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<document id="99EC16F8424EFD528F7A648388B039E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="27992" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66601a1e-ba16-41b2-b182-0fd80e75ccba" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2608527" ID-ZooBank="EF369E98-EBD9-4647-B081-65AD1794A27C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553591750157" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soto, Joan J. &amp; Peña, Álvaro L." docDate="2019" docId="03B887B7A463FFFFE983FC1BFE349CA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4570.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4570 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hydractinia dendritica Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF81FFCFA46EFFF2E914FFEFFFBB9B7E" masterDocTitle="Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698713421926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1F1179FABCE61C404663C9CC426DDED4">Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D114124B4B9A159E50B84E4C65A91152">Soto, Joan J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE18285FBF84A75779136847D79AF427">Peña, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DE22464183BEC5684E1621B4F5465982">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EFC082E75223F3BC09BF9417BC4710BC">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11D70DB549E8CA8824CB6D980178B529">2019-03-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="55FD0BA38ABF484E0AA77BA3179E0058">4570</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="026EC3C05E204E1EE7B2C3AD19F4ECEE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="719E273054B3B1FE72B3CB4453A2357A" type="CLB-Dataset">27992</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F13B1C14009400F640AAFC2B5BD40437" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="59F2172609E77AA855D5A4FF5506FDC1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B887B7A463FFFFE983FC1BFE349CA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5934893" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154497130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5934893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B7A463FFFFE983FC1BFE349CA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B7A463FFFFE983FC1BFE349CA9" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA463FFFFE983FC1BFD509F70" box="[151,747,1012,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A463FFFFE983FC1BFD509F70" blockId="13.[151,747,1012,1071]" box="[151,747,1012,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0E681CDA463FFFFE983FC1BFD509F70" bold="true" box="[151,747,1012,1038]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFE983FC1BFD509F70" authority="Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,747,1012,1038]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hydractinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE983FC1BFD509F70" bold="true" box="[151,747,1012,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE983FC1BFE129F70" bold="true" box="[151,425,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hydractinia dendritica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A463FFFFE8A4FC1BFD509F70" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[432,747,1012,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA463FFFFE983FBF9FEB49F51" box="[151,271,1046,1071]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A463FFFFE983FBF9FEB49F51" blockId="13.[151,747,1012,1071]" box="[151,271,1046,1071]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A463FFFFE98BFBF9FF5B9F51" box="[159,224,1046,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1414,1436]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,205,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,195,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–f Hydractinia dendritica: a–b general view of the colony; c detail of spines; d gastrozooids and dactylozooid (arrow); e gonozooid with gonophores; f dactylozooid (arrow). g Eudendrium antarcticum: female gonophore. h Eudendrium generale: female gonophore. i, k Eudendrium scotti: i gonozooid with male gonophores; k colony. j Eudendrium sp.2: gonozooid with male gonophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
a–f)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA463FFFFE983FBB1FBD39EE9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A463FFFFE983FBB1FBD39EE9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1118,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE983FBB1FE3E9F09" bold="true" box="[151,389,1118,1143]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE884FBB0FDBD9F09" box="[400,518,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ANT XV/3</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEB0EFBB1FDE09F09" bold="true" box="[538,603,1118,1143]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48-33</emphasis>
, some polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEA2CFBB0FC4B9F09" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1907" box="[824,1008,1118,1143]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="interpolatum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEA2CFBB0FC4B9F09" box="[824,1008,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. interpolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFED3AFBB0FB6B9F08" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1070,1232,1119,1142]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED3AFBB0FB6B9F08" box="[1070,1232,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE83FFB6DFED79FE5" bold="true" box="[299,364,1154,1179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48-36</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEB61FB6CFCAE9FE5" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[629,789,1155,1179]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEB61FB6CFCAE9FE5" box="[629,789,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED6EFB6DFB079FE5" bold="true" box="[1146,1212,1154,1179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48-39</emphasis>
, several polyps, on dead octocoral, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEBAFFB49FCB19FC1" bold="true" box="[699,778,1190,1215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48-210</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFED32FB48FB719FC0" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1062,1226,1191,1214]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED32FB48FB719FC0" box="[1062,1226,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE83FFB25FEC19F9D" bold="true" box="[299,378,1226,1251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48-220</emphasis>
, several polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEB70FB24FD7C9F9D" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[612,711,1227,1251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEB70FB24FD7C9F9D" box="[612,711,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED39FB25FBC69F9D" bold="true" box="[1069,1149,1226,1251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">48-264</emphasis>
, several polyps, on dead octocoral, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEB7AFB00FD4C9E79" box="[622,759,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ANT XVII/3</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEA1FFB01FCF39E79" bold="true" box="[779,840,1262,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">111-5</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFED48FB00FB459E78" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1116,1278,1263,1286]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED48FB00FB459E78" box="[1116,1278,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with mature gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE83DFAFDFEDE9E55" bold="true" box="[297,357,1298,1323]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">111-7</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, on dead octocoral,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEA0EFAFCFC039E55" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[794,952,1299,1323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEA0EFAFCFC039E55" box="[794,952,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEAFBFAFBFBCE9E55" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[1007,1141,1298,1323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longstaffi">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEAFBFAFBFBCE9E55" box="[1007,1141,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. longstaffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with mature gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE983FAD9FF689E31" bold="true" box="[151,211,1334,1359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">111-9</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFE8C0FAD8FDCB9E31" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[468,624,1335,1359]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE8C0FAD8FDCB9E31" box="[468,624,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sc. unifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEBB2FAD8FC909E31" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[678,811,1334,1359]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longstaffi">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEBB2FAD8FC909E31" box="[678,811,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. longstaffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with mature gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED4CFAD9FB189E31" bold="true" box="[1112,1187,1334,1359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">111-18</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFE983FAB4FE8F9E0D" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,308,1371,1395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE983FAB4FE8F9E0D" box="[151,308,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with mature gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEB77FAB4FD649E0D" box="[611,735,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ANT XXI/2</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEBFAFAB5FCE69E0D" bold="true" box="[750,861,1370,1395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PS65/248</emphasis>
, few polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFED0CFAB5FB199E0D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[1048,1186,1370,1395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFED0CFAB5FB199E0D" box="[1048,1186,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eudendrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.2, with developing gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE83CFA91FE2D9EE9" bold="true" box="[296,406,1406,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PS65/281</emphasis>
, several polyps, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEB62FA90FCA89EE8" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[630,787,1407,1430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEB62FA90FCA89EE8" box="[630,787,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with developing gonophores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA463FFFFE9D3FA4DFB409C5D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A463FFFFE9D3FA4DFB409C5D" blockId="13.[151,1436,1118,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE9D3FA4DFE809EC5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1442,1467]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
The material examined here entirely coincides with the re-description of the type-series of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFEC95FA4BFEB19EA1" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hydractinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFEC95FA4BFEB19EA1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. dendritica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A463FFFFE8B1FA28FD2F9EA1" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[421,660,1478,1503]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="369 - 392" refId="ref44411" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2015) Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean. Zootaxa, 3972 (3), 369 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3972.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Peña Cantero (2015)</bibRefCitation>
, including the presence of erect stems, dwarf gonophores (
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A463FFFFEC2FFA29FA369EA1" box="[1339,1421,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1414,1436]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,205,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,195,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–f Hydractinia dendritica: a–b general view of the colony; c detail of spines; d gastrozooids and dactylozooid (arrow); e gonozooid with gonophores; f dactylozooid (arrow). g Eudendrium antarcticum: female gonophore. h Eudendrium generale: female gonophore. i, k Eudendrium scotti: i gonozooid with male gonophores; k colony. j Eudendrium sp.2: gonozooid with male gonophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
), and dactylozooids (
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A463FFFFE862FA05FE7C9D7D" box="[374,455,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1414,1436]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,205,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,195,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–f Hydractinia dendritica: a–b general view of the colony; c detail of spines; d gastrozooids and dactylozooid (arrow); e gonozooid with gonophores; f dactylozooid (arrow). g Eudendrium antarcticum: female gonophore. h Eudendrium generale: female gonophore. i, k Eudendrium scotti: i gonozooid with male gonophores; k colony. j Eudendrium sp.2: gonozooid with male gonophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A463FFFFE8C9FA05FD5B9D7D" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[477,736,1514,1539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hydractinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE8C9FA05FD5B9D7D" box="[477,736,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hydractinia dendritica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to have different growing strategies depending on the substrate on which it develops, as it has already been reported for other congeneric (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A463FFFFED6FF9E1FAFA9D59" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1147,1345,1550,1575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="221 - 302" refId="ref46596" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008 a) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 3. Revue Suisse De Zoologie, 115, 221 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80426" type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008a</bibRefCitation>
). In the material examined, some sections of the same colony (or whole colonies) develop sharp spines when gastrozooids and dactyolozooids are not yet developed or are proportionally less abundant (
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A463FFFFED34F9B9FBC89D11" box="[1056,1139,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1414,1436]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,205,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,195,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–f Hydractinia dendritica: a–b general view of the colony; c detail of spines; d gastrozooids and dactylozooid (arrow); e gonozooid with gonophores; f dactylozooid (arrow). g Eudendrium antarcticum: female gonophore. h Eudendrium generale: female gonophore. i, k Eudendrium scotti: i gonozooid with male gonophores; k colony. j Eudendrium sp.2: gonozooid with male gonophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
), while other portions (or colonies) are almost deprived of spines but have abundant gastrozooids, and some dactylozooids (c. one dactylozooid per 10–20 gastrozooids). The fully mature colony, where gonozooids carrying gonophores are found, have a sort of perisarcal wall joining spines, as a kind of “room divider”, which could act as an extra-protection for the reproductive polyps (
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A463FFFFE8A6F909FD9A9D81" box="[434,545,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1414,1436]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,205,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,195,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–f Hydractinia dendritica: a–b general view of the colony; c detail of spines; d gastrozooids and dactylozooid (arrow); e gonozooid with gonophores; f dactylozooid (arrow). g Eudendrium antarcticum: female gonophore. h Eudendrium generale: female gonophore. i, k Eudendrium scotti: i gonozooid with male gonophores; k colony. j Eudendrium sp.2: gonozooid with male gonophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3b, e</figureCitation>
). All this different growing morphologies can be observed in the same colony, and we suggest they correspond either to differences in the substrate used or to ontogenetic changes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA463FFFFE9D3F8C1FE349CA9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A463FFFFE9D3F8C1FE349CA9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1118,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A463FFFFE9D3F8C1FE4D9C39" bold="true" box="[199,502,1838,1863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
The species had been found once, in McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea), at a depth of
<quantity id="4CE99B44A463FFFFEC94F8C0FF169C14" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A463FFFFE9ABF8BDFE529C15" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[191,489,1874,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907</bibRefCitation>
); our material was collected from several locations in the Weddell Sea, at depths between 62 and
<quantity id="4CE99B44A463FFFFE841F898FE1B9CF0" box="[341,416,1911,1935]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7299999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="473.0">473 m</quantity>
, growing on different substrates (see
<tableCitation id="C693031AA463FFFFEA46F899FC279CF1" box="[850,924,1910,1935]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="53.[147,224,585,605]" captionText="TABLE 3. Substrate and epibionts of the species inventoried." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
). Present contribution constitutes the second report of the species, and the first evidence from both the Weddell Sea and West
<collectingCountry id="F3067631A463FFFFED3FF875FB189CCD" box="[1067,1187,1946,1971]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
, pointing to a circum- Antarctic distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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