123 lines
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123 lines
15 KiB
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<document id="112E40FC962992AA10EAB7C7ADC8D9C1" ID-CLB-Dataset="298074" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940361192." ID-GBIF-Dataset="721d11be-45f1-40fb-a168-8ea09f7ef9a8" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913416" ID-ZooBank="3B70D32F-9BF0-4595-AF4B-45ADEE03B204" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1712169120709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Stringer, Gary L. & Sloan, James Carson" docDate="2023" docId="2B4F878B256BFF91FF58FEAFFDD7FA85" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.3.1-39.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (1994)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ec964d66-2af3-3f39-bb44-a5383c95c9f6/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.1:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Echiophis KAUP 1856" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="D776FFF32560FF9AFFCBFFF4FFF4FFD9" masterDocTitle="First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1717513855275" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9F8C01962471D69CF3EC6688DE2BB925">First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70F023222FA8B1FCB6CCBD09949208F6">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF9C4639792C9DF5F91B1533A9AB7950">Sloan, James Carson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="85447E5C64659C6DCB285A540882EB29">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CCFB1FF9AA9F446FB8A7614C8489EE8A">
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<mods:date id="15FED3A1ED4DBF9865038A236F85E801">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2B4F878B256BFF91FF58FEAFFDD7FA85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11474191" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232134943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11474191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4F878B256BFF91FF58FEAFFDD7FA85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B4F878B256BFF91FF58FEAFFDD7FA85" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256BFF91FF58FEAFFE1EFE4A" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256BFF91FF58FEAFFD0AFEAA" blockId="11.[147,766,283,441]" box="[147,766,346,372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="F81181F1256BFF91FF58FEAFFD0AFEAA" allCaps="true" box="[147,766,346,372]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FF58FEAFFEE5FEAD" ID-CoL="49PF" ID-ENA="54919" authorityName="KAUP" authorityYear="1856" box="[147,273,347,372]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Echiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FF58FEAFFEE5FEAD" box="[147,273,347,372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">ECHIOPHIS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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AFF.
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FE86FEAEFDB7FEAD" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="2003" box="[333,579,346,372]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Echiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semisphaeroides">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FE86FEAEFDB7FEAD" box="[333,579,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E. SEMISPHAEROIDES</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256BFF91FD98FEAFFD0AFEAA" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[595,766,347,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref29703" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 2003. Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 2: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="2003">SCHWARZHANS,</bibRefCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A359369D256BFF91FE6EFE8FFE1EFE4A" blockId="11.[147,766,283,441]" box="[421,490,379,403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">2003)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256BFF91FE6AFE55FE1BFE61" box="[417,495,416,441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256BFF91FE6AFE55FE1BFE61" blockId="11.[147,766,283,441]" box="[417,495,416,441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<figureCitation id="3BDD2A18256BFF91FE6AFE55FE1BFE61" box="[417,495,416,441]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[112,187,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[206,1426,197,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-115@12.[206,1426,197,1802]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Elops sp., DMNH 2021-09-01, 1.89 mm. B. Albuliformes indeterminate, DMNH 2021-09-02, 1.42 mm. C. Elopothrissus sp. DMNH 2021-09-03, 1.83 mm. D. Genartina sp. DMNH 2021-09-04, 0.85 mm. E. Osmeroides sp. DMNH 2021-09-05, 3.85 mm. F. Anguilla? chickasawae Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-6, 1.90 mm. G. Echiophis aff. E. semisphaeroides Schwarzhans (2003), DMNH 2021-09-07, 3.25 mm. H. Muraenanguilla? sp. DMNH 2021-09-08, 2.18 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913428/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">FIG. 5G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256BFF91FF5BFE25FEF8FDD6" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256BFF91FF5BFE25FEF8FDD6" blockId="11.[112,800,465,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FF5BFE25FED4FE32" bold="true" box="[144,288,465,491]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Material—</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="138E3CC0256BFF91FEEBFE26FEF3FDD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4872882303" collectionCode="DMNH" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="DMNH 2021-09, 07" specimenCount="11">
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<specimenCount id="B5E0FD14256BFF91FEEBFE26FE25FE35" box="[288,465,466,492]" count="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
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, specimen figured,
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<specimenCode id="F3409EE6256BFF91FD07FE26FF2AFDD6" collectionCode="DMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">
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DMNH
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<date id="D758105D256BFF91FFBBFE01FEF8FDD6" box="[112,268,501,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="2021-07-09">
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2021-09-
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<specimenCode id="F3409EE6256BFF91FF2DFE01FEF3FDD6" box="[230,263,501,527]" collectionCode="DMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34940" name="Delaware Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">07</specimenCode>
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.
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</date>
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</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EBFC6516256BFF91FF5BFDECFDD7FA85" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A359369D256BFF91FF5BFDECFDD7FA85" blockId="11.[112,800,465,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FF5BFDECFDFDFDEB" bold="true" box="[144,521,536,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Description and Remarks—</emphasis>
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These otoliths tend to be primarily circular in shape (
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FE3AFDCEFDC0FD8F" box="[497,564,570,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256BFF91FDF0FDCFFCFBFD8F" author="Smale, M. & G. Watson & T. Hecht" box="[571,783,571,598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 253" refId="ref30467" refString="Smale, M., G. Watson, and T. Hecht. 1995. Otolith atlas of southern African marine fishes. Ichthyological Monographs of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 1: 1 - 253." type="journal article" year="1995">Smale et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). The nearly straight to slightly outwardly curved posterodorsal margin produces a discernible angle. The otolith is thick with mainly smooth margins. The inner face is strongly convex and smooth with a deep sulcus. The sulcus has a long, narrow, and deep cauda, while the ostium is much shorter and shallower. The outer face is flat and relatively smooth.
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256BFF91FE67FCC6FD53FC95" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[428,679,818,844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref29703" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 2003. Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 2: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="2003">Schwarzhans(2003)</bibRefCitation>
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originally classified
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FF3BFCA0FDCFFCA9" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="2003" box="[240,571,852,880]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Echiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semisphaeroides">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FF3BFCA0FDCFFCA9" box="[240,571,852,880]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Echiophis semisphaeroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the family
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FD38FCA1FF2AFC4B" authorityName="RAFINESQUE" authorityYear="1810" family="Anguillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguillidae</taxonomicName>
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. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256BFF91FEAFFC8CFD9CFC4A" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[356,616,888,915]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="327 - 354" refId="ref29825" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 2019. A comparative morphological study of Recent otoliths of the Congridae, Muraenesocidae, Nettastomatidae and Colocongridae (Anguilliformes). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano 46: 327 - 354." type="journal article" year="2019">Schwarzhans (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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illustrated the modern
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FF10FC6EFCD4FC6C" authority="Castro-Aguirre and Suarez" authorityName="Castro-Aguirre and Suarez" box="[219,800,922,950]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Echiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FF10FC6EFE38FC6F" box="[219,460,922,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Echiophis brunneus</emphasis>
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Castro-Aguirre and Suárez
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</taxonomicName>
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de los Cobos (1983), and examination of the specimen has shown a great similarity in convexity and smoothness of the inner face as well as the shape and depth of the sulcus. There are three extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FD60FBD3FCD4FB9A" authorityName="KAUP" authorityYear="1856" box="[683,800,1063,1091]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Echiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9192EA8F256BFF91FD60FBD3FCD4FB9A" box="[683,800,1063,1091]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Echiophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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known from tropical and subtropical America. Modern ophichthid otoliths illustrate significant variability and are still not understood well. In fact, it is often difficult to assign fossil otoliths to genera with very much confidence. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="C7774B6C256BFF91FE97FB2CFCD4FB2A" author="Schwarzhans, W. & G. Stringer" box="[348,800,1240,1267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="395 - 446" refId="ref30045" refString="Schwarzhans, W., and G. Stringer. 2020 a. Fish otoliths from the late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay (Texas, USA) and the early Danian Clayton Formation (Arkansas, USA) and an assessment of extinction and survival of teleost lineages across the K-Pg boundary based on otoliths. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 126 (2): 395 - 446." type="journal article" year="2020">Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a)</bibRefCitation>
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believed that the similarity was significant compared to other known anguilliform otoliths and changed the species to the family
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<taxonomicName id="64E64D1E256BFF91FEBFFAB6FDEBFA85" authorityName="RAFINESQUE" authorityYear="1815" box="[372,543,1346,1372]" family="Ophichthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ophichthidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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