805 lines
100 KiB
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805 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="4F409B2375D2FE936F39D5B4A915F6F9" ID-CLB-Dataset="7627" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.438.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dde09a91-0a09-4f99-a10f-7bf4d47ba7b7" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4613901" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997249597" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Kallal, Robert J. & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2020" docId="881F35527625A300FD436887FE9FFDD0" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2020.438.1-107.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2020 (438)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2020/issue-438/0003-0090.438.1.1/Taxonomy-and-Phylogenetics-of-Nanometinae-and-Other-Australasian-Orb-Weaving/10.1206/0003-0090.438.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Nanometa gentilis Simon 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="74264D2A7635A314FF9F6948FFEAFFF3" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy And Phylogenetics Of Nanometinae And Other Australasian Orb-Weaving Spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1698933942376" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="75CE7E9AD62C03561E4D5BA10C2EDC34">Taxonomy And Phylogenetics Of Nanometinae And Other Australasian Orb-Weaving Spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F39A1BC8B0FE21A9AB8F6D5F91A9B53E">Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FD55B0DFFCD1B2F01026004280F314D">Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A26E6C1634E8E698B3BA87DCCB14BACE">Kallal, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9AA7D348E534C731B11A120CCC1D88C0">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83DC8C403A0721E9E94B40F48081FA30">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6ED046AF0BE0B78CBDF1D28EA64DCB83">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:part id="4000AC3FECCF4A91BDBCB1969FDEED13">
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<mods:date id="14F441E0FB6C233A1B4E5A468B92E10F">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0F9BF1BDF1341E97395C9997441DAE4D">2020-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FB4104ED59321F02DF151460DA6E5F79">2020</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EC33057297D73F932A542BF8DAFE0B6E">438</mods:number>
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<treatment id="881F35527625A300FD436887FE9FFDD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631719" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180671005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631719" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:881F35527625A300FD436887FE9FFDD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/881F35527625A300FD436887FE9FFDD0" lastPageId="20" pageId="16">
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<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7625A304FD436887FB64FE14" box="[732,1166,462,487]" pageId="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="000984447625A304FD436887FB64FE14" blockId="16.[684,1202,428,692]" box="[732,1166,462,487]" pageId="16">
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<heading id="5B4133287625A304FD436887FB64FE14" box="[732,1166,462,487]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD436887FCFAFE15" box="[732,784,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="16">meta</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FC876886FC1AFE14" ID-CoL="45N3D" authority="Simon, 1908" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[792,1008,462,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FC876886FC8BFE15" box="[792,865,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="16">gentilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FCF76886FC1AFE14" author="Simon, E." box="[872,1008,462,487]" pageId="16" pagination="359 - 446" refId="ref48555" refString="Simon, E. 1908. Araneae. 1 re partie. In W. Michaelsen and R. Hartmeyer (editors), Die Fauna Sudwest- Australiens. Jena 1: 359 - 446." type="journal article" year="1908">Simon, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7625A304FD3368B8FBC0FD47" pageId="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="000984447625A304FD3368B8FC6DFDBE" blockId="16.[684,1202,428,692]" pageId="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20A6A36A7625A304FD3368B8FC6DFDBE" pageId="16">
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<treatmentCitation id="8117A2557625A304FD3368B8FC08FDFB" author="Strand" box="[684,994,496,521]" page="346" pageId="16" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD3368B8FC08FDFB" authority="Strand, 1912: 346" authorityName="Strand" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1912" box="[684,994,496,521]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Eryciniolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD3368B8FCF7FDFB" box="[684,797,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="16">Eryciniolia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FCBA68B8FC08FDFB" author="Strand" box="[805,994,496,521]" pageId="16" pagination="346" refId="ref48619" refString="Strand, 1912. Drei neue Gattungsnamen in Arachnida. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben 5: 346." type="journal article" year="1912">Strand, 1912: 346</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="DF0D3AE67625A304FC7368B9FBCAFDFA" box="[1004,1056,497,521]" pageId="16">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD436B5BFB4CFDD8" authority="Urquhart, 1889" authorityName="Urquhart" authorityYear="1889" box="[732,1190,531,555]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpura-punctata">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD436B5BFC11FDD9" box="[732,1019,531,555]" italics="true" pageId="16">Linyphia purpura-punctata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FB9D6B5BFB4CFDD8" author="Urquhart, A. T." box="[1026,1190,531,555]" pageId="16" pagination="134 - 152" refId="ref48664" refString="Urquhart, A. T. 1889. On new species of Araneida. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 21: 134 - 152." type="journal article" year="1889">Urquhart, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. New synonymy.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="000984447625A304FD336B1FFBC0FD47" blockId="16.[684,1202,428,692]" pageId="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD336B1FFBD5FD9C" authority="Marusik and Omelko, 2017" authorityName="Marusik and Omelko" authorityYear="2017" box="[684,1087,599,623]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD336B1FFCE5FD9C" box="[684,783,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FC896B1FFBD5FD9C" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[790,1087,599,623]" pageId="16" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF0D3AE67625A304FBD56B1FFB94FD9C" box="[1098,1150,599,623]" pageId="16">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FC8E6B31FC9FFD40" ID-CoL="46497" authority="Marusik and Omelko, 2017" authorityName="Marusik and Omelko" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehtineni">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FC8E6B31FC3FFD62" box="[785,981,633,657]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nediphya lehtineni</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FC426B31FC9FFD40" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" pageId="16" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. New synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7625A305FD536B87FF3AFC9D" lastPageId="17" pageId="16" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="000984447625A305FD536B87FF3AFC9D" blockId="16.[684,1212,719,1735]" lastBlockId="17.[108,637,226,1738]" lastPageId="17" pageId="16">
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DIAGNOSIS: The internal epigynal structures of
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD566BB9FCD3FCFB" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[713,825,753,776]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD566BB9FCD3FCFB" box="[713,825,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to those found in
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FB1E6BB9FD22FCDA" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FB1E6BB9FD22FCDA" italics="true" pageId="16">Taraire</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47625A304FC8F6A5AFC4CFCDA" box="[784,934,785,809]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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. The copulatory ducts of
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD336A7BFCF1FCB9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[684,795,819,842]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD336A7BFCF1FCB9" box="[684,795,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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are modified as membranous sacs and separated from the spermathecae, giving the appearance of four receptacles (figs. 9H, 11C, 13E). The accessory glands found in
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBD36ADEFB56FC5E" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1100,1212,918,941]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBD36ADEFB56FC5E" box="[1100,1212,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD406AFFFCC7FC3D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[735,813,951,974]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD406AFFFCC7FC3D" box="[735,813,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="16">Taraire</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were used to homologize the spermathecae; however, these accessory glands were not discussed in the description of
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBCA6AB1FC04FBC1" authority="(Marusik and Omelko, 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBCA6AB1FB56FBE2" box="[1109,1212,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FD2C6D52FC0CFBC1" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[691,998,1050,1074]" pageId="16" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FC666D52FB83FBC2" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1017,1129,1050,1073]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FC666D52FB83FBC2" box="[1017,1129,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
species can have the eyes in two (fig. 9G, I) or three rows (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FD2C6D14FBD0FB87" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[691,1082,1116,1140]" pageId="16" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017: 1–4</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 6–8). The AME are slightly reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FC796D36FB56FB66" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[998,1212,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
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||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FC796D36FB56FB66" box="[998,1212,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="16">N. purpurapunctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 26G, I), but that arrangement differs considerably from
|
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FCB06D88FC15FB24" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[815,1023,1215,1239]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehtineni">
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<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FCB06D88FC15FB24" box="[815,1023,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa lehtineni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in dorsal view, in which the PLE are enlarged (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57625A304FBBE6DA8FCA0FAEA" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" pageId="16" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 1–4). The posterior edge of the epigynum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FCF86C6BFC3CFAC9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[871,982,1315,1338]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FCF86C6BFC3CFAC9" box="[871,982,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
never extends below the epigastric furrow (fig. 10A, B), in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FD336C2DFD12FA8F" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[684,760,1381,1404]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FD336C2DFD12FA8F" box="[684,760,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="16">Taraire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the posterior edge extends beyond the epigastric furrow (fig. 47A, B).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBD46CCEFB56FA6E" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1099,1212,1414,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBD46CCEFB56FA6E" box="[1099,1212,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cymbial processes can be easily homologized with those of
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FCA06C80FBFAFA2C" box="[831,1040,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FCA06C80FC51FA13" box="[831,955,1480,1504]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pinkfloydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pinkfloydia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FC5B6C80FBFAFA2C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[964,1040,1480,1503]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Taraire</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBD46C80FB73FA13" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[1099,1177,1480,1504]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tawhai" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBD46C80FB73FA13" box="[1099,1177,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16">Tawhai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to many tetragnathids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBF76CA1FC84F9D1" authority="Simon, 1894" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Chrysometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBF76CA1FD0BF9D2" italics="true" pageId="16">Chrysometa</emphasis>
|
||
Simon, 1894
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FCE46F42FB81F9D1" authority="C. L. Koch, 1836" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[891,1131,1546,1570]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Meta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FCE46F42FC58F9D2" box="[891,946,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="16">Meta</emphasis>
|
||
C. L. Koch, 1836
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBE76F42FC11F9B0" authority="Chamberlin and Ivie, 1941" authorityName="Chamberlin and Ivie" authorityYear="1941" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Metellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBE76F42FD3FF9B0" italics="true" pageId="16">Metellina</emphasis>
|
||
Chamberlin and Ivie, 1941
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FBA86F63FB64F9B0" box="[1079,1166,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FBA86F63FB61F9B0" authorityName="Alvarez-Padilla" authorityYear="2007" box="[1079,1163,1579,1603]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Allende" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Allende</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The CEBP of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77625A304FC8E6F04FC6AF990" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[785,896,1612,1635]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567625A304FC8E6F04FC6AF990" box="[785,896,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="16">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is basal to the paracymbium and usually bears one to several spines (figs. 7B, 8A, 10F, 23E, F), the CEMP is a cuticular fold distal to the CEBP either covered with normal setae (figs. 7D, 10E), armed with modified structures as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FF77684BFE88FEE8" box="[232,354,259,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pinkfloydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FF77684BFE88FEE8" box="[232,354,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="17">Pinkfloydia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57624A305FEED684BFF49FECF" author="Dimitrov, D. & G. Hormiga" pageId="17" pagination="735 - 768" refId="ref47076" refString="Dimitrov, D., and G. Hormiga. 2011. An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 735 - 768." type="journal article" year="2011">Dimitrov and Hormiga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 8A, 13H) or as a tiny cuticular fold in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FFF3680EFED4FEAE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[108,318,325,349]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehtineni">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FFF3680EFED4FEAE" box="[108,318,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nanometa lehtineni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57624A305FED4680DFD93FEAE" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[331,633,325,349]" pageId="17" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 38, 39).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FF60682FFE85FE8D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[255,367,359,382]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FF60682FFE85FE8D" box="[255,367,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males can be separated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FE8F68C0FEB7FE6C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[272,349,392,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FE8F68C0FEB7FE6C" box="[272,349,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="17">Taraire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FEF268CFFE56FE6C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[365,444,391,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tawhai" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FEF268CFFE56FE6C" box="[365,444,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="17">Tawhai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FE6068C0FDB2FE6C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[511,600,392,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Iamarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FE6068C0FDB2FE6C" box="[511,600,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="17">Iamarra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of basal embolic apophyses (figs. 49A–C, 54A–C, 59C, D) and by the conductor formed by a flat coiled sclerite with sclerotized margins and translucent middle section (fig. 10C); this structure is folded in the latter two genera (figs. 46A, B, 49A, 50B).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FE586B06FDDDFD96" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[455,567,590,613]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FE586B06FDDDFD96" box="[455,567,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males can be further separated from other tetragnathids by the presence of a stridulatory organ on the booklung cuticle that probably interacts with several cusps on the retrolateral surface of coxa IV (figs. 20F, 26F, 30C). The small size is no longer a useful diagnostic feature for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FE486A5CFDACFCD8" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[471,582,788,811]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FE486A5CFDACFCD8" box="[471,582,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the addition of some of these new species (
|
||
<quantity id="C74E29A17624A305FDD36A7DFF2FFC9D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="17" unit="mm" value="6.1" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="2.7">2.7– 9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7624A306FF136A3FFB86FDD0" lastPageId="18" pageId="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447624A305FF136A3FFC74FA53" blockId="17.[108,637,226,1738]" lastBlockId="17.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="17">
|
||
DESCRIPTION: Female total length 2.3–8.8. Cephalothorax length 0.9–3.6, width 0.7–2.7. Carapace glabrous, background pale yellow to brown, cephalic region dark gray or brown, darker coloration tapering toward fovea, carapace margins outlined by the same pattern covering the cephalic region (figs. 9A, 18A, 36A). Fovea deep, triangular in shape or as a transverse line, carapace dorsal pits absent. Clypeus height 0.9–2.7 AME diameter, cuticle darker below median eyes and paler below lateral eyes (figs. 9G, 36I, J). AME slightly larger than PME; except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FF176C4DFEB7FAEF" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[136,349,1285,1308]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FF176C4DFEB7FAEF" box="[136,349,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has reduced AME. Lateral eyes juxtaposed on a tubercle (separated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FF176C0FFEB1FAAD" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[136,347,1351,1374]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FF176C0FFEB1FAAD" box="[136,347,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), one AME diameter apart from median eyes and approximately half that size. Chelicerae with few scattered setae, cuticle smooth, without ventral stridulatory ridges. Promargin with three teeth, retromargin with none to two, cheliceral denticles present. Endites longer than wide, dark brown, internal margins lighter in coloration. Labium rectangular, wider than long, colored as endites. Sternum yellowish to dark brown, trapezoidal in shape, wider between first two legs (figs. 9E, 18C, 21E). Abdomen dorsum covered with silvery guanine patches, background either brown or gray. Silvery guanine patches in small species cover the entire abdominal dorsum giving a shiny appearance; larger species’ patches are isolated in spots giving a less shiny appearance when alive (figs. 9A, 14A, 36A). Venter with a central dark longitudinal rectangle flanked by two parallel lines of guanine patches (figs. 9E, 18C, 20E) (pattern less conspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FCCB68A3FBA5FDF1" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[852,1103,491,514]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FCCB68A3FBA5FDF1" box="[852,1103,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nanometa tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: fig. 21E). Lateral surfaces with either a complete longitudinal area of guanine patches, or this area interrupted with a reticulated pattern either dark gray or dark brown (figs. 9C, 26C, 36E). Booklung covers without stridulatory organs, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FB3D6BD8FD17FD3B" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasini">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FB3D6BD8FD17FD3B" italics="true" pageId="17">N. sarasini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 14H). Spinnerets pale gray to brown, lighter pattern on internal surfaces. Leg formula 1-2-4-3; femur I length 1.1–6.9; first pair considerably larger, all leg segments from pale yellow to dark brown, decorated with transverse darkbrown lines or dark spots, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77624A305FBAB6A1FFB99FC9D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[1076,1139,854,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fea">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567624A305FBAB6A1FFB99FC9D" box="[1076,1139,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. fea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has all legs entirely dark brown (fig. 15C). Femora with few setae, other segments increasingly hirsute after tibiae. Macrosetae few and present on all segments except tarsus. Epigynum flat, rectangular in shape and wider than long; copulatory openings visible in ventral view and located laterally on the epigynal plate (figs. 10A, B, 11A, B, 14D); size and shape of these openings are species diagnostic. Copulatory ducts modified as membranous sacs that connect to spermathecae via two longitudinal sclerotized ducts (fig. 13E). Spermathecae sclerotization variable, but differentiated from the “copulatory sacs” by a cluster of accessory gland ducts (figs. 20H, 23C, D). Fertilization ducts short, well sclerotized, and originating near the cluster of accessory gland ducts (figs. 13E, 23C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447624A306FD536CE1FE56FCF8" blockId="17.[684,1213,226,1738]" lastBlockId="18.[108,637,226,1738]" lastPageId="18" pageId="17">Male same as female except as noted. Total length 2.0–8.1. Cephalothorax length 1.0–3.2, width 0.8–2.0. Carapace dorsal coloration lighter than female. Clypeus height 1.0–1.5 AME diameter. Chelicerae slightly longer and narrower apically, dorsal cuticle smooth, becoming rugose toward ectal and apical surfaces (figs. 9I, 14I, 26I); ventral cuticle without stridulatory organs (fig. 21H). Abdomen pattern as in female but lighter. Legs: Femur I length 1.6–10.1. Coloration and patterns weaker than in female. Pedipalp: Tibia triangular in shape and usually longer than wide, 1.4–3.75 times, apical margin wider (figs. 13A, 19A). CEBP with one to three apophyses, paracymbium hook or finger shaped either hirsute or glabrous; CEMP small, apical portion as a rounded blunt apophysis; cymbial distal process variable in size and shape (figs. 13C, 15D, 29C). Tegulum donut shaped and compressed dorsoventrally. Embolus and conductor attachment membranous, at the center of the tegulum (figs. 13A, B, 22A, B). Conductor spirals clockwise, margins heavily sclerotized, middle section membranous and expandible (figs. 10C–F, 13A, B). Conductor apical apophyses of variable shape (figs. 10C, D, 19A–C, 23G, H).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447627A306FF136A5CFD97FB64" blockId="18.[108,637,226,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
COMPOSITION:
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FEA36A5DFF7CFCBE" italics="true" pageId="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FEA36A5DFDEDFCDF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[316,519,788,812]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">Nanometa gentilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD886A5DFF7CFCBE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">N. trivittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FF396A7EFEDBFCBE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[166,305,821,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FF396A7EFEDBFCBE" box="[166,305,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. lagenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FEDF6A7EFE5FFCBE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[320,437,822,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasini">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FEDF6A7EFE5FFCBE" box="[320,437,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. sarasini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FE5A6A7EFF7DFC9D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FE5A6A7EFF7DFC9D" italics="true" pageId="18">N. purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FF376A1FFEBDFC9D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[168,343,855,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FF376A1FFEBDFC9D" box="[168,343,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FEF86A1FFE46FC9D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[359,428,854,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fea">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FEF86A1FFE46FC9D" box="[359,428,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. fea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FE236A1FFDBBFC9D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[444,593,855,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracaena">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FE236A1FFDBBFC9D" box="[444,593,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. tetracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FDFD6A1FFF3EFC7C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dutrorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FDFD6A1FFF3EFC7C" italics="true" pageId="18">N. dutrorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FF7C6A30FEBBFC7C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[227,337,887,911]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forsteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FF7C6A30FEBBFC7C" box="[227,337,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. forsteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FE0C6A30FDF3FC7C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[403,537,887,911]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimitrovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FE0C6A30FDF3FC7C" box="[403,537,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. dimitrovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(all presented in the current paper), as well as the taxa formerly included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FECD6AF1FE5DFC22" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[338,439,953,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FECD6AF1FE5DFC22" box="[338,439,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FE5C6AF2FD96FC22" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[451,636,953,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippai" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FE5C6AF2FD96FC22" box="[451,636,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa hippai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29F1E52D7627A306FFF36A92FF01FC01" box="[108,235,986,1010]" pageId="18" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FF646A93FE94FC01" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[251,382,986,1010]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehtineni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FF646A93FE94FC01" box="[251,382,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. lehtineni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29F1E52D7627A306FE156A92FDE0FC01" box="[394,522,986,1010]" pageId="18" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD866A93FD96FC01" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[537,636,986,1010]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyleae" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FD866A93FD96FC01" box="[537,636,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. lyleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29F1E52D7627A306FFF36AB3FF0DFBE0" box="[108,231,1019,1043]" pageId="18" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FEB06AB4FE49FBE0" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[303,419,1019,1043]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padillai" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FEB06AB4FE49FBE0" box="[303,419,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. padillai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29F1E52D7627A306FE336AB3FDCCFBE0" box="[428,550,1019,1043]" pageId="18" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Several small sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FF626D55FE9AFBC7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[253,368,1053,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FF626D55FE9AFBC7" box="[253,368,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species remain undescribed; the species diversity of the smaller species seems to exceed that of the larger (perhaps more conspicuous and frequently collected) taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447627A306FF136DE9FB86FDD0" blockId="18.[108,637,226,1738]" lastBlockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
SYSTEMATICS: The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FE6A6DE9FD8EFB4B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[501,612,1185,1208]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FE6A6DE9FD8EFB4B" box="[501,612,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by the following morphological synapomorphies: branched median tracheal trunks (figs. 11D, 30D); males with a sclerotized ridge on the anterior part of the booklung cover, presumably part of a stridulatory organ with a plectrum on the fourth coxae consisting of small teeth (figs. 20F, 30C) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57627A306FEFF6CC0FD92FA53" author="Forster, R. R. & L. Forster" box="[352,632,1416,1440]" pageId="18" refId="ref47323" refString="Forster, R. R., and L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and Their Worldwide Kin. Dunedin: University of Otago Press." type="book" year="1999">Forster and Forster, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57627A306FFF36CE2FE1FFA32" author="Alvarez-Padilla, F. & G. Hormiga" box="[108,501,1449,1477]" pageId="18" pagination="713 - 879" refId="ref46462" refString="Alvarez-Padilla, F., and G. Hormiga. 2011. Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162: 713 - 879." type="journal article" year="2011">Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); absence of embolic apophysis; conductor morphology as a curved, flattened translucent disk, with an enlarged and folded margin that covers the embolus distal part (figs. 10C, D, 11E, F, 13C); and copulatory ducts modified as sacs (figs. 9H, 11C, 13E). Kallal and Hormiga’s (2018) recent phylogenetic analysis included both large and small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FF276FFAFEC1F93A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[184,299,1714,1737]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FF276FFAFEC1F93A" box="[184,299,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and supported the monophyly of the genus. These authors also found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD66684BFC9FFEE8" box="[761,885,259,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pinkfloydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FD66684BFC9FFEE8" box="[761,885,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="18">Pinkfloydia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be sister to a clade with remaining nanometines, with good support (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57627A306FB13686CFC48FEAE" author="Kallal, R. J. & G. Hormiga" pageId="18" pagination="400 - 422" refId="ref47683" refString="Kallal, R. J., and G. Hormiga. 2018. An expanded molecular phylogeny of metaine spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with description of new taxa from Taiwan and the Philippines. Invertebrate Systematics 32: 400 - 422." type="journal article" year="2018">Kallal and Hormiga, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57627A306FBC8680DFCC5FE8D" author="Dimitrov, D." pageId="18" pagination="221 - 250" refId="ref47168" refString="Dimitrov, D., et al. 2017. Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new familyrank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea). Cladistics 33: 221 - 250." type="journal article" year="2017">Dimitrov et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC43682FFBC3FE8D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[988,1065,359,382]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC43682FFBC3FE8D" box="[988,1065,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="18">Taraire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see description below) is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC0168CFFBDAFE6C" authorityName="FORSTER AND FORSTER" authorityYear="1999" box="[926,1072,391,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nanometinae">Nanometinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with low support. Our analysis elaborates on that latter work, focusing on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC1E6882FC1BFE12" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[897,1009,458,481]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC1E6882FC1BFE12" box="[897,1009,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other tetragnathid taxa found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FC3768A2FBE5FDF1" box="[936,1039,490,514]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FB8168A3FB52FDF1" box="[1054,1208,490,514]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FD336B44FCBCFDD0" box="[684,854,523,547]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="18">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FC0D6B44FB82FDD0" box="[914,1128,523,547]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="18">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7627A306FD536B64FBABFD54" pageId="18" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447627A306FD536B64FBABFD54" blockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY: Simon did not explain this genus name, but very likely it means the dwarf
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FD336B27FD00FD75" box="[684,746,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD336B27FD0CFD75" box="[684,742,623,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Meta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a common etymological root in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FBF36B27FCE0FD54" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1866" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetragnathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
referencing the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FB9B6BD8FBD1FD54" box="[1028,1083,656,679]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Meta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FB9B6BD8FBD1FD54" box="[1028,1083,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="18">Meta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7627A306FD536BF9FC37FA53" pageId="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447627A306FD536BF9FBC8FBA6" blockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FCE76BF9FC02FD3B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[888,1000,689,712]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FCE76BF9FC02FD3B" box="[888,1000,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are distributed throughout Australasia, and many seem to be endemic to the islands included in this region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD336A5DFC6FFCD8" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[684,901,788,812]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FD336A5DFC6FFCD8" box="[684,901,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC5E6A5DFBADFCDF" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[961,1095,788,812]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimitrovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC5E6A5DFBADFCDF" box="[961,1095,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. dimitrovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found only in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FCF26A7DFC3FFCBE" box="[877,981,821,845]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC776A7EFB77FCBE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[1000,1181,822,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC776A7EFB77FCBE" box="[1000,1181,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found only in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C2724AA67627A306FCCA6A1EFC2BFC9D" box="[853,961,854,878]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="18">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC506A1FFB56FC9D" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[975,1212,855,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracaena">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC506A1FFB56FC9D" box="[975,1212,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa tetracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD7D6A30FC9BFC7C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[738,881,887,911]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dutrorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FD7D6A30FC9BFC7C" box="[738,881,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. dutrorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C2724AA67627A306FB836A3FFB6CFC7C" box="[1052,1158,887,911]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="18">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
and mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FC826AD0FC6AFC43" box="[797,896,920,944]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 37).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC6E6AD1FB56FC43" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1009,1212,921,944]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasini">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC6E6AD1FB56FC43" box="[1009,1212,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa sarasini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FCD36AF2FC12FC22" box="[844,1016,953,977]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="18">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FB9A6AF2FD3DFC01" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FB9A6AF2FD3DFC01" italics="true" pageId="18">N. purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FD776A93FC9FFC01" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[744,885,986,1010]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FD776A93FC9FFC01" box="[744,885,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. lagenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC246A93FBA9FC01" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[955,1091,986,1010]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimitrovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC246A93FBA9FC01" box="[955,1091,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. dimitrovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found only in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FC986AB4FC75FBE0" box="[775,927,1019,1043]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FBE66AB4FCA8FBC7" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="18">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC286D55FBE8FBC7" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[951,1026,1052,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fea">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC286D55FBE8FBC7" box="[951,1026,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. fea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FB856D55FB61FBC7" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1050,1163,1052,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippai">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FB856D55FB61FBC7" box="[1050,1163,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. hippai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FB3D6D55FCE2FBA6" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehtineni">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FB3D6D55FCE2FBA6" italics="true" pageId="18">N. lehtineni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC896D76FC99FBA6" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[790,883,1085,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC896D76FC99FBA6" box="[790,883,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. lyleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC356D76FBF6FBA6" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[938,1052,1085,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padillai">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC356D76FBF6FBA6" box="[938,1052,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="18">N. padillai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447627A306FD536D17FC37FA53" blockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
NATURAL HISTORY:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC2E6D17FBCBFB85" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[945,1057,1119,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC2E6D17FBCBFB85" box="[945,1057,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species build horizontal or vertical orb webs with open hubs in humid habitats, sometimes close to or over water bodies, such as streams. When resting, the front legs are stretched forward in a characteristic posture while the rear legs are directed caudally (figs. 1A, C, D, 2B, C, 3C, D) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57627A306FBA36C6DFCA9FAAD" author="Forster, R. R. & L. Forster" pageId="18" refId="ref47323" refString="Forster, R. R., and L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and Their Worldwide Kin. Dunedin: University of Otago Press." type="book" year="1999">Forster and Forster, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and all authors personal obs.). They occur in climates ranging from equatorial tropics to temperate forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48ACD7CF7627A300FD536CE1FE9FFDD0" lastPageId="20" pageId="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447627A307FD536CE1FDB0FC22" blockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" lastBlockId="19.[108,637,225,1738]" lastPageId="19" pageId="18">
|
||
REMARKS: The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77627A306FC5F6CE2FBDAFA32" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[960,1072,1450,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567627A306FC5F6CE2FBDAFA32" box="[960,1072,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57627A306FD516C82FC89FA11" author="Simon, E." box="[718,867,1482,1506]" pageId="18" pagination="359 - 446" refId="ref48555" refString="Simon, E. 1908. Araneae. 1 re partie. In W. Michaelsen and R. Hartmeyer (editors), Die Fauna Sudwest- Australiens. Jena 1: 359 - 446." type="journal article" year="1908">Simon (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to include a small tetragnathid species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C2724AA67627A306FCDB6CA4FBE5F9F0" box="[836,1039,1515,1539]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="18">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
; until now, the genus has remained monotypic. In an unpublished manuscript, the late Ray F. Forster planned to describe at least 40 additional species from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FC9B6F27FC83F974" box="[772,873,1647,1671]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FCE96F38FBE1F974" box="[886,1035,1647,1671]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47627A306FBD96F38FD00F95B" name="New Caledonia" pageId="18">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
among other Australasian islands, but he passed away before his work was finished. Urqu- hart (1891: 1951) erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD9669AAFDB6FF0A" box="[521,604,226,249]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lasaeidae" genus="Erycina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD9669AAFDB6FF0A" box="[521,604,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="19">Erycina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate a single species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE55684BFEF7FECF" authority="Urquhart, 1891" authorityName="Urquhart" authorityYear="1891" class="Bivalvia" family="Lasaeidae" genus="Erycina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE55684BFD97FEE8" box="[458,637,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="19">Erycina violacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FFF3686CFEF7FECF" author="Urquhart, A. T." box="[108,285,292,316]" pageId="19" pagination="128 - 189" refId="ref48717" refString="Urquhart, A. T. 1891. On new species of Araneae. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 23: 128 - 189." type="journal article" year="1891">Urquhart, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) unaware that he had already described two conspecifics under two different names (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FF51682EFF49FE6C" authority="Urquhart, 1889" authorityName="Urquhart" authorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FF51682EFE16FE8D" box="[206,508,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="19">Linyphia purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FD93682EFF49FE6C" author="Urquhart, A. T." pageId="19" pagination="134 - 152" refId="ref48664" refString="Urquhart, A. T. 1889. On new species of Araneida. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 21: 134 - 152." type="journal article" year="1889">Urquhart, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FF7C68CFFD9BFE6C" authority="Urquhart, 1889" authorityName="Urquhart" authorityYear="1889" box="[227,625,391,415]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FF7C68CFFE5DFE6C" box="[227,439,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="19">Linyphia nitidulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FE5E68CFFD9BFE6C" author="Urquhart, A. T." box="[449,625,391,415]" pageId="19" pagination="134 - 152" refId="ref48664" refString="Urquhart, A. T. 1889. On new species of Araneida. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 21: 134 - 152." type="journal article" year="1889">Urquhart, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Urquhart’s new genus name was preoccupied in Lepidoptera, Mollusca, and Reptilia, and so
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FFF368A2FEEEFDF1" author="Strand" box="[108,260,490,514]" pageId="19" pagination="346" refId="ref48619" refString="Strand, 1912. Drei neue Gattungsnamen in Arachnida. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben 5: 346." type="journal article" year="1912">Strand (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEE968A2FE00FDF1" box="[374,490,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="19">Ericyniolia</emphasis>
|
||
as a replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE8B6B44FE8CFDD0" box="[276,358,524,547]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lasaeidae" genus="Erycina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE8B6B44FE8CFDD0" box="[276,358,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="19">Erycina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FEEC6B43FDCCFDD0" author="Urquhart, A. T." box="[371,550,523,547]" pageId="19" pagination="128 - 189" refId="ref48717" refString="Urquhart, A. T. 1891. On new species of Araneae. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 23: 128 - 189." type="journal article" year="1891">Urquhart (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not give a justification for erecting the new genus nor did he provide a diagnosis.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FE366B06FDA3FD96" author="Forster, R. R." box="[425,585,589,613]" pageId="19" pagination="269 - 284" refId="ref47249" refString="Forster, R. R. 1980. Evolution of the tarsal organ, the respiratory system and the female genitalia in spiders. In J. Gruber (editor), 8. Internationaler Arachnologen-Kongress abgehalten an der Universitat fur Bodenkultur, Wien, 7 - 12. Juli 1980 / Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Arachnology Vienna 1980: 269 - 284. Vienna: H. Egermann." type="journal article" year="1980">Forster (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FFF36B27FE49FD74" author="Forster, R. R. & L. Forster" box="[108,419,622,647]" pageId="19" refId="ref47323" refString="Forster, R. R., and L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and Their Worldwide Kin. Dunedin: University of Otago Press." type="book" year="1999">Forster and Forster (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD9A6B26FD96FD75" box="[517,636,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="19">Ericyniolia</emphasis>
|
||
within nanometines (as “Eryciniolinae” in the former and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FF616BF9FE79FD3A" box="[254,403,689,713]" family="Nanometidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" rank="family">Nanometidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in the latter work). Our phylogenetic analysis places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE4B6B9AFF15FCF9" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Ericyniolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE4B6B9AFF15FCF9" italics="true" pageId="19">Ericyniolia purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE2F6BBBFDC8FCF9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[432,546,755,778]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE2F6BBBFDC8FCF9" box="[432,546,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (figs. 61–63), including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF0D3AE67626A307FE036A5CFE21FCDF" box="[412,459,788,812]" pageId="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FDB26A5CFF79FCBE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FDB26A5CFF79FCBE" italics="true" pageId="19">N. gentilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We circumscribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FEFE6A7EFE3AFCBE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[353,464,822,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEFE6A7EFE3AFCBE" box="[353,464,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monophyletic group that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE146A1FFDA9FC9D" box="[395,579,855,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Ericyniolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE146A1FFDA9FC9D" box="[395,579,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="19">purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FF396A3FFEF6FC7C" box="[166,284,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="19">Ericyniolia</emphasis>
|
||
becomes a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FFF36AD1FF31FC43" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[108,219,921,944]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FFF36AD1FF31FC43" box="[108,219,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maintaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FEE76AD0FE06FC43" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1912" box="[376,492,920,944]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Eryciniolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEE76AD0FE06FC43" box="[376,492,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="19">Eryciniolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate genus would render
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FED26AF2FE56FC22" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[333,444,954,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FED26AF2FE56FC22" box="[333,444,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paraphyletic).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447626A307FF136A93FE03F9D7" blockId="19.[108,637,225,1738]" pageId="19">
|
||
More recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FEA86A92FD91FC01" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[311,635,986,1010]" pageId="19" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FEC46AB3FE54FBE0" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[347,446,1019,1043]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEC46AB3FE54FBE0" box="[347,446,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to group four tetragnathid species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78A1C4D47626A307FEF66D55FDD6FBC7" box="[361,572,1052,1076]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="19">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Only in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF0D3AE67626A307FF256D76FF03FBA5" box="[186,233,1086,1110]" pageId="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FEF46D75FE3AFBA6" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[363,464,1085,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEF46D75FE3AFBA6" box="[363,464,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are both sexes known, with the remaining three species described from females only.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FEDD6D37FF71FB4B" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" pageId="19" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko (2017: 205)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FF6F6DE9FEB9FB4A" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[240,339,1185,1209]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FF6F6DE9FEB9FB4A" box="[240,339,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE386DE9FDD2FB4A" authorityName="FORSTER AND FORSTER" authorityYear="1999" box="[423,568,1185,1209]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nanometinae">Nanometinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the “complicated morphology of the copulatory organs.” They also considered that, based on the morphology of the copulatory organs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FDDD6C4CFF59FACE" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pinkfloydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FDDD6C4CFF59FACE" italics="true" pageId="19">Pinkfloydia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FF5E6C6DFED8FACE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1912" box="[193,306,1317,1341]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Eryciniolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FF5E6C6DFED8FACE" box="[193,306,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19">Eryciniolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FED66C6DFE45FACF" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[329,431,1317,1340]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FED66C6DFE45FACF" box="[329,431,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="19">Orsinome</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE5E6C6EFDFBFACE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[449,529,1318,1341]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasini">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE5E6C6EFDFBFACE" box="[449,529,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19">sarasini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FDA56C6EFEC7FAAD" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FDA56C6EFEC7FAAD" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FEE16C0EFE0EFAAE" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[382,484,1350,1373]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEE16C0EFE0EFAAE" box="[382,484,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="19">Orsinome</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE696C0EFDB1FAAD" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[502,603,1350,1374]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE696C0EFDB1FAAD" box="[502,603,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="19">lagenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FFF36C20FEB9FA8C" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[108,339,1383,1407]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FFF36C20FEB9FA8C" box="[108,339,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa lagenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) could not be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FFF36CC0FF15FA53" authorityName="FORSTER AND FORSTER" authorityYear="1999" box="[108,255,1416,1440]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nanometinae">Nanometinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FE376CC0FF35FA32" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" pageId="19" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko’s (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assessment that the genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FDDD6CE1FF4AFA11" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FDDD6CE1FF4AFA11" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar to those of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD976C83FD9BFA11" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[520,625,1483,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD976C83FD9BFA11" box="[520,625,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="19">Orsinome</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FFF36CA4FF54F9F0" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Berland" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[108,190,1516,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasini">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FFF36CA4FF54F9F0" box="[108,190,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19">sarasini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE976CA4FE9AF9F0" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[264,368,1516,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE976CA4FE9AF9F0" box="[264,368,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19">Orsinome</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FE1A6CA3FE06F9F0" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[389,492,1515,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FE1A6CA3FE06F9F0" box="[389,492,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19">lagenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(these latter two taxa now placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FEF36F45FE33F9D7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[364,473,1549,1572]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FEF36F45FE33F9D7" box="[364,473,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447626A307FF136F65FC9EFC7C" blockId="19.[108,637,225,1738]" lastBlockId="19.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FF136F65FE03F9B6" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[140,489,1581,1605]" pageId="19" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide no explicit phylogenetic arguments in neither their comments nor justification of higher taxa. The unusual eye pattern and spination of legs I and II of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FF146FFAFF1AF939" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[139,240,1714,1738]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FF146FFAFF1AF939" box="[139,240,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highlighted in their discussion, where they conclude that the similarities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD33684BFCFAFEE8" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[684,784,259,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD33684BFCFAFEE8" box="[684,784,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FCDB684BFC7BFEE8" authorityName="Nicolet" authorityYear="1849" box="[836,913,259,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Diphya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FCDB684BFC7BFEE8" box="[836,913,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="19">Diphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not reflect ancestry (and thus must be convergently evolved) and that genitalic morphology better resolves their phylogenetic affinity. We agree with this assessment and, although we do not have DNA sequence data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD3368E0FCFAFE33" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[684,784,424,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD3368E0FCFAFE33" box="[684,784,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genitalic morphology clearly suggests that this genus is part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FBD36882FB56FE12" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1100,1212,458,481]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FBD36882FB56FE12" box="[1100,1212,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. The eye arrangement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FC6468A2FBB5FDF1" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1019,1119,490,514]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FC6468A2FBB5FDF1" box="[1019,1119,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in three rows with nonjuxtaposed lateral eyes is unusual in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FCDE6B65FC5AFDB7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[833,944,557,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FCDE6B65FC5AFDB7" box="[833,944,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it should be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD436B06FBE9FD96" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[732,1027,590,613]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD436B06FBE9FD96" box="[732,1027,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has an atypical ocular arrangement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FC586B27FBB0FD74" author="Bryant, E. B." box="[967,1114,623,647]" pageId="19" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref46914" refString="Bryant, E. B. 1933. Notes on types of Urquhart's spiders. Records of the Canterbury Museum 4: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1933">Bryant, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 33), with distantly separated lateral eyes. The eye pattern of the nanometine genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FC676BF8FB9AFD3B" box="[1016,1136,688,712]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pinkfloydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FC676BF8FB9AFD3B" box="[1016,1136,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="19">Pinkfloydia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also unusual, due to the enlarged PMEs on conspicuous tubercles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FCDB6BBBFB94FCF8" author="Dimitrov, D. & G. Hormiga" box="[836,1150,755,779]" pageId="19" pagination="735 - 768" refId="ref47076" refString="Dimitrov, D., and G. Hormiga. 2011. An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 735 - 768." type="journal article" year="2011">Dimitrov and Hormiga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FB176BBBFCD8FCDF" author="Hormiga, G." pageId="19" pagination="480 - 490" refId="ref47551" refString="Hormiga, G. 2017. The discovery of the orb-weaving spider genus Pinkfloydia (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in eastern Australia with description of a new species from New South Wales and comments on the phylogeny of Nanometinae. Zootaxa 4311: 480 - 490." type="journal article" year="2017">Hormiga, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite the unusual eyes, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD336A7DFCF8FCBE" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[684,786,821,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD336A7DFCF8FCBE" box="[684,786,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FCD06A7EFB6AFCBE" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[847,1152,822,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FCD06A7EFB6AFCBE" box="[847,1152,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the typical genitalic morphology found in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD336A30FCF0FC7C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[684,794,888,911]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD336A30FCF0FC7C" box="[684,794,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447626A307FD536AD0FBBDFAEF" blockId="19.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="19">
|
||
The other peculiar character of
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FBAF6AD0FB4BFC43" box="[1072,1185,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nepdiphya</emphasis>
|
||
is the promarginal row of stiff setae on legs I and II (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FD2C6A92FC09FC01" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" box="[691,995,986,1010]" pageId="19" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A similar arrangement can also be found in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FB9F6AB4FB87FBE0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1024,1133,1020,1043]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FB9F6AB4FB87FBE0" box="[1024,1133,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FC9B6D55FC3CFBC7" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Urquhart" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[772,982,1053,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurapunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FC9B6D55FC3CFBC7" box="[772,982,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19">N. purpurapunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FC7B6D55FB8FFBC7" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[996,1125,1052,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimitrovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FC7B6D55FB8FFBC7" box="[996,1125,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19">N. dimitrovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FB3C6D55FCF3FBA6" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracaena">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FB3C6D55FCF3FBA6" italics="true" pageId="19">N. tetracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Unfortunately, the tracheal morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD696D16FCB3FB85" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[758,857,1118,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD696D16FCB3FB85" box="[758,857,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unknown, and the SEM image of the booklung cover of the only known adult male in the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57626A307FC596DE9FD08FB29" author="Marusik, Y. M. & M. M. Omelko" pageId="19" pagination="203 - 214" refId="ref48060" refString="Marusik, Y. M., and M. M. Omelko. 2017. A new genus of tetragnathid spiders from Papua New Guinea (Aranei, Tetragnathidae). Vestnik Zoologii 51: 203 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Marusik and Omelko, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 22) does not reveal whether the typical sclerotized anterior margin is present (although the authors report the ridges as absent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000984447626A300FD536C6DFE9FFDD0" blockId="19.[684,1213,226,1738]" lastBlockId="20.[108,636,226,548]" lastPageId="20" pageId="19">
|
||
Three putative morphological synapomorphies support the inclusion of
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FBBC6C0EFB72FAAD" box="[1059,1176,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nepdiphya</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD336C20FCF6FA8C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[684,796,1384,1407]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD336C20FCF6FA8C" box="[684,796,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first one is the absence in both genera of an embolic apophysis, which is present in the sister genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FC116CE2FB64FA32" authority="" box="[910,1166,1449,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pinkfloydia">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FC116CE2FC17FA32" box="[910,1021,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FB936CE1FB6EFA32" box="[1036,1156,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19">Pinkfloydia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in other tetragnathids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FB996C82FBBDFA11" authorityName="Alvarez-Padilla" authorityYear="2007" box="[1030,1111,1482,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Allende" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FB996C82FBBDFA11" box="[1030,1111,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="19">Allende</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FBF86C82FB5CFA11" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[1127,1206,1482,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tawhai" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FBF86C82FB5CFA11" box="[1127,1206,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="19">Tawhai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FD336CA4FD12F9F0" authorityName="Álvarez-Padilla & Kallal & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[684,760,1516,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Taraire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FD336CA4FD12F9F0" box="[684,760,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19">Taraire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FCA96CA3FC5CF9F0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[822,950,1515,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Chrysometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FCA96CA3FC5CF9F0" box="[822,950,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19">Chrysometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The second is the conductor morphology as a curved, flattened, translucent disk, with an enlarged and folded margin that covers the embolus distal part.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FBDD6F06FB56F995" box="[1090,1212,1614,1638]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Pinkfloydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FBDD6F06FB56F995" box="[1090,1212,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="19">Pinkfloydia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a conductor that resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77626A307FBF56F27FB51F974" authorityName="Alvarez-Padilla" authorityYear="2007" box="[1130,1211,1647,1671]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Allende" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567626A307FBF56F27FB51F974" box="[1130,1211,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="19">Allende</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some Metainae have it not flattened, more sclerotized, and projected apically as it curves with the embolus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57621A300FEAA69AAFF49FEE8" author="Alvarez-Padilla, F. & G. Hormiga" pageId="20" pagination="713 - 879" refId="ref46462" refString="Alvarez-Padilla, F., and G. Hormiga. 2011. Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162: 713 - 879." type="journal article" year="2011">Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6427F9B57621A300FF2B684BFDE4FEE8" author="Dimitrov, D. & G. Hormiga" box="[180,526,259,283]" pageId="20" pagination="735 - 768" refId="ref47076" refString="Dimitrov, D., and G. Hormiga. 2011. An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 735 - 768." type="journal article" year="2011">Dimitrov and Hormiga, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A third putative synapomorphy is the presence of copulatory ducts modified as sacs, which gives the internal female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77621A300FE10682FFE17FE8D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[399,509,359,382]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567621A300FE10682FFE17FE8D" box="[399,509,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="20">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the appearance of having four chambers. In the absence of any evidence of synapomorphic support for a clade that would include all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77621A300FE2B6882FDCFFE12" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[436,549,458,481]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567621A300FE2B6882FDCFFE12" box="[436,549,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="20">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7B6FFC77621A300FF4C68A2FED1FDF1" baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Omelko" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[211,315,490,514]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nediphya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32C258567621A300FF4C68A2FED1FDF1" box="[211,315,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="20">Nediphya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we synonymize the latter genus under the former.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |