183 lines
25 KiB
XML
183 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="5A1C3F326115CA149F743CD31236CEAD" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940361192." ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913416" ID-ZooBank="3B70D32F-9BF0-4595-AF4B-45ADEE03B204" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712169120709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Stringer, Gary L. & Sloan, James Carson" docDate="2023" docId="2B4F878B256DFF97FEC9FA13FB9EFA9A" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.3.1-39.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (1994)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ec964d66-2af3-3f39-bb44-a5383c95c9f6/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.1:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="D776FFF32560FF9AFFCBFFF4FFF4FFD9" masterDocTitle="First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1712169469805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="6CA0B36319A1231FE6E400AE0BF9E264">First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DDFC3020D8AA5FE6133B354EF60662B6">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CBCC748F1C77A0E758B44A437A60867">Sloan, James Carson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7F282F22881232F00CBD6D62DF94EAF2">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="276FE7B369E52ED91342AEDC7327484B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D63F6C9F49D36B531DDF24B5AF300097">1994</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E9BA4A32199B7159F9FD59DC271C8491">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="77DFD0BB51907D6BF3D1401430EEDD76" type="DOI">10.5070/P940361192.</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B4F878B256DFF97FEC9FA13FB9EFA9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913440" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4F878B256DFF97FEC9FA13FB9EFA9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B4F878B256DFF97FEC9FA13FB9EFA9A" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256DFF97FEC9FA13FD7BFA26" box="[258,655,1511,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256DFF97FEC9FA13FD7BFA26" blockId="13.[258,655,1447,1572]" box="[258,655,1511,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="F81181F1256DFF97FEC9FA13FD7BFA26" box="[258,655,1511,1536]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FEC9FA13FD7BFA26" authority="FRIZZELL, 1965 b" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[258,655,1511,1536]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FEC9FA13FE3BF9D9" box="[258,463,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">VORHISIA VULPES</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FE1EFA13FD7BFA26" author="Frizzell, D." box="[469,655,1511,1535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="178 - 181" refId="ref25786" refString="Frizzell, D. 1965 b. Otoliths of new fish (Vorhisia vulpes, N. Gen., N. Sp. Siluroidei?) from Upper Cretaceous of South Dakota. Copeia 1965: 178 - 181." type="journal article" year="1965">FRIZZELL, 1965b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256DFF97FE5BF9F8FDF4F9FD" box="[400,512,1548,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256DFF97FE5BF9F8FDF4F9FD" blockId="13.[258,655,1447,1572]" box="[400,512,1548,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation id="3BDD2A18256DFF97FE5BF9F8FDF4F9FD" box="[400,512,1548,1572]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[114,189,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[224,1413,195,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-14@14.[224,1413,195,1759]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Kokenichthys navis Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-9, 4.10 mm. B. Clupeiform? indeterminate DMNH 2021-09-10, 1.42 mm. C. Arius subtilis Schwarzhans and Bratishko (2011), DMNH 2021-09-11, 4.61 mm. D. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-13, 2.49 mm. E. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-14, 3.06 mm. F. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-15, 3.99 mm. G. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-16, 7.98 mm. H. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-12, 19.36 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913430/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">FIG. 6D–H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256DFF97FF5BF9C9FD7AF947" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256DFF97FF5BF9C9FD7AF947" blockId="13.[112,800,1597,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FF5BF9C9FED4F98E" bold="true" box="[144,288,1597,1623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Material—</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="138E3CC0256DFF97FED4F9C9FD7EF947" collectingDate="2021-09-13" collectingDateMax="2021-12-09" collectingDateMin="2021-09-13" collectionCode="DMNH" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="DMNH 2021-09, 16" specimenCount="5">
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1,537 specimens.
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<specimenCount id="B5E0FD14256DFF97FE30F9C9FD4DF98E" box="[507,697,1597,1623]" count="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="generic">Five specimens</specimenCount>
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figured:
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<collectionCode id="C5F7AE58256DFF97FFBBF995FF37F9A2" box="[112,195,1633,1659]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">DMNH</collectionCode>
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<date id="D758105D256DFF97FF0CF995FEAEF9A2" box="[199,346,1633,1659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-12-09">
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||
<collectingDate id="C71CE9B5256DFF97FF0CF995FEAEF9A2" box="[199,346,1633,1659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-12-09">2021-09-12</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="C5F7AE58256DFF97FEA8F995FE42F9A2" box="[355,438,1633,1659]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">DMNH</collectionCode>
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<date id="D758105D256DFF97FE71F995FDB9F9A2" box="[442,589,1633,1659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-13">
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<collectingDate id="C71CE9B5256DFF97FE71F995FDB9F9A2" box="[442,589,1633,1659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-13">2021-09-13</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="C5F7AE58256DFF97FD9DF995FD5DF9A2" box="[598,681,1633,1659]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">DMNH</collectionCode>
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<date id="D758105D256DFF97FD66F995FF65F947" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-14">
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<collectingDate id="C71CE9B5256DFF97FD66F995FF65F947" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-14">2021-09- 14</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="C5F7AE58256DFF97FF56F970FF04F947" box="[157,240,1668,1694]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">DMNH</collectionCode>
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<date id="D758105D256DFF97FF3CF970FE79F946" box="[247,397,1668,1695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-15">
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<collectingDate id="C71CE9B5256DFF97FF3CF970FE79F946" box="[247,397,1668,1695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-15">2021-09-15</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCode id="F3409EE6256DFF97FE52F970FD96F947" box="[409,610,1668,1694]" collectionCode="DMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">
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DMNH
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<date id="D758105D256DFF97FE38F970FD7AF947" box="[499,654,1668,1694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="2021-09-16">
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2021-09-
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<specimenCode id="F3409EE6256DFF97FDA0F970FD7EF947" box="[619,650,1668,1694]" collectionCode="DMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">16</specimenCode>
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.
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</date>
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</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256DFF97FF5BF953FB9EFA9A" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256DFF97FF5BF953FC27FDB9" blockId="13.[112,800,1597,1940]" lastBlockId="13.[832,1523,195,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FF5BF953FDF4F918" bold="true" box="[144,512,1703,1729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Description and Remarks—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FDCBF952FD42F91B" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[512,694,1702,1730]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FDCBF952FD42F91B" box="[512,694,1702,1730]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Vorhisia vulpes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of most ubiquitous Late Cretaceous otoliths known in the
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<collectingCountry id="DBF1760D256DFF97FFBBF91AFF50F8D1" box="[112,164,1774,1800]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
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and has been reported in the Fox Hills Formation (
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<collectingRegion id="6122F87F256DFF97FFB3F8E5FED7F8F5" box="[120,291,1809,1836]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
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), the Kemp Clay (
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<collectingRegion id="6122F87F256DFF97FE26F8E5FDCCF8F2" box="[493,568,1809,1835]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Texas</collectingRegion>
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), the Ripley Formation (
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<collectingRegion id="6122F87F256DFF97FF64F8C0FEB4F896" box="[175,320,1844,1871]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
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), and the Severn Formation (
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<collectingRegion id="6122F87F256DFF97FD50F8C0FCECF896" box="[667,792,1844,1871]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Maryland</collectingRegion>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FFB0F8A3FE7EF8A8" author="Hoganson, J. & J. Erickson & F. Holland" box="[123,394,1879,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref26498" refString="Hoganson, J., J. Erickson, and F. Holland. 2019. Chondrichthyan and osteichthyan paleofaunas from the Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) Fox Hills Formation of North Dakota, USA: Paleoecology, Paleogeography, and Extinction. Bulletins of American Paleontology 398: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="2019">Hoganson et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FE52F8A3FD98F8A8" author="Woodward, A. B." box="[409,620,1879,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref32037" refString="Woodward, A. B. 2003. Taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolution of the otolith-based fishes of the Upper Cretaceous Kemp Clay, Hunt County, Texas. M. S. thesis. University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana. 89 pp." type="book" year="2003">Woodward 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FDB0F8A3FEA9F84D" author="Schwarzhans, W. & G. Stringer" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="395 - 446" refId="ref30045" refString="Schwarzhans, W., and G. Stringer. 2020 a. Fish otoliths from the late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay (Texas, USA) and the early Danian Clayton Formation (Arkansas, USA) and an assessment of extinction and survival of teleost lineages across the K-Pg boundary based on otoliths. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 126 (2): 395 - 446." type="journal article" year="2020">Schwarzhans and Stringer 2020a</bibRefCitation>
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, Stringer et al. 2020, and
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FD44F88DFBECFF04" author="Huddleston, R. & K. Savoie" box="[655,1048,195,1939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="658 - 663" refId="ref26551" refString="Huddleston, R., and K. Savoie. 1983. Teleostean otoliths from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian age) Severn Formation of Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96: 658 - 663." type="journal article" year="1983">Huddleston and Savoie 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). It has been classified primarily as an extinct siluriform, or perhaps an ariid, based on the large lapillus and similarities to extant ariid lapilli. One Arkadelphia Formation specimen was extremely large at
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<quantity id="641E9B78256DFF97FC95FEA4FC2FFEB3" box="[862,987,336,362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.936" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="19.36">19.36 mm</quantity>
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in length and
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<quantity id="641E9B78256DFF97FB43FEA4FAF1FEB3" box="[1160,1285,336,362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.402" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="14.02">14.02 mm</quantity>
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in height (
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<figureCitation id="3BDD2A18256DFF97FA4DFEA4FA16FEB2" box="[1414,1506,336,363]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[114,189,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[224,1413,195,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-14@14.[224,1413,195,1759]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Kokenichthys navis Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-9, 4.10 mm. B. Clupeiform? indeterminate DMNH 2021-09-10, 1.42 mm. C. Arius subtilis Schwarzhans and Bratishko (2011), DMNH 2021-09-11, 4.61 mm. D. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-13, 2.49 mm. E. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-14, 3.06 mm. F. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-15, 3.99 mm. G. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-16, 7.98 mm. H. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-12, 19.36 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913430/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
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), which is rare, considering that it was recovered from a bore sample. Stringer et al. (2020) stated that
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FA47FE61FA04FE68" authorityName="FRIZZELL" authorityYear="1965" box="[1420,1520,405,433]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FA47FE61FA04FE68" box="[1420,1520,405,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Vorhisia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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probably represents an extinct family of the
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FA9DFE4DFA04FE0A" authorityName="CUVIER" authorityYear="1817" box="[1366,1520,441,467]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Siluriformes</taxonomicName>
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or Ostariophysi, but there is also the possibility that it could relate to an extinct higher taxonomic group or even a non-teleost fish as some extant Holostei have large lapilli.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="A359369D256DFF97FCABFD9EFB9EFA9A" blockId="13.[832,1523,195,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
To state that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FBC6FD9CFB8CFD5D" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1037,1144,616,644]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FBC6FD9CFB8CFD5D" box="[1037,1144,616,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most common species in the upper Maastrichtian Arkadelphia Formation is an understatement. The total specimens in the Arkadelphia Formation assemblage is 2,109, and 1,537 of those (72.88%) are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FB8AFD01FB58FCC8" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1089,1196,757,785]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FB8AFD01FB58FCC8" box="[1089,1196,757,785]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species is abundant in the Severn Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FBB7FCEDFA2BFCEA" author="Huddleston, R. & K. Savoie" box="[1148,1503,793,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="658 - 663" refId="ref26551" refString="Huddleston, R., and K. Savoie. 1983. Teleostean otoliths from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian age) Severn Formation of Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96: 658 - 663." type="journal article" year="1983">Huddleston and Savoie 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but noticeably less at 55%.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FB6BFCCFFAAEFC8E" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1184,1370,827,855]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FB6BFCCFFAAEFC8E" box="[1184,1370,827,855]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Vorhisia vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most abundant species in the Kemp Clay, but its percentage is approximately 35% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FB8DFC77FA2BFC44" author="Schwarzhans, W. & G. Stringer" box="[1094,1503,899,925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="395 - 446" refId="ref30045" refString="Schwarzhans, W., and G. Stringer. 2020 a. Fish otoliths from the late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay (Texas, USA) and the early Danian Clayton Formation (Arkansas, USA) and an assessment of extinction and survival of teleost lineages across the K-Pg boundary based on otoliths. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 126 (2): 395 - 446." type="journal article" year="2020">Schwarzhans and Stringer 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The percentage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FBD4FC51FB77FC18" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1055,1155,933,961]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FBD4FC51FB77FC18" box="[1055,1155,933,961]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Arkadelphia Formation certainly seems to indicate that the paleoenvironmental parameters were decidedly conducive for its growth and proliferation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FBE9FBFAFB2DFBF3" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1058,1241,1038,1066]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FBE9FBFAFB2DFBF3" box="[1058,1241,1038,1066]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Vorhisia vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been found in Europe although Cretaceous otoliths have been investigated in several areas (Nolf 2003,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FB30FBA2FA1EFBA9" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[1275,1514,1110,1136]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29730" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 2010. Otolithen aus den Gerhartsceiter Schichten (Oberkreide: Maastricht) des Gerhartsreiter Grabens (Oberbayern). Palaeo Ichthyologica 4: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="2010">Schwarzhans 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FC8BFB8DFB56FB4A" author="Schwarzhans, W. & J. Jagt" box="[832,1186,1145,1172]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref29976" refString="Schwarzhans, W., and J. Jagt. 2021. Silicified otoliths from the Maastrichtian type area (Netherlands, Belgium) document early gadiform and perciform fishes during the Late Cre- taceous, prior to the K / Pg boundary extinction event. Cretaceous Research (pre-proof). [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.104921]." type="book" year="2021">Schwarzhans and Jagt 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Current studies indicate that the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FBA3FB6FFAD5FB6E" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" box="[1128,1313,1179,1207]" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FBA3FB6FFAD5FB6E" box="[1128,1313,1179,1207]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Vorhisia vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DBF1760D256DFF97FC8BFB34FC82FB03" box="[832,886,1216,1242]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256DFF97FBD0FB34FA3BFB03" author="Schwarzhans, W. & G. Stringer" box="[1051,1487,1216,1242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="395 - 446" refId="ref30045" refString="Schwarzhans, W., and G. Stringer. 2020 a. Fish otoliths from the late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay (Texas, USA) and the early Danian Clayton Formation (Arkansas, USA) and an assessment of extinction and survival of teleost lineages across the K-Pg boundary based on otoliths. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 126 (2): 395 - 446." type="journal article" year="2020">Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256DFF97FA17FB4AFC79FB24" authorityName="Frizzell" authorityYear="1965" family="Vorhisiidae" genus="Vorhisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="9192EA8F256DFF97FA17FB4AFC79FB24" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was one of the most prominent and widespread teleostean species to succumb to the K-Pg extinction event in North America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |