166 lines
17 KiB
XML
166 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="B4BB447FDB6029F151C657A521435FDB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19cf13dc-ccff-48cd-bd4f-c5d3f2593c96" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158237" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461036139229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="González, Jorge M. & Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2004" docId="03BA87FEFFEC455AFE85F98856C1FCF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00762.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 762" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Synpalamides phalaris Fabricius 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF83FF86FFE8455FFF8DFF94547BFFE6" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698574733341" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FE26A2CCE040BCB5090828FCE3EEB80A">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E8CDE578517E6869BABC6671B9D43B6">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79FE7D4157D4847614F381086F1FC2CB">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B1CB188FE94B4C6B2705E6E647A8C8AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="349DAB1CBEA8547E3242FECA9222FB70">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DF0C71F02718C77CEFE28CB65DF5B7BC">762</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BA87FEFFEC455AFE85F98856C1FCF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271426" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87FEFFEC455AFE85F98856C1FCF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87FEFFEC455AFE85F98856C1FCF0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEC455BFE85F9885734F9D0" box="[264,847,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEC455BFE85F9885734F9D0" blockId="4.[264,847,1564,1590]" box="[264,847,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0E48184FFEC455BFE85F9885734F9D0" bold="true" box="[264,847,1564,1590]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFE85F9885734F9D0" bold="true" box="[264,847,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455BFE85F9885695F9D0" ID-CoL="53YJW" authority="Fabricius 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[264,750,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFE85F9885661F9D0" bold="true" box="[264,538,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Synpalamides phalaris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFDA7F988569DF9D0" author="Fabricius" box="[554,742,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendate et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. G. Proft, Fil. Et Soc., Hafniae, 3 (1), 487 pp." type="book" year="1793">Fabricius 1793</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 4)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEC455AFE85F9F3575BFD20" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEC455BFE85F9F35074F99B" blockId="4.[264,1039,1638,1662]" box="[264,1039,1638,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455BFE85F9F3566BF99B" ID-CoL="967HD" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[264,528,1638,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFE85F9F355E7F998" box="[264,412,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Castnia argus</emphasis>
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Boisduval
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</taxonomicName>
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[1875]:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFDE1F9F25683F99B" author="Lathy" box="[620,760,1638,1661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1925) The Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 242 - 243." type="journal article" year="1925">Lathy (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFC80F9F25070F99B" author="Kaye" box="[781,1035,1638,1661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye & Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEC455AFE85F925575BFD20" blockId="4.[264,1323,1713,1899]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,790]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Although widely distributed in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFD73F9255732F92D" box="[766,841,1713,1739]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFCD7F92557B9F92D" box="[858,962,1713,1739]" name="Uruguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFB84F925500DF92D" box="[1033,1142,1713,1739]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFB06F925515EF92D" author="Lamas" box="[1163,1317,1713,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFE85F94D55ECF915" author="Miller" box="[264,407,1753,1779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
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), this species is rarely recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFCA0F94D57EEF915" box="[813,917,1753,1779]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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. No other records are known to us from northern South
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEC455BFD8CF8955611F8FD" box="[513,618,1793,1819]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFDFBF89557F7F8FD" author="Kaye" box="[630,908,1793,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye & Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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record one specimen (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455BFB31F895515AF8FC" ID-CoL="967HD" box="[1212,1313,1793,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFB31F895515AF8FC" box="[1212,1313,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. argus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) captured at Moruga,
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<date id="FFAD1028FFEC455BFD8CF8BD56DBF8A5" box="[513,672,1833,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1920-11-16">16 Nov 1920</date>
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, by E. E. Fabien, but we have not seen this specimen.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEC455BFE85F8C555E0F88D" author="Kaye" box="[264,411,1873,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J. (1940) Additions and corrections to the recorded species of Trinidad butterflies (Lepid. Rhop.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 90, 551 - 573." type="journal article" year="1940">Kaye (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that E. E. Fabien captured a specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEC455AFC5AF8C55596FED0" ID-CoL="4QVQQ" authority="Aurivillius" authorityName="Aurivillius" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pyrrhogyra" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crameri">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEC455BFC5AF8C550BFF88C" box="[983,1220,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pyrrhogyra crameri</emphasis>
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Aurivillius (Nymphalidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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at Moruga in
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<date id="FFAD1028FFED455AFD11FE885754FED0" box="[668,815,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1922-03">March 1922</date>
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. No further captures of this butterfly were made, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFE04FED05641FEB8" author="Barcant" box="[393,570,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Barcant, M. (1970) Butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago. Collins, London, 314 pp." type="book" year="1970">Barcant (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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considered this a doubtful
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFED455AFCF1FED0579BFEB8" box="[892,992,324,350]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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species.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFBC1FED0509BFEB8" author="Cock" box="[1100,1248,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (1981) Notes on rare butterflies including two species new to Trinidad. Living World. Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club, 1981 - 1982, 23 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1981">Cock (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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rediscovered
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFEFCFEF8558BFE63" ID-CoL="4QVQQ" box="[369,496,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pyrrhogyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crameri">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFEFCFEF8558BFE63" box="[369,496,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. crameri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in lowland swamp forest near Moruga in 1980, suggesting that
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFA99FEF85511FE4B" ID-CoL="53YJW" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFA99FEF85511FE4B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. phalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may also be found in this habitat. Furthermore, MJWC captured the second known
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFED455AFEEFFE2855BDFE30" box="[354,454,444,470]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFDE0FE28568BFE33" ID-CoL="53YJW" box="[621,752,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFDE0FE28568BFE33" box="[621,752,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. phalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at the edge of Caroni Swamp, in west Central
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFED455AFE85FE705517FE18" box="[264,364,484,510]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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during the dry season,
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<date id="FFAD1028FFED455AFDF7FE705691FE18" box="[634,746,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1982-02">Feb 1982</date>
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. Epiphytic
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFCE3FE705074FE18" ID-CoL="622GQ" box="[878,1039,484,510]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
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in the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFB3FFE705150FE1B" ID-CoL="8VXZW" box="[1202,1323,484,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFB3FFE705150FE1B" box="[1202,1323,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guzmania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFEB6FD9855DCFDC3" ID-CoL="8VVRJ" box="[315,423,524,549]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFEB6FD9855DCFDC3" box="[315,423,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bromelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are known to be hosts of this dayflying moth (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFC69FD98500CFDC0" author="Miller" box="[996,1143,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
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). However, the 1982 area of collection in
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFED455AFDCFFDA056DDFDA8" box="[578,678,564,590]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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was grassy with scattered trees and a few bushes of a
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFE85FDC85515FD93" ID-CoL="63SD9" box="[264,366,604,629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFE85FDC85515FD93" box="[264,366,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Solanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFE26FDC85649FD90" ID-CoL="626XM" box="[427,562,604,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFDF5FDC85762FD90" ID-CoL="622GQ" box="[632,793,604,630]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
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were not conspicuous. Probably
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFB24FDC85150FD93" ID-CoL="53YJW" box="[1193,1323,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFB24FDC85150FD93" box="[1193,1323,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. phalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was not breeding in the immediate vicinity, and this male could have been engaged in mate location at this site (J.
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<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFED455AFD88FD385666FD20" box="[517,541,684,710]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Y</collectingCountry>
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. Miller, pers. comm.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3096563FFED455AFEB5FD4056C1FCF0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFED455AFEB5FD4056C1FCF0" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Material examined: CARONI: 1ɗ, Caroni Swamp, 0.75 mi. SSW of Cacandee Sluice,
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<date id="FFAD1028FFED455AFE85FD6855E6FCF0" box="[264,413,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1982-02-20">20 Feb 1982</date>
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, M.J.W. Cock (
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<collectionCode id="ED02AE2DFFED455AFDDFFD6856D6FCF0" box="[594,685,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MJWC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |