323 lines
38 KiB
XML
323 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="75CB42713D468D555DDDC624DF74BFB7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214095" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f3ca685-719a-436b-8780-fe7ca7ec1d05" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214095" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460500547718" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tu, Tzu-Hsuan, Dai, Chang-Feng & Jeng, Ming-Shiou" docDate="2012" docId="03B5F713535D5C2CFF6B41A2FD5F9E19" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03395p017.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3395" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF8C8F6B53505C23FFFC4206FFDB9A2D" masterDocTitle="Precious corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from the northern West Pacific region with descriptions of two New Species" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698311697179" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F754AAE7C57889CE0354B795ADC779BC">
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<mods:title id="A0896B5B56E833307DE2305EC1C94059">Precious corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from the northern West Pacific region with descriptions of two New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EF3DAAA04F1F813428FE17AC60A1B927" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2AA3ADAF33400BBA70C58C25FFEC9AA0">Tu, Tzu-Hsuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86D904E8E146D18F1FEFCFF28D8B4B8A">Dai, Chang-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0F578DAFD03D613809C8D1554189B40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0FAE03E49735A4BB68A82E5B5F70C777">Jeng, Ming-Shiou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="37271CFABBF6EC2211819007B694C28E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C03EB13415E5F3B2E88F4FCBCD49898">
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<mods:title id="DAE3D34734E9306D8228DA6540DD8915">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D649634B234AB00FEA90DC2BA97A09A6">
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<mods:date id="8801D78ED59B1FECAFB06ECA720FF4C2">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4063661525DA148D401D05891693607D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="174C03484648EE1A1F16E4785297249B">3395</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5FB2AE8382AEA1A1D3FB784BD6ED2413">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CFB89F3F9881ED489E49390EA258440D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.214095</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD338D2A63D52C6A33CB88E78150B058" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B5F713535D5C2CFF6B41A2FD5F9E19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6178979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119521169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6178979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5F713535D5C2CFF6B41A2FD5F9E19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5F713535D5C2CFF6B41A2FD5F9E19" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C306158E535D5C2EFF6B41A2FF2299F2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF6B41A2FDBD9993" blockId="13.[151,614,932,991]" box="[151,614,932,958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0EBF169535D5C2EFF6B41A2FDBD9993" bold="true" box="[151,614,932,958]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535D5C2EFF6B41A2FDBD9993" ID-CoL="5ZZKW" authority="Kishinouye, 1903" authorityName="Kishinouye" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,614,932,958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
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<emphasis id="B9689A17535D5C2EFF6B41A2FDBD9993" bold="true" box="[151,614,932,958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B9689A17535D5C2EFF6B41A2FE529993" bold="true" box="[151,393,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Corallium sulcatum</emphasis>
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Kishinouye, 1903
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF6B41C1FF2299F2" blockId="13.[151,614,932,991]" box="[151,249,967,991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFF6341C1FF2A99F2" box="[159,241,967,991]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C306158E535D5C2EFF6B4609FB389E6E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF6B4609FB389E6E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1039,1091]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C612B535D5C2EFF6B4609FB389E6E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535D5C2EFF6B4609FDB29E08" ID-CoL="5ZZKW" authority="Kishinouye, 1903a: 624" authorityName="Kishinouye" authorityPageNumber="624" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,617,1039,1061]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
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<emphasis id="B9689A17535D5C2EFF6B4609FEB89E08" box="[151,355,1039,1061]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Corallium sulcatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFE914609FDB29E08" author="Kishinouye" box="[365,617,1039,1061]" page="624" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFE914609FDE89E09" author="Kishinouye" box="[365,563,1039,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 a) Preliminary note on the Coralliidae of Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26, 623 - 626." type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="a">Kishinouye, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
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: 624
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFD8B4609FCB59E09" author="Kishinouye" box="[631,878,1039,1061]" page="104" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFD8B4609FCE39E08" author="Kishinouye" box="[631,824,1039,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 b) Honpou san no sango. Doubutsu Gaku Zasshi 15, 103 - 106. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="b">Kishinouye 1903b</bibRefCitation>
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: 104
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFC874609FB839E09" author="Kishinouye" box="[891,1112,1039,1061]" page="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFC874609FBF49E09" author="Kishinouye" box="[891,1071,1039,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904) Notes on the natural history of corals. Journal of Imperial Fishery Bureau, 14, 1 - 32. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1904">Kishinouye 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 24
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl.4, figs.1,2; pl.7, fig.3; pl.8, fig.19;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFEEC462BFE079E6E" author="Kukenthal" box="[272,476,1069,1091]" page="52" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFEEC462BFE6D9E6E" author="Kukenthal" box="[272,438,1069,1091]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Kukenthal, W. G. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, pp i - xxviii + 1 - 478" type="book chapter" year="1924">Kükenthal 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 52
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFE1A4628FD589E6E" author="Bayer" box="[486,643,1069,1091]" page="75" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFE1A4628FDBB9E6E" author="Bayer" box="[486,608,1069,1091]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1956) Descriptions and redescriptions of the Hawaiian octocorals collected by the US Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " (2. Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia). Pacific Science, 10, 67 - 95." type="journal article" year="1956">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 75
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFD19462BFC409E6E" author="Imahara" box="[741,923,1069,1091]" page="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFD19462BFCAE9E6E" author="Imahara" box="[741,885,1069,1091]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Imahara, Y. (1996) Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals & Octocoral Research, 4, 17 - 44." type="journal article" year="1996">Imahara 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 28
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6014535D5C2EFC59462BFB639E6E" author="Nonaka" box="[933,1208,1069,1091]" page="96" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535D5C2EFC59462BFB489E6E" author="Nonaka" box="[933,1171,1069,1091]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Nonaka, M. & Muzik, K. (2010) Jewels of the deep sea - Precious Corals. In: Uchida, S. (Eds.), Into the Unknown, Researching Mysterious Deep-sea Animals. Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Okinawa, Japan, pp 84 - 127." type="book chapter" year="2010">Nonaka & Muzik 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 96
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</treatmentCitation>
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–97.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C306158E535D5C2EFF6B4676FEB29EFD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF6B4676FEB29EFD" blockId="13.[151,1437,1136,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B9689A17535D5C2EFF6B4676FE599EA4" bold="true" box="[151,386,1136,1161]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined:</emphasis>
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NMNS-6606-002, Lanyu Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535D5C2EFD064676FC949EA5" box="[762,847,1136,1160]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, 22˚48.3’N, 121˚27.4’E, depth
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<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFB574676FAF09EA5" box="[1195,1323,1136,1160]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.31" metricValueMax="4.39" metricValueMin="4.2299999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="431.0" valueMax="439.0" valueMin="423.0">423–439 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFA260C5535D5C2EFACB4676FF099E81" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2000-08-02">2 August 2000</date>
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, collected by S.M. Chao;
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<collectionCode id="ED0DDEC0535D5C2EFE044692FDEC9E81" box="[504,567,1172,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ASIZ</collectionCode>
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0000966; Dongsha Atoll,
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<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535D5C2EFCA04692FC759E81" box="[860,942,1172,1196]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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depth
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<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFC004692FBA59E81" box="[1020,1150,1172,1196]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="425.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="400.0">400–450 m</quantity>
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, 1990, collected by commercial fisherman.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C306158E535D5C2CFF3B46DAFB9B9AF9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF3B46DAFC3F9F85" blockId="13.[151,1437,1136,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B9689A17535D5C2EFF3B46DAFE829ED8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1244,1269]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony ASIZ0000966 is flabellate with a somewhat dichotomous branching pattern on the larger, lower order branches, which give off slender tiny terminal twigs on the “front” side (
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<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFBA64706FB779F35" box="[1114,1196,1280,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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A). Two of the major branches are missing. Some terminal twigs are fused with each other to form tunnel-like structures on major branches (
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<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFEF5474EFE829F4D" box="[265,345,1352,1376]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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B) that often protruded biserially from these branches. At the base of the main stem, most of these structures are lost. The main stem is
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<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFDB9476AFD629FA9" box="[581,697,1388,1412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.354" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="23.54">23.54 mm</quantity>
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in diameter and nearly circular in its cross section. Commensal polychaetes are harbored in the tunnels formed by the fused terminal twigs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF3547B2FE299CE5" blockId="13.[151,1437,1136,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The autozooids arise biserially, and only from the terminal twigs on the “front” side of the colony where they form groups of 2 or 3 (
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<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFE6447DEFE319FDD" box="[408,490,1496,1520]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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C). When contracted, the polyps are tall and cylindrical, with 8 prominent longitudinal grooves that fold over the intersection of tentacles, and extend halfway down the polyp body. Contracted autozooids are up to
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<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFEAC4426FE6F9C15" box="[336,436,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.58">1.58 mm</quantity>
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||
high. Siphonozooids are visible around the contracted autozooids as minute apical pores. The cortex, which is thin and fragile in dry state, is decorated with fine granules on the “front” side of the colony, and has longitudinal rows of papillae on the “back”. The surface of the axis appears smooth when examined under the dissecting microscope, but it exhibits cone-like papillae under SEM (
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<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFC26448AFBF59C89" box="[986,1070,1676,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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D). These cone-like papillae are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFEC344B6FE6A9CE5" box="[319,433,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.020 mm</quantity>
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high.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34605535D5C2EFF3544D2FC599DC5" blockId="13.[151,1437,1136,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The most abundant sclerites of the cortex are 8-radiates, which are mostly symmetrically shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFAF044D2FA869CC1" box="[1292,1373,1748,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
E). In addition, 6- and 7-radiates, crosses, double clubs and irregular forms are also common in the cortex. The relative abundance and shape of the sclerites in the autozooids resemble those in the cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFBAE451AFB7F9D19" box="[1106,1188,1820,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
F), but the spiny rods, which are only present in the tentacles, are not present in the cortex. These rods are coarsely spinose, often with one end enlarged, and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFE284562FD9C9D51" box="[468,583,1892,1916]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.096">0.096 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13275A80535D5C2EFD734562FD3B9D51" box="[655,736,1892,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1399,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Corallium sulcatum Kishinouye, 1903, ASIZ 0000966: (A) left, “ front ” of colony, right, “ back ” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Radiates vary in size from up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFB894562FB339D51" box="[1141,1256,1892,1916]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.068">0.068 mm</quantity>
|
||
long for 8-radiates, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFEED458EFE5F9D8D" box="[273,388,1928,1952]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.061">0.061 mm</quantity>
|
||
long for 7-radiates, and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFD25458EFC909D8D" box="[729,843,1928,1952]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.076">0.076 mm</quantity>
|
||
for 6-radiates. The double clubs are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFAD6458EFA479D8D" box="[1322,1436,1928,1952]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8999999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.059">0.059 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535D5C2EFF0D45AAFEBF9DE9" box="[241,356,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.299999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.043">0.043 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The tubercular projections of the 8-radiates are dull and blunt. Double clubs are modified forms of 8-radiates, with heads ornamented with blunt projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63168D535E5C2DFF6B4579FF3B9DFE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214109/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[187,1397,193,1895]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535E5C2DFF6B4579FF3B9DFE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1919,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535E5C2DFF6B4579FEFA9DB8" bold="true" box="[151,289,1919,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535E5C2DFED54586FD6E9DB8" authority="Kishinouye, 1903" authorityName="Kishinouye" authorityYear="1903" box="[297,693,1920,1942]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535E5C2DFED54586FE2E9DBB" box="[297,501,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Corallium sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
Kishinouye, 1903
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ASIZ0000966: (A) left, “front” of colony, right, “back” of colony; (B) close up of axis; (C) close up of autozooids; (D) SEM image of axis surface; (E) sclerites from cortex; (F) sclerites from autozooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535F5C2CFF354291FB9B9AF9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">The color of the cortex is either pinkish or orange, but the axis is only pinkish. Under transmitted light, the sclerites are colorless. Specimens in a dry state and in ethanol are similarly colored.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306158E535F5C2CFF3542D9FBAA9B31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535F5C2CFF3542D9FBAA9B31" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFF3542D9FE809AD5" bold="true" box="[201,347,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFE9642E6FD909AD5" box="[362,587,224,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFE9642E6FD909AD5" box="[362,587,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Corallium sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found from the continental shelf off Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535F5C2CFB8A42E6FB6D9ADA" box="[1142,1206,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the southwestern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535F5C2CFF0A4302FE979B31" box="[246,332,260,284]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was first discovered at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535F5C2CFD224302FC869B31" box="[734,861,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="550.0" valueMin="150.0">150–550 m</quantity>
|
||
off Boshu, Mera,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535F5C2CFBD54303FBB79B31" box="[1065,1132,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306158E535F5C2CFF35432EFD5F9E19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535F5C2CFF35432EFB3C9BAA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFF35432EFEED9B6D" bold="true" box="[201,310,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The original description of this species was published in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFC2C432EFB0B9B6D" box="[976,1232,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zoologischer Anzeiger</emphasis>
|
||
by Kishinouye in 1903. That specimen was collected from Boshu, Mera,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535F5C2CFCF3434BFC899B49" box="[783,850,333,356]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4EBE0535F5C2CFC5A434AFBF39B49" box="[934,1064,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="550.0" valueMin="150.0">150–550 m</quantity>
|
||
, but the exact locality and depth are unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535F5C2CFECB4369FE279BAA" author="Kishinouye" box="[311,508,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904) Notes on the natural history of corals. Journal of Imperial Fishery Bureau, 14, 1 - 32. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1904">Kishinouye 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A7F8A7535F5C2CFDBE4369FD7F9BAA" box="[578,676,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was from a private collection and cannot be traced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535F5C2CFF354392FE679872" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The specimen described above was gathered from a precious-coral fisherman. According to the records, this species was massively collected in the 1970s to 1990s in waters surrounding
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B0695535F5C2CFBFC43B1FB8D9BE2" box="[1024,1110,439,463]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. When precious-coral fishermen found the coral beds, hundreds of kilograms of corals could be collected on each trip. The commercial name of this species is ‘miss coral’ or ‘pink coral’. Although ‘miss coral’ was intensively collected, it has never been scientifically identified other than as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFDF64022FDA69811" box="[522,637,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFDF64022FDA69811" box="[522,637,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Corallium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until now. This is the first time a specimen of “miss coral” has been identified to species level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535F5C2CFF35406AFC239915" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The initial examination of the two specimens available indicated the species might be one of the 2 closely related and sympatric species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFDFB4096FD489885" box="[519,659,656,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFDFB4096FD489885" box="[519,659,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFD294096FCAC9885" box="[725,887,656,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boshuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFD294096FCAC9885" box="[725,887,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. boshuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to the descriptions of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535F5C2CFAE74089FF3398E1" author="Kishinouye" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 a) Preliminary note on the Coralliidae of Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26, 623 - 626." type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="a">Kishinouye (1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535F5C2CFF1140B2FF2798E1" author="Kishinouye" box="[237,252,692,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1903 b) Honpou san no sango. Doubutsu Gaku Zasshi 15, 103 - 106. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535F5C2CFDEA40B2FD0298E1" author="Kishinouye" box="[534,729,692,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1904) Notes on the natural history of corals. Journal of Imperial Fishery Bureau, 14, 1 - 32. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1904">Kishinouye 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the major differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFBBD40B3FB1398E1" box="[1089,1224,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFBBD40B3FB1398E1" box="[1089,1224,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFB0340B3FA4798E1" box="[1279,1436,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boshuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFB0340B3FA4798E1" box="[1279,1436,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. boshuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the color of axis and the grooves on the branches. The axis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFC6C40DEFBCC98DD" box="[912,1047,728,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFC6C40DEFBCC98DD" box="[912,1047,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is pink and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFB5B40DEFA9E98DD" box="[1191,1349,728,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boshuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFB5B40DEFA9E98DD" box="[1191,1349,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. boshuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is milk white to light yellow, and it is only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFDB940FBFD109939" box="[581,715,764,788]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFDB940FBFD109939" box="[581,715,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the fine branches fuse together to form tunnel-like structures. We therefore identify the sample as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFD934126FD2F9915" box="[623,756,800,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFD934126FD2F9915" box="[623,756,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFCAA4126FC2A9915" box="[854,1009,800,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boshuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFCAA4126FC2A9915" box="[854,1009,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. boshuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34605535F5C2CFF354143FD5F9E19" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFE9A4143FDD99971" box="[358,514,836,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boshuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFE9A4143FDD99971" box="[358,514,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. boshuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other species that is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFC724143FBC89971" box="[910,1043,836,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFC724143FBC89971" box="[910,1043,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFBC84143FB789971" box="[1076,1187,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFBC84143FB449971" box="[1076,1183,836,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regale">C. regale</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFB1B4143FAB79971" box="[1255,1388,836,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFB1B4143FAB79971" box="[1255,1388,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFF6B416EFF2599AD" box="[151,254,872,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFF6B416EFF2599AD" box="[151,254,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. regale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a pink axis, cylinder-shaped contracted autozooids, and similar
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A7F8A7535F5C2CFBED416FFB9799AC" box="[1041,1100,873,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of sclerites, but they differ in the shape and size of their 6- and 8-radiates.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFD7B418AFC9D9989" box="[647,838,908,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFD7B418AFC9D9989" box="[647,838,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Corallium regale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has spherical 6-radiates in its cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13275A80535F5C2CFB17418AFAEE9989" box="[1259,1333,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="13.[151,250,840,863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,818]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,819]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 13. Corallium regale Bayer, 1956, holotype, USNM 49520: cortical sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214108/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 13</figureCitation>
|
||
a), which are not present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFEA141B6FE3199E5" box="[349,490,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFEA141B6FE3D99E5" box="[349,486,944,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">C. sulcatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D3BF4535F5C2CFCFB41B7FC4699EA" author="Bayer" box="[775,925,943,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1956) Descriptions and redescriptions of the Hawaiian octocorals collected by the US Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " (2. Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia). Pacific Science, 10, 67 - 95." type="journal article" year="1956">Bayer (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, spherical 6-radiates only appear in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFAD241B6FA4099E5" box="[1326,1435,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFAD241B6FA4C99E5" box="[1326,1431,944,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regale">C. regale</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFF6B41D3FE3699C1" authority="(Johnson, 1899)" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,493,980,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maderense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFF6B41D3FEF499C1" box="[151,303,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. maderense</emphasis>
|
||
(Johnson, 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C3D86535F5C2CFDDB41D3FC8099C1" authority="Johnson, 1899" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1899" box="[551,859,980,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9689A17535F5C2CFDDB41D3FD4599C1" box="[551,670,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
(Johnson, 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems that these three are closely related species in the northern West Pacific and differ from each other in only a few respects. More characteristics are needed to be sought out to clarify the species boundaries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |