508 lines
46 KiB
XML
508 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.26.5335" ID-PMC="PMC3817424" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-26-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC7694BFF8B77056210CB389C7BFF9F" ID-PubMed="24194672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576171" ModsDocID="1314-2003-26-101" checkinTime="1451251833308" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wilkin, Paul, Suksathan, Piyakaset, Keeratikiat, Kaweesak, Welzen, Peter van & Wiland-Szymanska, Justyna" docDate="2013" docId="06E7C6D9791448E9DA39A3C652756992" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 26: 101-112" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 26" docPubDate="2013-10-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.26.5335" docTitle="Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFC7694BFF8B77056210CB389C7BFF9F" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FFC7694BFF8B77056210CB389C7BFF9F" masterDocTitle="A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan (Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668140887343" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan (Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilkin, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.wilkin@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suksathan, Piyakaset</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Keeratikiat, Kaweesak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>264 / 45 - 46 Suksawad 15, Suksawad Rd., Rajaburana, Bangkok 10140, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Welzen, Peter van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section NHN, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wiland-Szymanska, Justyna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Taxonomy, A. Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89, 61 - 614 Poznan, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-10-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.26.5335</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.26.5335</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-26-101</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC7694BFF8B77056210CB389C7BFF9F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576171</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06E7C6D9791448E9DA39A3C652756992" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06E7C6D9791448E9DA39A3C652756992" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="06E7C6D9-7914-48E9-DA39-A3C652756992" authority="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dracaena kaweesakii" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii" status="sp. nov.">Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The habit, vegetative, inflorescence and seedling of Dracaena kaweesakii. A Trunk base showing the pattern of branching and corky, fissured surface B Habit C Branch apex with erect inflorescence D Leaf sheath and blade E Seedling with rosulate leaves. Scale bar: A 50 cm; B 125 cm; C 6 cm; D 3 cm; E 4 cm. From Maxwell 96 - 379 (C), Geesink et al. 8122 (D) and photographs. Drawn by Lucy Smith." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10400" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Photographs of Dracaena kaweesakii showing its habit and reproductive morphology. A Trunk base of large individual showing and corky, fissured surface B habit of relatively small individual C habit viewed from below showing the rich branching D Fertile shoot apex showing the white leaf margins and bearing an inflorescence E Branch apex with infructescence rendered pendent by weight of fruit, narrow branch diameter and leaf scars F Flowers on partial inflorescence showing tepal, stamen and gynoecium orientation, shape and colour and axis indumentum. Photographs by Warakorn Kasempankul / Parinya Siriponamat (A, B, D, F) and Paul Wilkin (C, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10402" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">-3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ridl" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuccifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Dracaena yuccifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ridl. in its habit, with up to several hundred branches, white (brown when dry) leaf sheaths lacking yellow or dark brown pigmentation and blades with a narrow white margin when fresh. The inflorescence axis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is tuberculate-villous, and the species lacks a floral stalk above the pedicel articulation. The tepals are cream-green or cream-yellow and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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filaments intense orange. The anthers are 1.7-2.2 mm long and the style 2.2-3.3 mm. The ovary is 1.3-2.0 mm broad and develops into and fruits that largely remain brown on the infructescence, turning orange only just before or after falling.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Thailand; Central, Lop Buri, Lam San Ti, Khao Wong Chan Daeng,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.2" value="15.062555">15°03'45.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="101.45475">101°27'17.1"E</geoCoordinate>
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, fr. 26 May 2009,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Wilkin</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Suksathan</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Phonsena</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Triboun</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Keeratikiat</emphasis>
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&
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Plataan</emphasis>
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1500 (holotype QBG!; isotypes BKF!; K!;).
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The habit, vegetative, inflorescence and seedling of Dracaena kaweesakii. A Trunk base showing the pattern of branching and corky, fissured surface B Habit C Branch apex with erect inflorescence D Leaf sheath and blade E Seedling with rosulate leaves. Scale bar: A 50 cm; B 125 cm; C 6 cm; D 3 cm; E 4 cm. From Maxwell 96 - 379 (C), Geesink et al. 8122 (D) and photographs. Drawn by Lucy Smith." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10400" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Photographs of Dracaena kaweesakii showing its habit and reproductive morphology. A Trunk base of large individual showing and corky, fissured surface B habit of relatively small individual C habit viewed from below showing the rich branching D Fertile shoot apex showing the white leaf margins and bearing an inflorescence E Branch apex with infructescence rendered pendent by weight of fruit, narrow branch diameter and leaf scars F Flowers on partial inflorescence showing tepal, stamen and gynoecium orientation, shape and colour and axis indumentum. Photographs by Warakorn Kasempankul / Parinya Siriponamat (A, B, D, F) and Paul Wilkin (C, E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10402" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">-3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10400" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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The habit, vegetative, inflorescence and seedling of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
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Trunk base showing the pattern of branching and corky, fissured surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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Branch apex with erect inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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Leaf sheath and blade
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
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Seedling with rosulate leaves. Scale bar:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
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50 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
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125 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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6 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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3 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
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4 cm. From
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Maxwell</emphasis>
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96-379 (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Geesink</emphasis>
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et al. 8122 (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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) and photographs. Drawn by Lucy Smith.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10401" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Reproductive organ morphology of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
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Part of partial inflorescence bearing solitary flowers
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
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Flower in side view showing tepal shape and orientation and stamens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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Flower with 2 tepals removed showing filaments shape and insertion and gynoecium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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Branch apex showing infructescence in development and peduncular bracts
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
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Branch apex with infructescence rendered pendent by weight of fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">F</emphasis>
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Submature fruit containing two seeds
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">G</emphasis>
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The same fruit in cross-section
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">H, J</emphasis>
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seed in dorsal and side view respectively. Scale bar:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A, F, G</emphasis>
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1 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">B, C, H, J</emphasis>
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7 mm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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4 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
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10 cm. From
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Siriponamat 2</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
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),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Siriponamat</emphasis>
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3 (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Geesink</emphasis>
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et al. 8122 (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">F-J</emphasis>
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) and photographs. Drawn by Lucy Smith.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10402" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Photographs of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing its habit and reproductive morphology.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
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Trunk base of large individual showing and corky, fissured surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
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habit of relatively small individual
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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habit viewed from below showing the rich branching
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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Fertile shoot apex showing the white leaf margins and bearing an inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
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Branch apex with infructescence rendered pendent by weight of fruit, narrow branch diameter and leaf scars
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">F</emphasis>
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Flowers on partial inflorescence showing tepal, stamen and gynoecium orientation, shape and colour and axis indumentum. Photographs by Warakorn Kasempankul/Parinya Siriponamat (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">A, B, D, F</emphasis>
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) and Paul Wilkin (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">C, E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Underground organs</emphasis>
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unknown.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Indumentum</emphasis>
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absent except for inflorescence axes and pedicels with tuberculate-villous trichomes to 0.15 mm long, often dense, sometimes crisped; similar trichomes on margins of leaves and tepal bases and margins.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Habit</emphasis>
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treelike, 3-6 m(-12) m in height at maturity with an approximately equivalent crown diameter; usually much-branched, branches spreading and dividing, with up to several hundred terminal branches in large mature trees, branches rarely as few as ca 10 (mainly in high altitude forms such as those on Doi Chiang Dao).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Trunk</emphasis>
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base to 1 m in diameter, sometimes markedly thicker than where branching begins, usually at ca 30-100 cm above the soil surface, epidermis brown, grey or ash-white, corky and fissured except at branch apices, enclosing cream-coloured, densely fibrous parenchyma, less dense towards centre, denser and heavier than that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jayniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Dracaena jayniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Leaf scars present in apical 30-50 cm of branches where diam. is 1.3-2.4 cm (to 4.2 cm some cultivated plants e.g. Wilkinet al. 1521 perhaps due to increased nutrient availability), epidermis grey to light brown with tightly packed scars.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Leaves</emphasis>
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in dense clusters of ca 20-50 leaves at shoot apices, clusters ca 30-120 cm in diam., 7-10 youngest leaves ascending to spreading, older recurved-pendent; divided into a basal sheath and blade, not pseudopetiolate; sheaths 8-16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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17-32 mm, ovate to ovate-triangular, white (pale brown to mid brown when dry) sometimes with some irregular red markings from dried sap, sheath base clasping stem apex for ca 180°; leaf blades 11-60.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-3.1 cm, lorate-acuminate to linear-acuminate, not or weakly thickened above sheath, softer in texture than other Thai
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occurring on limestone, dark to mid green, thickly chartaceous to thinly coriaceous with a weak longitudinal central costa that is barely visible in apical half of the blade, primary venation parallel, dense sometimes denser in costa than elsewhere, secondary venation not visible; margins ca 1 mm broad and white when fresh, 0.1-0.3 mm wide when dry, to 0.5 mm on sheath, translucent white or pale brown, entire to bearing scattered trichomes, sometimes quite dense on sheath, often concealed by rolling of margins during drying; apex acuminate, terminated by a ca 1.5 mm long blunt, angular apiculus, translucent white to pale brown when dry, similar in appearance to margins.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
terminal on shoot, apical, erect or ascending relative to shoot growth direction in flower but can become pendent in fruit due to their mass, with 4 levels of branching; peduncle (0.8-)3.2-15.5 cm long, primary fertile axis ca 25-38 cm long; partial inflorescences racemose, with a primary axis and flowers in glomerular clusters or solitary towards axis apex; peduncular bracts to 8.7 cm long, foliaceous but with a reduced sheath, lower primary axis bracts to 7.5 cm long, foliaceous, becoming smaller towards apex, ovate-acuminate to broadly so and increasingly brown and scarious towards axis apex, morphologically continuous with bracts of secondary and tertiary axes
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="105" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
glomerular bracts, secondary branches 3.4-19.1 cm long, tertiary branches 1.9-6.2 cm long; glomerules (fourth level of inflorescence branching) composed of 1-3 flowers, internodes between glomerules to 10 mm in length, glomerular bracts 1.2-1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6-1.5 mm, ovate to broadly so, acuminate to acute, pale brown, scarious, clasping glomerule base, floral bracts like glomerular bracts but smaller and tending to be acute rather than acuminate, clasping pedicel base.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
patent to axis to ascending on a 1.2-2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.7 mm, terete-angular pedicel, expanded and articulated at its apex; floral stalk absent, with 0.5-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0-1.4 mm receptacle inserted directly on pedicel apex; tepals 6.0-8.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2-2.6 mm long, narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, free almost to base, erect, with apical half recurved, cream with a green or yellow hue, paler and more translucent towards margins, greener towards apex and along thickened longitudinal costa, apex cucullate, acute to rounded, margins towards apex bearing a fringe of translucent trichomes; filaments 2.2-3.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4-0.7 mm (free part), erect, narrowly lanceoloid, thickened, intense orange, green at base and where fused to tepal base, orange colour derived from bundles of heavily pigmented cells in translucent matrix; anthers dorsifixed, before anthesis 1.7-2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4-0.7(-1.0) mm, pale yellow, oblongoid; ovary 2.4-3.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3-2.0 mm, ellipsoid to narrowly obovoid, pale green, 3-locular, with an apical swelling at the apex of each vertical loculicidal dehiscence line, swelling minutely verrucate and surrounding point of style insertion, style 2.5-3.3 mm long, erect, terete, white, stigma 0.5-0.8 mm in diam, 3-lobed, capitate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Infructescence</emphasis>
|
||
usually with most bracts fallen, trichomes substantially persistent.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||
a berry, tepal remains persistent at base, each berry bearing 1-3 seeds, 6.6-8.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7-8.5 mm and (sub)globose (where 1-seeded), 7.0-8.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
9.9-11.3 mm (2-seeded) or 8.3-8.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
11.2-12.0 mm (3-seeded) and lobed, light to mid brown, becoming orange at maturity but most orange fruit already fallen, when dry with a paler cap around point of style base insertion sometimes bearing stylar remains.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
ca 6-7 mm in diam., globose to broadly triquetrous, pale brown, smooth but microreticulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimens seen from northern, northeastern and central Thailand, but ancedotal evidence exists as to extensive distribution in adjacent Burma (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A map showing the distribution of Dracaena kaweesakii in northern, northeastern and central Thailand based on both specimen data (●) and observations (■). Map Created with SimpleMappr, http: // www. simplemappr. net (Shorthouse 2010)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10403" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) through oral reports of the Burmese workers at Doi Ang Khang, which is on the Thailand/Burma border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10403" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A map showing the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern, northeastern and central Thailand based on both specimen data (●) and observations (■). Map Created with SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shorthouse, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refId="B7" refString="Shorthouse, DP, 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. http://www.simplemappr.net [accessed 2012-11-28]." title="SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. http: // www. simplemappr. net [accessed 2012 - 11 - 28]" year="2010">Shorthouse 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Thailand.</emphasis>
|
||
Northern; Chiang Rai, Mae Sai, Doi Pha Mi/Doi Nang Non/Khun Nam Nang Non,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.8" value="20.37189">20°22'18.8"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.9" value="99.853584">99°51'12.9"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, old infructescence 1 June 2009,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Wilkin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Suksathan</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Wongnak</emphasis>
|
||
1507 (BKF!; K!; QBG!); Mae Sao, Doi Ang Khang Royal Project, cultivated bonsai garden nursery,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="09.1" value="19.902527">19°54'09.1"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.2" value="99.041725">99°02'30.2"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
from a branch brought from a limestone ridge ca 2 km away (in Burma), sterile 30 May 2009,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Wilkin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Suksathan</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Wongnak</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Sumit</emphasis>
|
||
1505 (BKF!; K!; QBG!); Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, sterile 28 Jan. 1913
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Kerr</emphasis>
|
||
2870 (BM!; K!); Doi Chiang Dao, fr. 3 Nov. 1922,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Kerr</emphasis>
|
||
6542 (BM! K!); Doi Chiang Dao (Chiengdao), fr. 22 April 1940,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Garrett</emphasis>
|
||
1189 K!); Doi Chiang Dao, fr. 27 Sep. 1971,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Vidal</emphasis>
|
||
5245 (AAU!; BKF!; L!; P!); Doi Chiang Dao, fr. 6 Jan. 1975,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Geesink, Hiepko & Phengklai</emphasis>
|
||
8122 (K!, L!); Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, north cliffs of Doi Nahng limestone mountain, fl. 17 March 1996,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Maxwell</emphasis>
|
||
96-379 (BKF! CMU); Doi Chiang Dao, Doi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="106" start="start">Chiang</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, ridge to closest peak to ranger station,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="02.3" value="19.383972">19°23'02.3"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="04.4" value="98.85122">98°51'04.4"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, sterile 12 November 2011,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Wilkin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Suksathan</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Trias Blasi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Clark</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Phitak</emphasis>
|
||
1525 (BKF!; K!; QBG!); Mae Sa, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden Botanical Resort, near restaurant, cultivated plant of unknown origin, fr. 8 June 2009,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Wilkin, Suksathan & Sumit</emphasis>
|
||
1521 (BKF!; K!; QBG!). Northeastern; Loei, Nong Hin, near Ban Suan Hom,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.2" value="17.029222">17°01'45.2"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.8" value="101.74133">101°44'28.8"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, fr. 5 June 2009,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Wilkin, Suksathan, Phonsena, Keeratikiat & Tot</emphasis>
|
||
1517 (BKF!; K!; QBG!). Central; Saraburi, Muak Lek, Lam Phaya Klang, Si U-tumpon temple, fl. 23 Mar. 2009,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Sriponamat</emphasis>
|
||
2 (BKF!); Saraburi, Muak Lek, Lam Phaya Klang, Si U-tumpon temple, fl. 7 May 2009,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Sriponamat</emphasis>
|
||
3 (BKF!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="vernacular names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Chan nuu</emphasis>
|
||
(Saraburi, Lop Buri, Loei)
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Chan pa krai</emphasis>
|
||
(Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Chan ku on</emphasis>
|
||
(Shan, Chiang Rai and Burma)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
On limestone rocks from 550-2000 m altitude. In higher mountains on ridge tops (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Chan pa krai</emphasis>
|
||
form) and on the slopes and/or summits where they occur on lower limestone mountains in Loei and Lop Buri Provinces of Thailand. Higher altitude forms tend to be smaller, with fewer branches, a more open crown and smaller leaves, especially when in more exposed habitats. However, trees to ca 8 m in height and diam. and 50 cm DBH can be found in dense montane forest on limestone ridges at high altitude in northern Thailand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
As indicated in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A map showing the distribution of Dracaena kaweesakii in northern, northeastern and central Thailand based on both specimen data (●) and observations (■). Map Created with SimpleMappr, http: // www. simplemappr. net (Shorthouse 2010)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10403" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, there are two groups of lowland populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in Saraburi and Lop Buri (Central Thailand), where we have reports supported by photographs of seven populations in addition to the localities represented by
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Wilkin</emphasis>
|
||
et al. 1500 and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Sriponamat</emphasis>
|
||
2 and 3. It is found near Nong Hin in Loei Province (northeastern Thailand). There are three known localities in northern Thailand; at Doi Chiang Dao and near Doi Ang Khang and Mae Sai. These population locations were imported into GeoCAT (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bachman, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="117 - 126" publicationUrl="10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" refId="B1" refString="Bachman, S, Moat, J, Hill, A, de la, Torre J, Scott, B, 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126, 10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" title="Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool." url="10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" volume="150" year="2011">Bachman et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; http://geocat.kew.org/) and extent of occurrence (EOO) was calculated to be 73, 657 km2, while area of occupancy (AOO) was calculated to be 44 km2 based on a cell width of 2 km. However, anecdotal reports suggest the species is also distributed well into Burma on limestone ridges. The authors have seen populations of 10s to 100s of individuals and we have received reports of seven populations with sizes from eight to 150 mature plants in Saraburi and Lop Buri Provinces, suggesting that there are likely to be a few hundred plants in central Thailand. There appear to be few plants of Chan pa krai on Doi Chiang Dao. Thus it is likely that even including its distribution in Burma there would be less than 2, 500 mature individuals, the threshold for criterion C of EN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, , 2001. Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories-criteria." title="Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / categories-and-criteria / 2001 - categories-criteria" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extracted from the wild for use in horticulture in Thailand and is one of the more popular taxa due to its extensive branching. A number of populations are protected by proximity to temples or having been transplanted into their gardens. There is no evidence yet of over-extraction but sustainability studies are needed at population level; the authors have, for example, encountered an alley of vegetation being cleared to remove
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a limestone karst in Loei Province. Limestone habitats are generally threatened in Thailand by extraction for concrete manufacture, especially those closest to cities such as Bangkok; the populations in Saraburi and Lop Buri are the most vulnerable to this threat. Fires can also be
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="107" start="start">problematic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Thus a preliminary assessment of Endangered (EN B2b (ii, iii, iv, v) C1) based on the criteria of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, , 2001. Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories-criteria." title="Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / categories-and-criteria / 2001 - categories-criteria" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Used in horticulture in Thailand.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
This species is named for our collaborator, friend and co-author Toi (Keeratkiat Kaweesak) to recognise of his extensive knowledge of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Chan</emphasis>
|
||
diversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
As indicated in
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. A summary of the main morphological character state differences between Dracaena kaweesakii and Dracaena yuccifolia Ridl." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/47D401BDDD8262195B8498BDB7C5AE5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" tableUuid="47D401BDDD8262195B8498BDB7C5AE5B">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ridl" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuccifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena yuccifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in both vegetative and reproductive characters. It has up to several hundred branches, while the latter does not exceed about 80. The leaf sheaths are white (brown when dry) and lack the yellow or dark brown pigmentation found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The leaf blades of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a distinctive a narrow white margin when fresh. The inflorescence axis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tuberculate-villous not glabrous to microaculeate, and it lacks a floral stalk above the pedicel articulation; thus the flower is inserted directly at the pedicel apex. The tepals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are cream-green or cream-yellow, with intense orange filaments (as opposed to bright white tepals and filaments), the anthers 1.7-2.2 mm long (as opposed to1.0-1.4 mm) and the style 2.2-3.3 mm long (as opposed to 3.4-5.5 mm). The ovary is broader (1.3-2.0 versus 0.5-1.1 mm) and fruits that largely remain brown on the infructescence, turning orange only just before or after falling (dull light red on the infructescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ridl" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuccifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Dracaena yuccifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="start">Two</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimens collected on Hainan Island,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">How</emphasis>
|
||
70949 &
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Lau</emphasis>
|
||
225 may belong to an expanded concept of this species or a morphologically distinct close relative. Both have relatively thin leaves with pale margins and narrow terminal shoots; floral colour and dimensions also appear similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. tepals ca 6.5 mm long), although there are no flowers at anthesis on those specimens. They both differ in possessing glabrous inflorescence axes, up to 5 flowers per glomerule and a stalk above the point of articulation of the pedicel. Neither is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochinchinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Dracaena cochinchinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as they have been determined. Both specimens possess a few leaves and an inflorescence with a few closed flowers. The taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with free tepals in Hainan needs urgent revision including field-based study of fertile plants, not least to provide conservation status information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilkin & Suksathan" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweesakii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Dracaena kaweesakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were said to be dispersed by squirrels at Nong Hin in Loei Province. This may explain the late transition from brown to orange in colour around the time of fruit fall. Other species in Thailand have dull red fruits on the infructescence, bird dispersal appears likely. Field studies are needed to test these hypotheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |