treatments-xml/data/09/A1/DE/09A1DEE4533F5A3986C06659DE594F50.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c4802ba-4c6b-47d2-9cb7-2aacb9f5c218" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" ID-ZooBank="9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-1-175" checkinTime="1683131457736" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aspoeck, Horst &amp; Aspoeck, Ulrike" docDate="2023" docId="09A1DEE4533F5A3986C06659DE594F50" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(1): 175-218" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559" docTitle="Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" masterDocTitle="The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1683132186139" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-3566</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria &amp; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4RKFV" LSID="09A1DEE4-533F-5A39-86C0-6659DE594F50" authority="(Hagen, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Hagen" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyprica" subGenus="Crassoraphidia">Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica (Hagen, 1867)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia cyprica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyprica">Raphidia cyprica</taxonomicName>
Hagen, 1867 (odescr): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspock &amp; U. Aspock" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia phoenicia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicia">Raphidia phoenicia</taxonomicName>
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
, 1964a (odescr): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hagen" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyprica" subGenus="Crassoraphidia">Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica</taxonomicName>
(Hagen): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 111" refId="B43" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1989. The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 15: 67 - 111" title="The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis." volume="15" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr, distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Canard, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera). Cairo, Egypt, 2 - 7 May 1994" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="31 - 86" refId="B37" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, 1996. The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta). In: Canard, M, Aspoeck, H, Mansell, MW, Eds., Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera). Cairo, Egypt, 2-7 May 1994: 31 - 86" title="The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta)." volumeTitle="Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology." year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hölzel">Hoelzel</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
(distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
(anncat); 
<bibRefCitation author="Dobosz, R" journalOrPublisher="Komitet Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Dobosz, R, 2007. Contribution to the knowledge of snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of Turkey. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum (Entomology) 14-15: 43-58." title="Contribution to the knowledge of snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of Turkey. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum (Entomology) 14 - 15: 43 - 58." year="2007">Dobosz 2007</bibRefCitation>
(distr, rec; ill: map); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
(cat, etymol), 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
(cat).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hagen" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma cyprica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyprica">Phaeostigma cyprica</taxonomicName>
(Hagen): 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
(phyl).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Crassoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassoraphidia cyprica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyprica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Crassoraphidia cyprica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, larva. Italy, Calabria, Sila Grande. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♀. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, ♂. Cyprus, Troodos Mountain. Foto: H. Aspoeck; e. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, ♂. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major; ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, larva. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi, larva. Greece, Pilion. Foto: H. Bruckner." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845501" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">3d</figureCitation>
) is closely related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. knappi" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="knappi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">C. knappi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it can be separated morphologically by slight differences of male and female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Larvae were repeatedly found under the bark of pine trees. Development two to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
years. Last hibernation stage: full-grown larva. Adults: IV-VI. Imagines were collected particularly on pine trees, in various light forests and forest-like habitats in altitudes from 1000-1850 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="records on mediterranean islands">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Records on Mediterranean islands</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. a. Records of Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, and of Ulrike syriaca, on Mediterranean islands; b. Records of species of the genus Subilla, S. confinis, S. artemis, S. principiae, and S. colossea, on Mediterranean islands." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845508" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10a</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Cyprus. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (C.) cyprica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyprica" subGenus="C.">Ph. (C.) cyprica</taxonomicName>
occurs in suitable habitats probably all over the island. Syntopic 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Raphidioptera</taxonomicName>
in Cyprus: 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steinmann" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Ulrike" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulrike syriaca" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syriaca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Ulrike syriaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Continental distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Lebanon.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biogeography">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biogeography.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Syrian (-Cyprian) faunal element. Most probably the refugial center was primarily somewhere in the Near East, from where the species invaded (passively) Cyprus. When and how this event may have happened, is unknown; it could have been during the last glacial period and/or possibly much later in the Holocene, perhaps even (repeatedly) by humans. Specimens from Cyprus cannot be differentiated morphologically from specimens from Near East. One may assume that genomic studies will lead to a better understanding.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>