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181 lines
21 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618981" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53d83d32-58bd-4230-83cd-c0b6ee8fa560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120621554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618981" checkinTime="1462380772451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala" docDate="2016" docId="AE1287CFFF999C74A5E3C284FC370B3C" docLanguage="en" docName="feldhaar_et_al_2016_sociobiology_crematogaster_macaranga_revision.pdf" docOrigin="Sociobiology 63 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Crematogaster decamera Forel" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="662" masterDocId="522BFFB7FF939C7FA562C74AFFDC081F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula" masterLastPageNumber="681" masterPageNumber="651" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" updateTime="1635526472509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heike Feldhaar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ulrich Maschwitz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brigitte Fiala</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sociobiology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>651</mods:start>
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<mods:end>681</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">53d83d32-58bd-4230-83cd-c0b6ee8fa560</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269814</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">28CD6B09-5459-4EA2-BC4E-5B14322F676D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618981" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120621554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE1287CFFF999C74A5E3C284FC370B3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE1287CFFF999C74A5E3C284FC370B3C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="662" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<subSubSection box="[129,466,1485,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,466,1485,1510]" box="[129,466,1485,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[129,466,1485,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decamera">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,404,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Crematogaster decamera</emphasis>
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Forel
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[129,529,1531,1555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,529,1531,1555]" box="[129,529,1531,1555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel, 1910" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1910" box="[129,529,1531,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decamera">
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<emphasis box="[129,399,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Crematogaster decamera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A." box="[406,529,1531,1555]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" pagination="6 - 32" part="54" refString="Forel, A. (1910). Glanures myrmecologiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 54: 6 - 32." title="Glanures myrmecologiques" type="journal article" year="1910">Forel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="661" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,1600,1694]" box="[129,384,1600,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[129,384,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Type material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,1600,1694]" box="[204,783,1635,1659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel, 1910" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1910" box="[204,586,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decamera">
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<emphasis box="[204,455,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Crematogaster decamera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A." box="[465,579,1635,1659]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" pagination="6 - 32" part="54" refString="Forel, A. (1910). Glanures myrmecologiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 54: 6 - 32." title="Glanures myrmecologiques" type="journal article" year="1910">Forel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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Syntypes, 1 worker,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,1600,1694]" box="[129,725,1670,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">1 queen, Sarawak (Borneo), Malaysia (Haviland) (MHNG).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,1740,2006]" box="[129,233,1740,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[129,233,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Lectotype</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,1740,2006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Queen of syntype series (upper individual on pin, designated as lectotype in collection by a blue cardboard label on pin)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="662" pageId="10" pageNumber="661" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[129,783,1740,2006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">CI 1.03, DPPW 0.42, DPW 0.38, EL 0.39, HL 1.32, HW 1.36, LHT 1.07, MTW 1.05, OD1 0.2, OD2 0.1, OW 0.14, PI 0.90, REL 0.30, RLEG 0.47, ROD 0.154, ROD2 0.082, SI 0.53, SL 0.71, (TL 7.8), WL 2.27</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,131,363]" box="[828,978,131,155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[828,978,131,155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Paralectotype</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,131,363]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Worker (upper individual on pin, designated as paralectotype in collection by a blue cardboard label on pin)</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,131,363]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">CI 0.96, DPPW 0.22, DPW 0.19, EL 0.13, HL 0.75, HW 0.72, LHT 0.66, (LPS not measured, no spines), MTW 0.44, PI 0.86, REL 0.18, RLEG 0.71, SI 0.71, SL 0.51, (TL 3.5), WL 0.94</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,408,606]" box="[828,1096,408,432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[828,1096,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Other material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,408,606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[903,1128,443,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Peninsula Malaysia</emphasis>
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: Belum (B. Fiala), Gombak (H. Feldhaar), Frasers Hills (B. Fiala).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1212,1402,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Sabah (Borneo):</emphasis>
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Poring Hot Spring (H. Feldhaar, B. Fiala).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1210,1428,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Sarawak (Borneo):</emphasis>
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near Lambir Hills National Park (B. Fiala, U. Moog), Matang (B. Fiala), near Mulu National Park (B. Fiala)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,651,848]" box="[828,1152,651,675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[828,1152,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Worker measurements (n= 12)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1482,651,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">CI 0.95-1.0, DPPW 0.15-0.22, DPW 0.15-0.21, EL 0.09-0.13, HL 0.51-0.75, HW 0.5-0.74, LHT 0.44-0.77, (LPS not measured, no spines), MTW 0.31-0.44, PI 0.861-1.0, REL 0.15-0.2, RLEG 0.71-0.85, SI 0.68-0.76, SL 0.36-0.51, (TL 2.4-3.6), WL 0.62-0.94</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1032,894,918]" box="[828,1032,894,918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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<emphasis box="[828,1032,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Worker description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1483,963,1992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Colour medium to dark brown with head and gaster a slightly darker shade than the alitrunk. Workers monomorphic in size. Total body length of workers 2.4 mm to 3.6 mm. Head and gaster shiny with smooth surface, alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head, gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. Only few setae on alitrunk and one pair each on petiole and postpetiole. Head subquadratic but slightly elongated (CI ≤1.0), usually longer than wide and only slightly rounded on sides. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex and with a row of long erect setae projecting anteriorly. Occipital margin straight, occipital lobes rounded. Mandibles relatively short and with four denticles, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Denticles increasing continuously in size from most proximate to most distal denticle. Surface of mandibles smooth, covered with short pubescent hairs. Antennae are relatively long in comparison with head width (SI 0.68-0.78; mean 0.72) and covered in short, pubescent hair. Terminal two funicular segments form a club, sometimes the terminal three segments are clubbed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1483,963,1992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">Compound eyes elliptically shaped and not protruding over margin of head in full-face view. Pronotum and mesonotum form a convex dome in profile. Anterodorsal surface of pronotum sloping downwards less steep than posterodorsal surface of mesonotum. Metanotal groove slightly notched and clearly developed, whereas promesonotal suture visible but not prominent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[828,1483,963,1992]" lastBlockId="11.[106,760,131,328]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="662" pageId="10" pageNumber="661">
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Propodeal spines always absent (Fig S1.5C and S1.5D). A nodiform elevation may be present above the propodeal spiracle, albeit not very prominent. Slope of the posterior face of the propodeum similar to posterior slope of mesonotum and approximately 45°. Legs are relatively long in comparison to alitrunk length (RLEG: 0.71-0.85). Node of petiole in dorsal view rounded and distinctly longer than wide, postpetiolar node also rounded, distinctly shorter and usually wider than node of petiole (PI 0.86-1.0). Subpetiolar process usually absent. (See
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<tableCitation box="[106,183,304,328]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[130,193,131,155]" captionTargetBox="[130,1482,181,1302]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Overview of most distinct morphological characters of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster (borneensis - group) species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" tableUuid="72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for comparative overview of worker characters.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,760,401,632]" box="[106,416,401,425]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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<emphasis box="[106,416,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Queen measurements (n=14)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,760,401,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">CI 0.96-1.05, DPPW 0.39-0.46, DPW 0.37-0.44, EL 0.39-0.45, HL 1.21-1.42, HW 1.16-1.41, LHT 0.83-1.08, MTW 0.9-1.06, OD1 0.15-0.2, OD2 0.08-0.1, OW 0.11-0.14, PI 0.88-1.0, REL 0.29-0.35, RLEG 0.4-0.47, ROD 0.119- 0.155, ROD2 0.056-0.082, SI 0.48-0.57, SL 0.7-0.75, (TL 6.5-7.8), WL 2.08-2.37</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,761,670,2011]" box="[106,302,670,694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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<emphasis box="[106,302,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Queen description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,761,670,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Queens relatively small with total body length from a 6.5 to 7.8 mm and uniformly dark brown in colour. Surface of head and gaster smooth and shiny, alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. A row of long erect setae pointing anterior present on the clypeus. Mandibles relatively short, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,761,670,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Head subquadratic, usually approximately as wide as long (CI: 0.96-1.05; mean 1.01). Sides of the head only very slightly convex, occipital margin of the head slightly concave. Occipital lobes rounded.Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex. Terminal four segments of funiculus continuously increasing in size forming an indistinct antennal club. Antennal scrobes strongly developed, with an acute and marked dorsal margin; the frontal carinae short.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,761,670,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Compound eyes small (ranging from 0.39-0.45 mm) and usually span less than one third of HL (REL 0.29-0.35). Compound eyes round to oval-shaped from lateral view and convex from dorsal view (see Fig 3.6; Fig S1.5A and S1.5B) with margins of compound eyes protruding over margin of head. Ocelli relatively small in diameter. Diameter of the median ocellus smaller than the distance between the lateral ocelli.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,761,670,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Mesoscutum convexly rounded anterodorsally. Mesoscutellum nearly in horizontal plane in lateral view. Propodeum flattened dorsally and then drops off at an angle of approximately 45° posterior of the propodeal spiracle. Mesoscutum stretches out over less than half of the alitrunk in lateral view. In dorsal view, the posterior margin of the propodeum forms a straight line and the mesonotum is broadly triangular. Propodeum not armed with spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[106,761,670,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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Petiole in dorsal view elongate and not concavely rounded on sides and always less wide than postpetiole (PI: 0.88-1.0). Petiole anterodorsally flattened in lateral view and sloping downwards and distinctly longer than the postpetiole. Postpetiole round in dorsal view. (See
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<tableCitation box="[508,586,1952,1976]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[130,193,131,155]" captionTargetBox="[130,1482,181,1302]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Overview of most distinct morphological characters of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster (borneensis - group) species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" tableUuid="72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for comparative overview of queen characters.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="662" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[805,1069,131,155]" box="[805,1069,131,155]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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<emphasis box="[805,1069,131,155]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[805,1460,190,803]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[866,1196,190,214]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decamera">
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<emphasis box="[866,1135,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Crematogaster decamera</emphasis>
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Forel
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</taxonomicName>
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has a large distributional range and occurs in all geographic regions of the
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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Macaranga-
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<taxonomicName box="[805,964,259,282]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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association (Peninsula Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo). Queens of
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<taxonomicName box="[1029,1302,294,318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decamera">
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<emphasis box="[1029,1302,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Crematogaster decamera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only colonize saplings, and colonies have an early onset of reproduction. On Peninsula Malaysia several colonies were found that had turned secondarily polygynous or at least contained several mated queens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[805,1460,190,803]" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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This species colonizes glaucous hosts of the section
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<taxonomicName authority="Blume, 1826" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1826" box="[805,944,502,526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Pachystemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[805,944,502,526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Pachystemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">
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<taxonomicName box="[1007,1160,502,526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccariana">M. beccariana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1168,1306,502,525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="constricta">M. constricta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1314,1455,502,526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havilandii">M. havilandii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[805,951,536,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypoleuca">M. hypoleuca</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[962,1107,536,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyana">M. motleyana</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). It can be distinguished from all other species based on workers only by the complete lack of propodeal spines. Queens from Peninsula Malaysia tend to be smaller than from Borneo, with the largest individuals observed in Sarawak (e.g. mean HW: 1.22 in Peninsula Malaysia (n=6) and 1.35 in Sarawak (n=4)). In earlier publications by our group this species was referred to as
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<taxonomicName box="[1120,1277,745,768]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1120,1277,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="662">Crematogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphospecies 6 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fiala, B. & Jakob, A. & Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E." box="[812,988,779,803]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="662" pagination="305 - 331" part="66" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-" refString="Fiala, B., Jakob, A., Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E. (1999). Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66: 305 - 331. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1999. tb 01893. x" title="Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia" type="journal article" year="1999">Fiala et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |