fig 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2EFC24FBC15388FB6C" blockId="6.[151,1437,893,2021]" box="[911,915,1178,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E57B8D2FFF6CFBE652F8FD5F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2EFF6CFBE65245F97C" blockId="6.[151,1437,893,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFF6CFBE65155FB0F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1213,1239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is in honor of the Koepcke family: parents, Drs. Hans-Wilhelm and Maria Koepcke, and their daughter, Dr. Juliane Diller (born as Koepcke). Hans-Wilhelm and Maria founded the Panguana Biological Research Station in 1968, which was named after the undulated tinamou (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57B8D2EFBCDFA5F5572FAC6" box="[1126,1385,1284,1310]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Crypturellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulates">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFBCDFA5F5572FAC6" box="[1126,1385,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Crypturellus undulates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), an inconspicuous, partridge-sized bird. The Koepcke family developed the Panguana Biological Research Station into a paragon for land conservation and biodiversity preservation. Under Juliane’s guidance, the station continues to serve as a cornerstone for biologists working in the Amazon Rainforest of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="989368DDE57B8D2EFBB6FA34544BFA51" box="[1053,1104,1391,1417]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and has become the country’s oldest biological station. Hans-Wilhelm, Maria, and Juliane also made substantial scientific contributions to the knowledge of Peruvian ornithology, botany, and mammalogy, respectively. On
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE57B8D2EFB8DFAEE5503FA08" box="[1062,1304,1461,1488]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="1971-12-24">December 24th 1971</date>
|
||
, Maria and Juliane were passengers on LANSA flight 508. Midflight, the plane was struck by lighting and broke into several pieces, which crashed into the dense rainforests of the upper Pachitea drainage, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFB90FAA7548BF9CE" box="[1083,1168,1532,1558]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
|
||
south-west of Pucallpa. Despite suffering a broken collar bone, a deep forearm cut, and a severe concussion, Juliane courageously made her way downriver towards the village of Tournavista—a trip that spanned 11 days. She was the sole survivor. The core of the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57B8D2EFE2DF93C5275F959" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[390,622,1639,1665]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFE2DF93C5275F959" box="[390,622,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Ameerega panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains the Panguana Biological Research Station, the site of the plane crash, and Juliane’s trek to Río Pachitea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57B8D2FFF6CF9F652F8FD5F" blockId="6.[151,1437,893,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,153,2043]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFF6CF9F6515DF910" bold="true" box="[199,326,1709,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Definition.</emphasis>
|
||
A small species of cryptically-colored frog assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57B8D2EFC11F9F55431F910" box="[954,1066,1710,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57B8D2EFC11F9F55431F910" box="[954,1066,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of maxillary and premaxillary teeth, the first finger being longer than the second, and basal webbing occurring between toes II–IV. The species can be characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) mean SVL of adult males 19.0 mm (range
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFEF9F84351E1F8EB" box="[338,506,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8299999999999996" metricValueMax="1.97" metricValueMin="1.69" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="18.299999999999997" valueMax="19.7" valueMin="16.9">16.9–19.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), mean SVL of adult females
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFCE0F84353B4F8EB" box="[843,943,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="19.8">19.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E57B8D2EFBADF84354B1F8EB" box="[1030,1194,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.935" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.66" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="19.35" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="16.6">16.6–22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="AD061DF6E57B8D2EFB6AF843550DF8EA" box="[1217,1302,1816,1842]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,584,610]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of the type series of Ameerega panguana sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B4FB78C5E5708D25FF3CFD1353DFFDBA" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="B4FB78C5E5708D25FF3CFD1353DFFDBA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
); (2) dorsal skin granular, especially on the back and the dorsal surfaces of the legs, dorsal surfaces of forelimbs lightly granular, flanks and venter non-granular; (3) finger III expanded in adults; (4) absence of lateral fringes and basal webbing on fingers; (5) maxillary and premaxillary teeth present; (6) fingers and toes discs expanded, larger in toes II, III, and IV; (7) basal webbing between toes II–III and III–IV; (8) finger I longer than finger II; (9) toe III length reaches or surpasses the middle of the central sub-articular tubercle of toe IV; (10) metatarsal fold absent; (11) tympanum conspicuous and small; (12) in life, base dorsal coloration of the head, back, and limbs are dark brown mottled in subtle to conspicuous ovoid blotches variable in size and coloration ranging from gray to slate-blue to light olive green to chartreuse yellow; dorsal blotches often merge or are clustered on dorsum; in some individuals the dorsal blotches are mostly absent; (13) oblique lateral stripe absent; (14) usually with white dorsolateral stripes extending from loreal region to groin; (15) white labial stripe present, starting behind nares and ending at forelimb; (16) flanks black to dark brown, most individuals have bright white or cream, occasionally slate-blue, spotting or marbling extending from venter; (17) venter smooth, bright white to bluish-cream, with sparse black reticulation; (18) yellow to red spots present posterodorsally at the insertions of the forelimbs and hindlimbs, and on medial face of tibia; (19) limbs light to dark brown on dorsal surfaces, ventral surfaces of forelimbs are light blue distally, yellow proximally; underside of head pigmented as the venter but often darker (i.e. more black marbling), especially in males. (20) iris dark brown with golden ring around pupil; (21) in preservative, all lighter pigments and flash colors fade to white or gray; (22) advertisement call is a short ‘peep’ repeated 1.1–1.9 times per s for several min; each note is short (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE57A8D2FFAC1FD7E50B8FDBB" degrees="0.23" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" precision="555" value="-0.23">0.23 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, mean), with the dominant frequency from 4.9 to 5.5 kHz; (23) presence of exotrophic tadpoles carried to small terrestrial pools, where they are deposited in groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E57A8D2FFF6CFDCB512BFB1C" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57A8D2FFF6CFDCB512BFB1C" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFF6CFDCB5159FD73" bold="true" box="[199,322,656,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFE3BFDCA521BFD73" box="[400,512,657,683]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFE3BFDCA521BFD73" box="[400,512,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species possess white dorsolateral stripes and brown dorsal coloration, but only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFA2FFDCA50F0FD17" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFA2FFDCA50F0FD17" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9C34924E57A8D2FFF58FDEE5164FD17" box="[243,383,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can have a similar white venter. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFCC0FDEE53C4FD17" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[875,991,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFCC0FDEE53C4FD17" box="[875,991,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an advertisement call consisting of 6–10 notes per second for several minutes (versus 1–2 notes per second in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFC74FD825475FD2A" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[991,1134,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFC74FD825475FD2A" box="[991,1134,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57A8D2FFBD6FD8254D2FD2B" box="[1149,1225,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,176,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1429,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement calls of: A) Ameerega hahneli from Panguana Biological Research Station at 25°C. B) A. rubriventris from type locality, Boqueron de Padre Abad, Peru at 24°C. C) A. altamazonica from type locality, near Tarapoto, Peru at 23°C. D) A. panguana from type locality at 24°C. E) A. imasmari from type locality at 23°C. Solid gray line depicts 5 kHz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587051/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57A8D2FFB45FD8254E5FD2C" box="[1262,1278,729,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1804,1829]" captionTargetBox="[164,1337,540,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[153,1434,525,1779]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement calls of the A. rubriventris complex. The plot in center depicts the 2D call space occupied by each species with the x-axis representing advertisement call dominant frequency and y-axis representing individual note length (in seconds). Density plots extend from each axis and depict the relative frequency of each species’ values. Letters depict significant differences among taxa (ANOVA: dominant frequency, df=3, F= 22.55, p<0.001; note length, df=3, F= 8.55, p<0.001). Black lines in density plots on each axis depict median, upper-, and lower-quartiles for each species. The isopleths in center plot depict a 2D kernel density estimation of each species’ call space. White dots represent values for A. altamazonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587055/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">6</figureCitation>
|
||
), the venter is typical finely marbled (coarsely reticulated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFD09FDA65329FCCE" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[674,818,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFD09FDA65329FCCE" box="[674,818,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the dark pigmentation on flanks is broad with venter coloration barely visible from profile (dark pigmentation narrow, ca. width, and venter coloration extends midway up obliques and is distinctly visible in profile in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFD14FC1F5354FC86" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[703,847,836,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFD14FC1F5354FC86" box="[703,847,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The second similar species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFB11FC1F5587FC86" authority="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez, 2019" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[1210,1436,836,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imasmari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFB11FC1F5587FC86" box="[1210,1436,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Ameerega imasmari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFF3CFC3350E8FC5A" bold="true" box="[151,243,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9C34924E57A8D2FFF3CFC3350E8FC5A" box="[151,243,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(described below), in which northern populations are the most similar, but can have golden dorsolateral stripes (white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFEF9FCD751FAFC7D" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[338,481,908,934]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFEF9FCD751FAFC7D" box="[338,481,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) an advertisement call consisting of 3–4 notes per second with a dominant frequency 4.3–4.5 kHz (versus 1–2 notes per second with a dominant frequency 4.9–5.5 kHz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFBF9FCF454FAFC11" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[1106,1249,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFBF9FCF454FAFC11" box="[1106,1249,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="AD061DF6E57A8D2FFB44FCF45558FC11" box="[1263,1347,943,969]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,442,466]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 3. Main call parameters between species. Mean (minimum-maximum, standard deviation)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B4FB78C5E5728D27FF3CFEE154ADFE0B" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="B4FB78C5E5728D27FF3CFEE154ADFE0B">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57A8D2FFAFBFCF45587FC11" box="[1360,1436,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,176,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1429,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement calls of: A) Ameerega hahneli from Panguana Biological Research Station at 25°C. B) A. rubriventris from type locality, Boqueron de Padre Abad, Peru at 24°C. C) A. altamazonica from type locality, near Tarapoto, Peru at 23°C. D) A. panguana from type locality at 24°C. E) A. imasmari from type locality at 23°C. Solid gray line depicts 5 kHz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587051/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E57A8D2FFF18FC8850D8FC36" box="[179,195,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1804,1829]" captionTargetBox="[164,1337,540,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[153,1434,525,1779]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement calls of the A. rubriventris complex. The plot in center depicts the 2D call space occupied by each species with the x-axis representing advertisement call dominant frequency and y-axis representing individual note length (in seconds). Density plots extend from each axis and depict the relative frequency of each species’ values. Letters depict significant differences among taxa (ANOVA: dominant frequency, df=3, F= 22.55, p<0.001; note length, df=3, F= 8.55, p<0.001). Black lines in density plots on each axis depict median, upper-, and lower-quartiles for each species. The isopleths in center plot depict a 2D kernel density estimation of each species’ call space. White dots represent values for A. altamazonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587055/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other species similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFD2DFC88530EFC35" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[646,789,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFD2DFC88530EFC35" box="[646,789,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFCDFFC8853E7FC35" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[884,1020,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFCDFFC8853E7FC35" box="[884,1020,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFBA1FC88515EFBC8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFBA1FC88548AFC35" authorityName="Brown & Twomey" authorityYear="2009" box="[1034,1169,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">A. ignipedis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFB37FC88553BFC35" baseAuthorityName="Myers, Rodriguez and Icochea" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1180,1312,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">A. simulans</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFA80FC885583FC35" baseAuthorityName="Silverstone" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1323,1432,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">A. petersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFF3CFCAC515EFBC8" baseAuthorityName="Silverstone" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[151,325,1014,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchripecta">A. pulchripecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(all of which have yellowish or green dorsolateral stripes and blue venters),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFB04FCAC5513FBC8" baseAuthorityName="Schluter" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1199,1288,1015,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="picta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFB04FCAC5513FBC8" box="[1199,1288,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. picta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9C34924E57A8D2FFABBFCAC5587FBC8" box="[1296,1436,1014,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(can possess a white venter, but has yellow dorsolateral stripes),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFCD8FB405410FBEC" authorityName="Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, Villacampa, Von May, Gutierrez, Padial & Chaparro" authorityYear="2017" box="[883,1035,1050,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shihuemoy">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFCD8FB405410FBEC" box="[883,1035,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. shihuemoy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pink dorsolateral stripe and a blue venter),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFF5CFB655185FB80" baseAuthorityName="Lötters, Debold, Henle, Glaw and Kneller" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[247,414,1086,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFF5CFB655185FB80" box="[247,414,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(reddish-orange venter) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFD47FB6553BFFB80" authorityName=": Twomey & Brown" authorityYear="2008" box="[748,932,1086,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFD47FB6553BFFB80" box="[748,932,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue venter instead of a white venter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFA2FFB65511CFBA4" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFA2FFB65511CFBA4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFEB4FB395213FBA4" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[287,520,1122,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFEB4FB395213FBA4" box="[287,520,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Ameerega panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFCDEFB39544AFBA4" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[885,1105,1122,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="femoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFCDEFB39544AFBA4" box="[885,1105,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Allobates femoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, it lacks an oblique lateral stripe (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFE00FBDD522EFB47" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[427,565,1157,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="femoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFE00FBDD522EFB47" box="[427,565,1157,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. femoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and finger I is longer than or finger II (finger II is longer than or finger I in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE57A8D2FFF3CFBF1513BFB1B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,288,1193,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="femoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFF3CFBF1513BFB1B" box="[151,288,1193,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">A. femoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E57A8D21FF6CFB965467FEBF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57A8D2FFF6CFB965146FAF6" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFF6CFB965274FB3F" bold="true" box="[199,623,1228,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F3F96EFE57A8D2FFE30FB965219FB3F" box="[411,514,1229,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 17.3; FoL 7.6; TL 7.9; KK 15.6; FL 6.1; HaL 3.5; HL 4.1; HW 4.5; BW 4.0; UEW 2.9; IOD 2.4; IND 2.3; TD 2.4; ED 2.4; DET 0.5; L1F 2.8; L2F 2.4; W3D 0.5; W3F 0.4. For
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F3F96EFE57A8D2FFAC8FBAA50C9FAF7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
see
|
||
<tableCitation id="AD061DF6E57A8D2FFEAFFA4F514CFAF6" box="[260,343,1300,1326]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,584,610]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of the type series of Ameerega panguana sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B4FB78C5E5708D25FF3CFD1353DFFDBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="B4FB78C5E5708D25FF3CFD1353DFFDBA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57A8D2FFF6CFA6C5552F9A8" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE57A8D2FFF6CFA6C51DCFA8B" bold="true" box="[199,455,1335,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Description of adults.</emphasis>
|
||
Little to no sexual dimorphism is apparent except for males being slightly smaller, possessing vocal slits and a subgular vocal sac. Tongue gray, ovoid, attaching anteriorly. Head widest at jaw articulations, slightly narrower than body in most individuals (head width at tympanum 71.3–126.0% of body width at axillae); head width 21.9–31.6% of SVL. Snout sloping laterally; bluntly rounded dorsally; truncate ventrally. Nares situated and directed posterolaterally to the tip of snout; nares visible from front and below but not from above. Canthus rostralis sloped, slightly rounded; loreal region nearly vertical and slightly concave. Interorbital distance nearly same width of superior upper eyelid. Eye large and prominent, with a maximum diameter of 14.9–17.3% of the snout vent length; pupil rounded and horizontally elliptical. Tympanum circular, partially concealed posterodorsally, lacking tympanic annulus; tympanum width 21.7–40.0% of eye diameter. Supratympanic fold absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57A8D2FFF6CF92153E8F927" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Hands relatively small, length 18.9–29.3% of SVL. Relative length of appressed fingers: III> IV> II ≈ I. Discs moderately expanded, disc on finger III 1.3–1.7 times width of finger below disc. A large, circular outer metacarpal tubercle on median base of palm; a smaller inner metacarpal tubercle on base of finger I; one well developed and prominent subarticular tubercle on fingers I and II, two on fingers III and IV.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE57A8D2FFF6CF85251B6F823" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Hind limbs relatively small, femur 37.1–50.8% of SVL, tibia 40.7–55.1% of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV> III> V> II> I; first toe short, barely reaching bottom of subarticular tubercle on base of second toe, with unexpanded disc; toes II and III with barely expanded discs (much smaller than finger discs), and toe IV and V with discs expanded (disc 1.3–1.5 times broader than adjacent phalanx). Inner and a smaller outer metatarsal tubercle present, somewhat protuberant with rounded surfaces. One slightly protuberant subarticular tubercle present on toes I and II, two on toes III, IV, and V. Hands and feet lacking supernumerary tubercles, lateral fringes, and webbing. No toe fringes.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4FB78C5E5758D20FF3CF8C85561F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3587051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587051/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" startId="8.[151,250,1939,1964]" targetBox="[189,1397,176,1906]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5758D20FF3CF8C85561F82C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1939,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5758D20FF3CF8C8510FF874" bold="true" box="[151,276,1939,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement calls of: A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5758D20FD98F8CF52F7F874" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[563,748,1940,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5758D20FD98F8CF52F7F874" box="[563,748,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Ameerega hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Panguana Biological Research Station at 25°C. B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5758D20FA9CF8CF50CAF817" baseAuthorityName="Lötters, Debold, Henle, Glaw and Kneller" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5758D20FA9CF8CF50CAF817" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">A. rubriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from type locality, Boqueron de Padre Abad, Peru at 24°C. C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5758D20FCFAF8E353ECF808" authorityName=": Twomey & Brown" authorityYear="2008" box="[849,1015,1976,2000]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5758D20FCFAF8E353ECF808" box="[849,1015,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from type locality, near Tarapoto, Peru at 23°C. D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5758D20FF52F8875161F82B" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[249,378,2012,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5758D20FF52F8875161F82B" box="[249,378,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from type locality at 24°C. E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5758D20FD1FF887532BF82B" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[692,816,2012,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imasmari">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5758D20FD1FF887532BF82B" box="[692,816,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">A. imasmari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from type locality at 23°C. Solid gray line depicts 5 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5748D21FF6CFFC35467FEBF" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FF6CFFC3517AFF6B" bold="true" box="[199,353,152,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FD3CFFC2533CFF6B" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[663,807,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FD3CFFC2533CFF6B" box="[663,807,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="AD061DF6E5748D21FC9EFFC25391FF6B" box="[821,906,153,179]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,584,610]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of the type series of Ameerega panguana sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B4FB78C5E5708D25FF3CFD1353DFFDBA" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" tableUuid="B4FB78C5E5708D25FF3CFD1353DFFDBA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E5748D21FC32FFC253FEFF6B" box="[921,997,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,176,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1429,166,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement calls of: A) Ameerega hahneli from Panguana Biological Research Station at 25°C. B) A. rubriventris from type locality, Boqueron de Padre Abad, Peru at 24°C. C) A. altamazonica from type locality, near Tarapoto, Peru at 23°C. D) A. panguana from type locality at 24°C. E) A. imasmari from type locality at 23°C. Solid gray line depicts 5 kHz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587051/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E5748D21FBA1FFC25402FF6C" box="[1034,1049,153,180]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1804,1829]" captionTargetBox="[164,1337,540,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[153,1434,525,1779]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Advertisement calls of the A. rubriventris complex. The plot in center depicts the 2D call space occupied by each species with the x-axis representing advertisement call dominant frequency and y-axis representing individual note length (in seconds). Density plots extend from each axis and depict the relative frequency of each species’ values. Letters depict significant differences among taxa (ANOVA: dominant frequency, df=3, F= 22.55, p<0.001; note length, df=3, F= 8.55, p<0.001). Black lines in density plots on each axis depict median, upper-, and lower-quartiles for each species. The isopleths in center plot depict a 2D kernel density estimation of each species’ call space. White dots represent values for A. altamazonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587055/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a short ‘peep’ repeated 1.1–1.9 times per second for several minutes. Each note is short (mean
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="85B04E8AE5748D21FCC9FFE653BCFF0F" box="[866,935,189,215]" degrees="0.23" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" precision="555" value="-0.23">0.23 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), with the dominant frequency from 4.9–5.5 kHz. This single-note advertisement call is given most frequently in the afternoon and evening as males chorus in small groups. We also note a second call
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F3F96EFE5748D21FDC3FE5E5283FEC7" box="[616,664,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FD16FE5E5356FEC7" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[701,845,261,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FD16FE5E5356FEC7" box="[701,845,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of two to three notes in quick succession (within 10 ms of each other), repeated once every 3-90 seconds. The latter call appears to function as an aggressive or territorial call and is most frequently heard in the early morning and early evening (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5748D21FC66FE165474FEBF" author="Schluter, A." box="[973,1135,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" pagination="149 - 161" refId="ref14173" refString="Schluter, A. (1980) Bio-akustische Untersuchungen an Dendrobatiden in einem begrenzten Gebiet des tropischen Regenwaldes von Peru (Amphibia: Salientia: Dendrobatidae). Salamandra, 16, 149 - 161." type="journal article" year="1980">Schlüter 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A89E7BC6E5748D21FF6CFE2B516FFBCB" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5748D21FF6CFE2B519DFCCF" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FF6CFE2B527AFE53" bold="true" box="[199,609,368,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Distribution and Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FDC0FE2A534DFE53" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[619,854,369,395]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FDC0FE2A534DFE53" box="[619,854,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Ameerega panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed throughout the east-Andean versant, Cordillera Sira, and surrounding lowlands of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="989368DDE5748D21FD42FECE5307FE77" box="[745,796,405,431]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
at elevations of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E5748D21FC55FECE5466FE77" box="[1022,1149,405,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200–400 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E5748D21FB26FECE54C9FE77" box="[1165,1234,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1896]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,481,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,481,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Known distribution of species in the A. rubriventris complex. Each distribution was created by applying a 20 km buffer to a minimum convex polygon surrounding the known localities of each species. An asterisk indicates samples confirmed with genetic data. Gray dots represent frogs collected as either A. hahneli and A. picta over the past decades; in much of southern Peru it is impossible to positively ascribe these localities to either species based on observation alone. Thus, we have pooled them here to represent the joint distribution of these two similar looking species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species appears to be widely distributed throughout the region of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2240E6AFE5748D21FCA6FEE25369FE0B" box="[781,882,441,467]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
in lower elevations of the Río Pachitea drainage and foothills of Cordillera Sira, extending to both the western and eastern versant. This species is common and can be locally abundant in disturbed forested habitats (locally known as “Purmas”) that surround, or are nearby, small streams, which collectively provide refugia from the midday heat and habitat for reproduction.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FB1DFD7E5587FDE7" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[1206,1436,549,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FB1DFD7E5587FDE7" box="[1206,1436,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Ameerega panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less commonly found in secondary and old-growth forests. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FC39FD125439FDBB" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[914,1058,585,611]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FC39FD125439FDBB" box="[914,1058,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were frequently observed calling on leaves
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E5748D21FEADFD37514CFD5F" box="[262,343,620,647]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5-1m</quantity>
|
||
above ground. Populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FD07FD365320FD5F" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[684,827,621,647]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FD07FD365320FD5F" box="[684,827,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
observed at the Panguana Biological Research Station from December to February in
|
||
<date id="943A0E8DE5748D21FE5AFDCA528DFD73" box="[497,662,657,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2003" valueMax="2007">2003 and 2007</date>
|
||
were most active between 05:00 to 09:00 and 16:00 to 18:00 (K. Siu- Ting, pers. obs.). This species commonly co-occurs with three other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FC3EFDEE541EFD17" box="[917,1029,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FC3EFDEE541EFD17" box="[917,1029,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FBC7FDEE54F6FD17" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1132,1261,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FBC7FDEE54F6FD17" box="[1132,1261,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FB50FDEE557DFD17" baseAuthorityName="Silverstone" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1275,1382,693,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FB50FDEE557DFD17" box="[1275,1382,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FF3CFD825111FD2B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,266,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FF3CFD825111FD2B" box="[151,266,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9C34924E5748D21FEBAFD8251BBFD2B" box="[273,416,729,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FE02FD82526EFD2B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[425,629,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FE02FD82526EFD2B" box="[425,629,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Ameerega hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9C34924E5748D21FDD0FD82531DFD2B" box="[635,774,729,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is more easily detected than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FBE2FD8254C3FD2B" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[1097,1240,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FBE2FD8254C3FD2B" box="[1097,1240,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at most surveyed sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841555BCE5748D21FF7CFDA65161FCCF" author="Schluter, A." box="[215,378,765,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" pagination="149 - 161" refId="ref14173" refString="Schluter, A. (1980) Bio-akustische Untersuchungen an Dendrobatiden in einem begrenzten Gebiet des tropischen Regenwaldes von Peru (Amphibia: Salientia: Dendrobatidae). Salamandra, 16, 149 - 161." type="journal article" year="1980">Schlüter 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E03B284DE5748D21FF6CFC7B516FFBCB" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FF6CFC7B51A5FCE3" bold="true" box="[199,446,800,827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Following the IUCN Red List criteria 3.1 (IUCN 2012), we suggest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="278453CEE5748D21FB4DFC7A5563FCE3" authorityName="Brown & Siu-Ting & May & Twomey & Guillory & Deutsch & Chávez" authorityYear="2019" box="[1254,1400,801,827]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panguana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F0F45FE5748D21FB4DFC7A5563FCE3" box="[1254,1400,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. panguana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be listed as Vulnerable (VU) under the following criteria: (1) we estimate its extent of occurrence at
|
||
<quantity id="277C85A8E5748D21FAA9FC1E5575FC87" box="[1282,1390,837,863]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.37" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="km" value="9370.0">9,370 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="17F18505E5748D21FAC5FC1F556DFC8A" attach="left" box="[1390,1398,836,850]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">2</superScript>
|
||
(as pictured in
|
||
<figureCitation id="78BF34C8E5748D21FEB3FC325147FC5B" box="[280,348,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1896]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,481,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,481,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Known distribution of species in the A. rubriventris complex. Each distribution was created by applying a 20 km buffer to a minimum convex polygon surrounding the known localities of each species. An asterisk indicates samples confirmed with genetic data. Gray dots represent frogs collected as either A. hahneli and A. picta over the past decades; in much of southern Peru it is impossible to positively ascribe these localities to either species based on observation alone. Thus, we have pooled them here to represent the joint distribution of these two similar looking species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3587057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3587057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), and part of this range lies in a protected forest (San Matías San Carlos) and two communal reserves (El Sira and Yánesha) and a private concession area (ACP Panguana); (2) it occurs in undisturbed habitat and disturbed areas; (3) population sizes are unknown, but assumed to be large given the abundant forested habitats and tentative large range; (4) populations do not appear to be declining; and (5) demand for the pet trade is presumed to be moderate to low.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |