180 lines
19 KiB
XML
180 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="5A36D13114E384AAC9BBBE2D42C1B2C4" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118011" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13184350" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722608845586" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gokul, A." docDate="2017" docId="03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.117.2.131-139.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118011" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Varuna litterata" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FF899703FFAF684DFF8DFF94450D2A04" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and ecology of brachyuran crabs in Sunderbans" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="131" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1722659393841" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="5528F7056AAED4B3A01C5C6AF0B2652A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9D88B99105D6B0B22C11D4DD24311D2F">
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<mods:title id="9F85282417C139E298AD09D4837DCE7F">Taxonomy and ecology of brachyuran crabs in Sunderbans</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A22D706805D6483F33C5FF8DB466254B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="811F071AE5B38D095904FC85E25FD42A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0321AC250D958C43287FDA80218A6000">Gokul, A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B2331F71E388199BC78729ED629D4247">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0ECDA58DFE10BC11CA45A7C8CA984E4D">
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<mods:title id="37350B0F8F01DB6E1DDD5FFE740F68B7">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="33DF31D502DFBBE9C6AD2D23B158DC36">
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<mods:date id="C3A18363E3C17AD5C352FE82FF0C0362">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9C26F7CDD87A77E9B05BC576662E59C0" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0EBEAB900B24C572B710E0C98EAC3541">2017-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0BB566EBC55C89191E56EB390E988530" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="049265CD17C8CF30713B00A543D7FE12">117</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="25B7E25CB4CFD7D06AD2B4B43C43B371" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="204E3F978096D2285B48C4FCEE85A192">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="457F34BBBABC4FD7867907F54C321281" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="04570542105D772C1061393F83D61AFD">131</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F3D8A4C35753209E682E0B08200CA533">139</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="731EA1012DCD98E7C6D4539B8ECFA050">
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<mods:url id="9198CFEB3B9AB6864261455E028CF548">http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118011</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="61B30A625CD94E942B815ED48CBFD274">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="107CAFFF8FDFDA3EE6DC2762C813B8D7" type="DOI">10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118011</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1D214B3C1A7E4B41384EDCDF6647772B" type="ISSN">2581-8686</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D34270A8FD10A339021BED4D7C63E80E" type="Zenodo-Dep">13184350</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="C3030DE6FFA9684BFCC9FB1C41E42EA7" box="[836,1257,1160,1187]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684BFCC9FB1C41E42EA7" blockId="6.[836,1257,1160,1187]" box="[836,1257,1160,1187]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0EEE901FFA9684BFCC9FB1C41E42EA7" box="[836,1257,1160,1187]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFCC9FB1C466A2EA6" bold="true" box="[836,871,1160,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1925EEFFA9684BFCE0FB1D41E42EA7" ID-CoL="7FJ77" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[877,1257,1160,1187]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFCE0FB1D412A2EA7" bold="true" box="[877,1063,1160,1187]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Varuna litterata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1798)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3030DE6FFA9684AFCC9FB2F413D28C1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684BFCC9FB2F406E2ED4" blockId="6.[836,1474,1211,1882]" box="[836,1379,1211,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
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1798.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1925EEFFA9684BFCF0FB2F40222ED4" authority=", Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl." box="[893,1327,1211,1233]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cancridae" genus="Cancer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFCF0FB2F41022ED4" box="[893,1039,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Cancer litterata</emphasis>
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, Fabricius,
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFBF0FB2F40272ED4" box="[1149,1322,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Entom. Syst. Suppl</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFAB7FB2F40532ED4" bold="true" box="[1338,1374,1211,1232]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">342</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684BFCC9FB4B40AA2EF0" blockId="6.[836,1474,1211,1882]" box="[836,1447,1247,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
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1900.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1925EEFFA9684BFCF0FB4B40392EF0" authority=", Alcock, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal." authorityName="Alcock, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal." box="[893,1332,1247,1269]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFCF0FB4B411E2EF0" box="[893,1043,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Varuna litterata</emphasis>
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, Alcock,
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFBE0FB4B40232EF0" box="[1133,1326,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFAB2FB4B405A2EF0" bold="true" box="[1343,1367,1247,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">69</emphasis>
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(2): 401.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684BFCC9FA9740CC2F82" blockId="6.[836,1474,1211,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
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2001.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1925EEFFA9684BFCF0FA9740892F1C" authority=", Dev Roy and Bhadra, Zool. Surv." authorityName="Dev Roy and Bhadra, Zool. Surv." box="[893,1412,1283,1305]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFCF0FA9741172F1C" box="[893,1050,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Varuna litterata</emphasis>
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, Dev Roy and Bhadra,
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFA95FA9740892F1C" box="[1304,1412,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Zool. Surv.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFA1DFA97417A2F38" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA9684BFA1DFA9740CF2F1C" box="[1424,1474,1283,1304]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">India</collectingCountry>
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Estuarine Ecosystem Series
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</emphasis>
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4:
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFB1EFAB3409F2F38" box="[1171,1426,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Fauna of Godavari Estuary</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFA10FAB340B82F38" bold="true" box="[1437,1461,1319,1340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">49</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA9684BFCE1FAD346D62F65" box="[876,987,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">Materials:</emphasis>
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Total 43 examples. KN 1631, Coll. A. Gokul, 21.9.10, Bakkhali, 10 exs; KN 1637, Coll. A. Gokul,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684BFCC9FA1B40CC2FCA" blockId="6.[836,1474,1211,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">18.9.10, Bakkhali, 04 exs; KN 1746, Coll. A. Gokul, 3.8.11, Fresergunj Harbour Is, 02 exs; KN 1750, Coll. A. Gokul,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684BFCC9FA4341E22C3E" blockId="6.[836,1474,1211,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">4.8.11, Fresergunj Harbour Is, 1 ex; KN 1754, Coll. A. Gokul, 6.8.11, Fresergunj Harbour Is, 3 exs; KN 1758, Coll. A. Gokul, 4.8.11, Bakkhali, 9 exs;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA9684AFCE1F9D046132B3D" blockId="6.[836,1474,1211,1882]" lastBlockId="7.[159,798,215,602]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">KN 1759, Coll. A. Gokul, 5.8.11, Bakkhali, 14 exs and a clear demarcation is observed between the pronouncedly expanded and its free margin almost a spiniform tooth is present at the inner angle of the wrist. One or two accessory spinules are also present on marked with several tubercles in the middle position.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFF12FEF345D02BA1" blockId="7.[159,798,215,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">expanded and their posterior margin thickly fringed with hairs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFF4AFE3B472B285E" blockId="7.[159,798,215,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFF4AFE3B445C2BCD" box="[199,337,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFEEDFE3B44972BCD" box="[352,410,431,457]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">India</collectingCountry>
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: Andra Pradesh, East Godavari, Krishna, Visakapatinam,
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<collectingRegion id="49DD908FFFA8684AFE3EFE4744F42BE9" box="[435,505,467,493]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Orissa</collectingRegion>
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, Sunderbans,
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<collectingRegion id="49DD908FFFA8684AFD1FFE4746132BE9" box="[658,798,467,493]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
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and Trivandrum.
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFEF4FE6344E72815" box="[377,490,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Elsewhere:</emphasis>
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East Africa,
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFD14FE63461A2815" box="[665,791,503,529]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFF12FD8844042832" box="[159,265,540,566]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFE9BFD8F448E2831" box="[278,387,539,565]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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, Phillipines, Hong-Kong,
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFD2CFD8847D32832" box="[673,734,540,566]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, New
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFF12FDAB45FC285D" box="[159,241,575,601]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFF76FDAB4453285D" box="[251,350,575,601]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F30E1EFDFFA8684AFE19FDD44712285D" box="[404,543,575,602]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">New zealand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFF12FD13444E2F1D" blockId="7.[159,739,646,680]" lastBlockId="7.[159,798,739,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFF12FD1347EE28A3" bold="true" box="[159,739,646,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Population Dynamics of Shore Crabs</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B715430FFA8684AFF12FD77444E2F1D" county="Line Intercept Transect" elevation="20" location="Island" municipality="English" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
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using
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<quantity id="4CE1F388FFA8684AFF6CFD77441E28F9" box="[225,275,739,765]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="20.0">
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<elevation id="0034B95EFFA8684AFF6CFD77441E28F9" box="[225,275,739,765]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="20.0">20m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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<collectingCounty id="62C726E1FFA8684AFE94FD77471628FA" box="[281,539,739,766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Line Intercept Transect</collectingCounty>
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(LIT) method (
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2C417FFA8684AFD4AFD77461028F9" box="[711,797,739,765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">English</collectingMunicipality>
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resulted with the abundance of brachyuran crabs are were found to be abundant on the disturbed
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<collectingRegion id="49DD908FFFA8684AFD29FC4B47DD29FD" box="[676,720,991,1017]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Bali</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFD54FC4B461029FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFD54FC4B461029FD" box="[729,797,991,1017]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Island</location>
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the amount of organic waste created due to human interference.
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFEBEFBFB44842E8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFEBEFBFB44842E8D" box="[307,393,1135,1161]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Various" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Various</location>
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studies carried out on the diversity, distribution and also on the chemical composition of the brachyuran crabs (
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFEF9FB2347362ED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFEF9FB2347362ED5" box="[372,571,1207,1233]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Soundarapandian" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Soundarapandian</location>
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFDCFFB2C477F2ED5" box="[578,626,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">et al</emphasis>
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., 2008;
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFD41FB2346102ED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFD41FB2346102ED5" box="[716,797,1207,1233]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Stanley" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Stanley</location>
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and
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFF43FB4F440C2EF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFF43FB4F440C2EF1" box="[206,257,1243,1269]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Hait" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Hait</location>
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, 2000;
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFEC1FB4F44902EF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFEC1FB4F44902EF1" box="[332,413,1243,1269]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Allison" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Allison</location>
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFE2FFB4844C22EF1" box="[418,463,1243,1269]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">et al</emphasis>
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., 2003;
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFDAEFB4F47902EF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFDAEFB4F47902EF1" box="[547,669,1243,1269]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Mukherjee" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Mukherjee</location>
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFD2FFB4847C32EF1" box="[674,718,1243,1269]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">et al</emphasis>
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., 2008;
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<location id="8EC608B6FFA8684AFF12FB6B45FD2F1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0EF7BFFA9684AFCC9FB1C413D28C1:8EC608B6FFA8684AFF12FB6B45FD2F1D" box="[159,240,1279,1305]" county="Line Intercept Transect" municipality="English" name="Lehane" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bali">Lehane</location>
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, 2000).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF660EE5FFA8684AFCD0FBC346DA2E8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13184352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13184352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13184352/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" startId="7.[861,932,1111,1135]" targetBox="[870,1477,751,1074]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFCD0FBC346DA2E8A" blockId="7.[861,1425,1111,1167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFCD0FBC346B22E6B" bold="true" box="[861,959,1111,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Comparative analysis of brachyuran crab abundance.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF660EE5FFA8684AFF12F93845F72CE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13184356" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13184356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13184356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" startId="7.[159,230,1708,1732]" targetBox="[164,787,1332,1679]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFF12F93845F72CE7" blockId="7.[159,748,1708,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B96D827FFFA8684AFF12F938440D2CC0" bold="true" box="[159,256,1708,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Brachyuran Crab Abundance using Quadrat Method.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFF12F88F40D12BA1" blockId="7.[159,797,1819,1918]" lastBlockId="7.[861,1500,215,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">
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observed to be more in the mangrove rich areas of the Sundarbans (
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<figureCitation id="132242E8FFA8684AFEE2F8AB44D72D5D" box="[367,474,1855,1881]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[861,932,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[870,1477,751,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-1344@7.[861,1496,739,1079]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Comparative analysis of brachyuran crab abundance." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13184352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13184352/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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). Studies were limited on the diversity, abundance and dynamic pattern of the brachyuran crabs in Sundarbans (Gokul, 2008). Brachyuran crabs are positively correlated with the healthiness of the habitat. Hence the habitat potential of adaptation and successful completion of life cycle determines the species richness in the respective habitat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFCD0FE4740D12BE9" blockId="7.[861,1500,215,709]" box="[861,1500,467,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">tool to construct the community zones of the shore crabs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA65E6DFFA8684AFCD0FD8F413D28C1" blockId="7.[861,1500,215,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="138">change both the sandy beach and island ecosystem from vulnerable to endangered. Rapid increase of human population and solid constructions is the growing threat to not only to Gangasagar and Bakkhali but also to the entire Sundarbans.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |