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<document id="F15D78F55E26BCC68635513FEDF4A638" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a9955bc-21e2-4a7a-b6f9-34d01e79df66" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276585" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460223487944" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Straehler-Pohl, Ilka, Widmer, Chad L. &amp; Morandini, André C." docDate="2011" docId="039487B47B29FFFB759D3231FAFCF800" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02741p037.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2741" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phacellophora camtschatica" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFADFFCC7B2DFFFE750A3753FF95FFF3" masterDocTitle="Characterizations of juvenile stages of some semaeostome Scyphozoa (Cnidaria), with recognition of a new family (Phacellophoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698237975384" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7188F2CA186EBC19EB7E69456EA4FB89">Characterizations of juvenile stages of some semaeostome Scyphozoa (Cnidaria), with recognition of a new family (Phacellophoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A97426ED12646B784E1BB51A18C7BE48">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F80FF0E749F5414849FFD2562E0EADD1">Widmer, Chad L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15ACA4D1283A59BFD78F8FAC5AE306D6">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039487B47B29FFFB759D3231FAFCF800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6187071" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6187071" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039487B47B29FFFB759D3231FAFCF800" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487B47B29FFFB759D3231FAFCF800" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C32765297B29FFFA759D3231FD0FF957" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B29FFFA759D3231FE78FA8F" blockId="4.[151,493,1378,1404]" box="[151,493,1378,1404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0CA81CE7B29FFFA759D3231FE78FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,493,1378,1404]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D217B29FFFA759D3231FE78FA8F" box="[151,493,1378,1404]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Phacellophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B29FFFA759D3231FE78FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,493,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phacellophora camtschatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B29FFFA759D32F9FD0FF957" blockId="4.[151,1437,1450,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B29FFFA759D32F9FED7FA37" bold="true" box="[151,322,1450,1476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scyphistoma.</emphasis>
Mature scyphistomae (Plate 1, Fig. B) had a mean height of 7.62 mm and a mean oral disc width of 2.45 mm (Table 4c). Tentacles were arranged in a single whorl (ranging from 3044, mean = 38) around a slightly sunken mouth disc and a cylindrical, four-lipped hypostome. Scyphistomae were yellowishwhite to pale orange in colour. The calyx, perched on a stalk of medium length (44% of TBL), was slender and funnel-shaped. The widest body diameter was the mouth disc (70% of the calyx length). The basal disc and ca. 50% of the stalk were enclosed by a narrow, funnel-shaped periderm tube (
<figureCitation id="13062A277B29FFFA71353136FB1EF98C" box="[1087,1163,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,779,803]" captionTargetBox="[523,1059,194,761]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[523,1059,194,761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phacellophora camtschatica: stalk with funnel-shaped periderm tube." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276589/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) left behind when the scyphistoma changed locations (see below).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32765297B29FFFB75CC31FCFAFCF800" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B29FFFA75CC31FCFE46F8E7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1450,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B29FFFA75CC31FCFE4BF93A" bold="true" box="[198,478,1711,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Asexual reproduction.</emphasis>
This involved typical lateral scyphistoma budding (at calyx and stalk junction, typically one bud per scyphistoma at a time), stolonal budding, and polydisc strobilation (Plate 2, Fig. B; strobilation rates: Table 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B29FFFA75CC3073FAFDF83C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1450,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Two stolonal budding
<typeStatus id="548688007B29FFFA74C73073FD9EF8C9" box="[461,523,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
were observed. In
<typeStatus id="548688007B29FFFA77E03073FCB1F8C9" box="[746,804,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
1, thin stolons were produced at the junction of calyx and stalk. One or two new scyphistomae, formed in the middle of the stolon, detached from the stolon after forming a basal disc. In stolonal budding
<typeStatus id="548688007B29FFFA77763039FD23F877" box="[636,694,1898,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
2, a new periderm tube was formed at the tip of the stolon. The old scyphistoma was dragged by the stolon from the old periderm tube, and a tiny tissue residuum remaining in the old tube died after a few days. The stolon was resorbed by the newly located parental scyphistoma.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF42662A7B28FFFB759D3458FB9DFCD1" box="[151,1032,779,803]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276589/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[523,1059,194,761]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB759D3458FB9DFCD1" blockId="5.[151,1032,779,803]" box="[151,1032,779,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB759D3458FE8CFCD0" bold="true" box="[151,281,779,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D217B28FFFB742A3458FDC7FCD1" box="[288,594,779,802]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Phacellophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB742A3458FDC7FCD1" box="[288,594,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phacellophora camtschatica</emphasis>
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: stalk with funnel-shaped periderm tube.
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<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB75CC3403FBE9FB83" blockId="5.[151,1437,848,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB75CC3403FEB9FC99" bold="true" box="[198,300,848,874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ephyra.</emphasis>
Newly liberated ephyrae (Plate 3, Fig. B) had a total mean body diameter (TBD), from lappet tip to lappet tip, of 7.77 mm (range: 3.510.8 mm, Table 6c) and a mean central disc diameter (CDD) of 5.85 mm, which comprised about 57% of the TBD. Ephyrae had 1318 marginal arms, flame-shaped and pointed rhopalial lappets, and a single rhopalium per lappet stem, situated between the two rhopalial lappets (Table 6c). Rhopalial lappets measured 53% of the total marginal lappet length (TMLL). The manubrium was of moderate length (≈28% of CDD). There were 12 gastric filaments per quadrant in the central stomach. There were 02 single tentacle buds above the velar canals. Ephyrae were yellowish in colour with a yellowishorange gastric system; white nematocyst clusters were scattered over the exumbrella.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB75CC3328FE47FB13" blockId="5.[151,1437,848,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">During subsequent development, velar lappets were not formed but the umbrella rim between the rhopalial lappets extended and grew outwards, forming sinus-like outward curves (pseudo-velar lappets) when the medusa matured.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB75CC33B8FAB2FA68" blockId="5.[151,1437,848,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB75CC33B8FD2CFAF6" bold="true" box="[198,697,1259,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Development of ephyral gastric system.</emphasis>
The gastric system of newly-released ephyrae (Table 3e, Fig. “Stage 1”; Plates 4 and 5, Figs. A) consisted of a central stomach, 1318 non-forked, arrow-shaped rhopalial canals, and 1318 very short, non-forked, arrow tip-shaped velar canals. The tips of the rhopalial canals ended at the base of the rhopalium. The tips of the velar canals ended a short distance above the stomach. One or two single tentacle buds were present on the subumbrella above velar canal tips (Plate 4, Figs. B and F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB75CF32F5FC5DF9DC" blockId="5.[151,1437,848,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
In the second stage (Table 3e, Fig. “Stage 2”; Plate 4, Figs. D and H) rhopalial canals developed
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB702632F5FE21FA17" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">34 pairs of short side branches.</emphasis>
The velar canals grew in
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB77F23298FC6DFA17" box="[760,1016,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">centrifugal direction</emphasis>
. The sides of each velar canal tip developed branches just below its tip (Plate 4, Fig. G; Plate 5, Fig. B) which fused with the first side branches of the rhopalial canals (Plate 4, Fig. G) forming a
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB77EB3145FC5DF9DC" box="[737,968,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">primary ring canal.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB75CC3168FD84F936" blockId="5.[151,1437,848,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The velar canals and the attached rhopalial side branches grew centrifugally towards the umbrella rim. The primary ring canal morphed into sinus curves (Plate 5, Fig. C). The
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB76F33132FE96F96C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">second pair of rhopalial canal side branches</emphasis>
fused with the sinus curves when the velar canal tips reached their level (Table 3e, Fig. “Stage 3”) forming a
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB741B31F8FD9CF937" box="[273,521,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secondary ring canal</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236A27B28FFFB75CC3180FAFCF800" blockId="5.[151,1437,848,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
In the 4th stage (Table 3e, Fig. “Stage 4”; Plate 5, Fig. DF) the steps of stage 3 were repeated once or twice until a
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB743331AAFE6FF8E1" box="[313,506,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">final ring canal</emphasis>
was formed below the rhopalia level (Plate 5, Fig. D). The final ring canal produced single tentacles above the velar canal tips (Plate 5, Figs. D and E), and next to the first tentacle buds in a chronological order to form a single row along the ring canal. Additionally, unbranched
<emphasis id="B949EAB07B28FFFB700E3017FF71F871" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">blind ending canals</emphasis>
were produced by the ring canal (Plate 5, Fig. F), and grew in centrifugal direction into the outer region of the marginal lappets. New canal connections formed by &quot;Ausstülpungen&quot; (= diverticula from gastric canals, defined by Stiasny 1921; Uchida 1926), others were disconnected by “Inselbildung” (= island formation, meaning the fusion of the roof and bottom of the gastric cavities, defined by Stiasny 1921; Uchida 1926).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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