257 lines
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257 lines
25 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7353098" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534070963" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton" docDate="1993" docId="03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0A20FE6EF9C6" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Muridae.501-755.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Rattus norvegicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="657" masterDocId="FFE9FFD6FFF6FFBBFFF30B06FF93FFF3" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="657" updateTime="1669256938330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guy G. Musser</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michael D. Carleton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>501</mods:start>
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<mods:end>755</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7353098</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7285032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7285032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0A20FE6EF9C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0A20FE6EF9C6" lastPageNumber="657" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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<subSubSection pageId="156" pageNumber="657" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="156.[233,1844,294,1589]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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<treatmentCitation author="Berkenhout" authority="(Berkenhout, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" journal="Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="5" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus" title="Rattus norvegicus" volume="1" year="1769">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Berkenhout, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[233,864,294,335]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
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<emphasis box="[233,526,294,335]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
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(Berkenhout, 1769)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Berkenhout" journal="Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" pagination="5" title="Rattus norvegicus" volume="1" year="1769">
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Outlines of the Natural History of
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<collectingCountry box="[1490,1717,294,335]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[360,487,338,376]" name="Ireland" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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, 1:5
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[274,753,380,416]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="156.[233,1844,294,1589]" box="[274,753,380,416]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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TYPE LOCALITY:
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<materialsCitation box="[520,744,380,416]" country="United Kingdom" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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<collectingCountry box="[520,744,380,416]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="156" pageNumber="657" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="156.[233,1844,294,1589]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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DISTRIBUTION: Original distribution assumed to be SE Siberia and N
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<collectingCountry box="[1428,1528,421,460]" name="China" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1556,1783,421,460]" country="China" name="Heilongjiang" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">Heilongjiang</collectingRegion>
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), but introduced worldwide where it is more common in colder climates of high latitudes (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kucheruk, V. V." box="[533,811,505,544]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref200337" refString="Kucheruk, V. V. 1990. Areal. [Range]. Pp. 34 - 84, in Seraya krysa: Sistematika, ekologiya, regulyatsiya chislenosti [Norway rat, systematics, ecology, population control] (V. E. Sokolov and E. V. Karasjova, eds.). Nauka, Moscow, 452 pp. (in Russian)." year="1990">Kucheruk, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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); in warmer regions and tropics restricted to habitats highly modified by humans—sewers, buildings, wharves, and breakwaters, for example (
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, D. H." box="[529,792,591,628]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref174391" refString="Johnson, D. H. 1962 a. Rodents and other Micronesian mammals collected. IV. A. Pp. 21 - 38, in Pacific island rat ecology. Report of a study made on Ponape and adjacent islands, 1955 - 1958 (T. I. Storer, ed.). Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 225: 1 - 274." year="1962">Johnson, 1962a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="156" pageNumber="657" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph blockId="156.[233,1844,294,1589]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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SYNONYMS:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hatai" authorityYear="1907" box="[460,804,631,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="norvegicus" variety="albus">
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<emphasis box="[460,633,631,669]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">norvegicus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[722,804,631,669]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">albus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1779" box="[829,931,631,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caraco">caraco</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" box="[952,1072,631,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspius">caspius</taxonomicName>
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, cauquenensis, decaryi,
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<taxonomicName box="[1464,1686,631,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decumanoides">decumanoides</taxonomicName>
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(nomen
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[360,474,673,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudum">nudum</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[507,683,673,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decumanus">decumanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[707,834,673,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discolor">discolor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[851,1045,673,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseipectus">griseipectus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1069,1239,673,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hibernicus">hibernicus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1259,1420,673,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoffmanni">hoffmanni</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(Trouessart, 1904, not Matschie, 1901),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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<taxonomicName box="[653,829,715,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humiliatus">humiliatus</taxonomicName>
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, hybridus,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1898" box="[1015,1163,715,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insolatus">insolatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1887" box="[1181,1312,715,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanus">javanus</taxonomicName>
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, leucosternum,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[1569,1718,715,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">lutescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[360,567,757,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnirostris">magnirostris</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoffmann" authorityYear="1887" box="[588,945,757,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="decumanus" variety="major">
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<emphasis box="[588,763,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">decumanus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[855,945,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[945,1170,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[966,1164,757,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maniculatus">maniculatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[1186,1508,757,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="norvegicus" variety="orii">
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<emphasis box="[1186,1358,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">norvegicus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[1448,1508,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">orii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1508,1515,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1930" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="norvegicus" variety="otomoi">
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<emphasis box="[1529,1703,757,795]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">norvegicus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[359,469,798,837]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">otomoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[469,1165,798,837]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[489,645,798,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbeus">plumbeus</taxonomicName>
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, praestans, primarius,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ellerman" authorityYear="1949" box="[1023,1165,798,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">simpsoni</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Philippi, R. A." box="[1192,1434,798,837]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref285342" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1900. Figuras i descripciones de los murideos de Chile. Anales de Museo Nacional de Chile, Zoologie, 14 a: 1 - 70." year="1900">Philippi, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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, not Ellerman, 1949),
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<emphasis box="[359,1015,840,879]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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socer,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[460,605,840,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
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, surmulottus, tamarensis
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</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" box="[1109,1715,840,879]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Jones, J. K., Jr. & D. H. Johnson" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref176621" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. H. Johnson. 1965. Synopsis of the lagomorphs and rodents of Korea. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 357 - 407." year="1965">Jones and Johnson, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Laurie, E. M. O. & J. E. Hill" box="[697,1066,882,920]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref205065" refString="Laurie, E. M. O., and J. E. Hill. 1954. List of land mammals of New Guinea, Celebes and adjacent islands 1758 - 1952. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 175 pp." year="1954">Laurie and Hill, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Mahoney, J. A. & B. J. Richardson" box="[1087,1632,882,920]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref222168" refString="Mahoney, J. A., and B. J. Richardson. 1988. Muridae. Pp. 154 - 192, in Zoological catalogue of Australia. Mammalia (J. L. Bannister, et. al.). Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 5: 1 - 274." year="1988">Mahoney and Richardson, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Musser, G. G." pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref251503" refString="Musser, G. G. 1977 a. Epimys benguetensis, a composite, and one zoogeographic view of rat and mouse faunas in the Philippines and Celebes. American Museum Novitates, 2624: 1 - 15." year="1977">Musser, 1977a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Musser, G. G. & C. Newcomb" box="[479,969,924,962]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref252806" refString="Musser, G. G., and C. Newcomb. 1985. Definitions of Indochinese Rattus losea and a new species from Vietnam. American Museum Novitates, 1814: 1 - 32." year="1985">Musser and Newcomb, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sody, H. J. V." box="[989,1173,924,962]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref332599" refString="Sody, H. J. V. 1941. On a collection of rats from the Indo- Malayan and Indo- Australian regions (with descriptions of 43 new genera, species and subspecies). Treubia, 18: 255 - 325." year="1941">Sody, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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; and
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<bibRefCitation author="Osgood, W. H." box="[1269,1508,924,962]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref269062" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1943. The mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 30: 1 - 268." year="1943">Osgood, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="156" pageNumber="657" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="156.[233,1844,294,1589]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">
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COMMENTS: Geographic variation among presumably native Chinese populations reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Wu De-ling" box="[413,585,1007,1045]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref395640" refString="Wu De-ling. 1982. [On subspecific differentiation of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout) in China.] Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2: 107 - 112 (in Chinese)." year="1982">Wu (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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. Samples from native Asian, free-living introduced, and laboratory populations were the subjects of numerous morphological (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bugge, J." box="[1475,1685,1049,1087]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref45930" refString="Bugge, J. 1970. The contribution of the stapedial artery to the cephalic arterial supply in muroid rodents. Acta Anatomica, 76: 313 - 134." year="1970">Bugge, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Greene, E. C." pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref129309" refString="Greene, E. C. 1935. Anatomy of the rat. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n. s., 27: 1 - 370." year="1935">Greene, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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), physiological, chromosomal and molecular (many are summarized in
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<bibRefCitation author="Yosida, T. H." pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref401448" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1980. Cytogenetics of the black rat: Karyotype evolution and species differentiation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 256 pp." year="1980">Yosida, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Levan, G. & K. Klinga & C. Szpirer & J. Szpirer" box="[538,839,1132,1171]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref210734" refString="Levan, G., K. Klinga, C. Szpirer, and J. Szpirer. 1990. Gene map of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) 2 N = 42. Isozyme Bulletin, 23: 34 - 42." year="1990">Levan et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
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) studies, which have produced among the mass of data a gene map of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Levan et al., 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Levan" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[583,1149,1175,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
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<emphasis box="[583,804,1175,1214]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Levan, G. & K. Klinga & C. Szpirer & J. Szpirer" box="[832,1138,1175,1214]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref210734" refString="Levan, G., K. Klinga, C. Szpirer, and J. Szpirer. 1990. Gene map of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) 2 N = 42. Isozyme Bulletin, 23: 34 - 42." year="1990">Levan et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and results of attempted hybridizations between
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<taxonomicName box="[776,996,1216,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
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<emphasis box="[776,996,1216,1256]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and different forms of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1405,1548,1216,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
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<emphasis box="[1405,1548,1216,1256]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">R. rattus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(summarized by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Yosida, T. H." box="[359,580,1258,1297]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref401448" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1980. Cytogenetics of the black rat: Karyotype evolution and species differentiation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 256 pp." year="1980">Yosida, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). Review of European populations provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Becker, K." box="[1411,1666,1258,1297]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref25716" refString="Becker, K. 1978 b. Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) -- Wanderratte (WR). Pp. 401 - 420, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 1: 1 - 476." year="1978">Becker (1978b)</bibRefCitation>
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; overall review of systematics reported by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Milyutin, A. I." box="[958,1227,1301,1339]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref242944" refString="Milyutin, A. I. 1990. Sistematika [Systematics]. Pp. 25 - 33, in Seraya krysa: Sistematika, ekologiya, reguliatsiya chislennosti [Norway rat: Systematics, ecology, population control] (V. E. Sokolov and E. V. Karasjova, eds.). Nauka, Moscow, 452 pp. (in Russian)." year="1990">Milyutin (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. Phylogenetic relationships to other members of subgenus
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|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ellerman" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[848,953,1342,1381]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[848,953,1342,1381]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">Rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
equivocal (e.g., contrast
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chan, K. L. & S. S. Dhaliwal & H. S. Yong" box="[1392,1684,1342,1381]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref57398" refString="Chan, K. L., S. S. Dhaliwal, and H. S. Yong. 1979. Protein variation and systematics of three subgenera of Malayan rats (Rodentia: Muridae, genus Rattus Fischer). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 64 B: 329 - 337." year="1979">Chan et al., 1979</bibRefCitation>
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, with
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<bibRefCitation author="Pasteur, N. & J. Worms & M. Tohari & D. Iskandar" box="[359,692,1383,1422]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref273945" refString="Pasteur, N., J. Worms, M. Tohari, and D. Iskandar. 1982. Genetic differentiation in Indonesian and French rats of the subgenus Rattus. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 10: 191 - 196." year="1982">Pasteur et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
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|
), but morphological and biochemical data indicate significant phylogenetic divergence between
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[947,1167,1426,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[947,1167,1426,1465]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1255,1398,1426,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1255,1398,1426,1465]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Gelder & A. Jahnke" box="[1427,1830,1426,1465]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref24788" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Gelder, and A. Jahnke. 1983 a. Chromosome evolution in Australian Rattus- - G-banding and hybrid meiosis. Genetica, 60: 93 - 103." year="1983">
|
|
Baverstock et al., 1983
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Qumsiyeh, M. B. & D. A. Schlitter & A. M. Disi" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref295133" refString="Qumsiyeh, M. B., D. A. Schlitter, and A. M. Disi. 1986. New records and karyotypes of small mammals from Jordan. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 51: 139 - 146." year="1986">
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a,
|
|
<emphasis box="[359,386,1467,1506]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="657">b,</emphasis>
|
|
1986
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chan, K. L." box="[500,697,1467,1506]" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref57314" refString="Chan, K. L. 1977. Enzyme polymorphism in Malayan rats of the subgenus Rattus. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 5: 161 - 168." year="1977">Chan, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Phallic morphology of Chinese samples described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Yang An-feng & Fang Li-xiang" pageId="156" pageNumber="657" refId="ref397903" refString="Yang An-feng and Fang Li-xiang. 1988. [Phallic morphology of 13 species of the family Muridae from China, with comments on its taxonomic significance.] Acta Theriologica Sinica, 8: 275 - 287 (in Chinese with English summary)." year="1988">Yang and Fang (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines.
|
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |