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<document id="32DD909CCF1959D28CB6654913BF1886" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19cf13dc-ccff-48cd-bd4f-c5d3f2593c96" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158237" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461036139229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="González, Jorge M. &amp; Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2004" docId="03BA87FEFFEB455CFE85FDC856AAFA48" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00762.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 762" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Athis fuscorubra Houlbert 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF83FF86FFE8455FFF8DFF94547BFFE6" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698574733341" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="29549EBA0CCA976222A01B8BD43EB57E">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12DD37B9D7CC4488A921475FCD4B1AEC">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A59FDA04B80FD04435E628BD8E889452">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F8F1FF9F761FCAFA6E037FB56E0F5802">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BA87FEFFEB455CFE85FDC856AAFA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87FEFFEB455CFE85FDC856AAFA48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87FEFFEB455CFE85FDC856AAFA48" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEB455CFE85FDC8577FFD93" box="[264,772,603,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455CFE85FDC8577FFD93" blockId="3.[264,772,603,630]" box="[264,772,603,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0E48184FFEB455CFE85FDC8577FFD93" bold="true" box="[264,772,603,630]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85FDC8577FFD93" bold="true" box="[264,772,603,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE85FDC856D8FD93" ID-CoL="688VC" authority="Houlbert 1917" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[264,675,603,630]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscorubra">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85FDC855AFFD90" bold="true" box="[264,468,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Athis fuscorubra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFE69FDCF56E0FD93" author="Houlbert" box="[484,667,603,629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indument employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 13, 49 - 87." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEB455CFE85FD365027FAB8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455CFE85FD3657F3FD5E" blockId="3.[264,904,673,697]" box="[264,904,673,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE85FD365607FD5E" ID-CoL="967JL" authority="Houlbert 1917" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[264,636,673,697]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscorubra">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE85FD3655ADFD5F" box="[264,470,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castnia fuscorubra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFE50FD355607FD5E" author="Houlbert" box="[477,636,673,696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indument employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 13, 49 - 87." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD0BFD3557FFFD5E" author="Kaye" box="[646,900,673,696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455CFE85FD785027FAB8" blockId="3.[264,1324,748,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species appears to have a wide distribution in South
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFC35FD78505AFCE0" box="[952,1057,748,774]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">America</collectingCountry>
; specimens have been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFE37FC80565AFCC8" box="[442,545,788,814]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFDA3FC80561CFCC8" box="[558,615,788,814]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perú</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFDF9FC8056ACFCC8" box="[628,727,788,814]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFC94FC8057EAFCC8" box="[793,913,788,814]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFC2FFC8050D5FCC8" author="Kaye" box="[930,1198,788,814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont 1927</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB31FC80553DFCB0" author="Gonzalez" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2004) Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40 (3), (in press)" type="journal article" year="2004">González 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFED8FCA8567FFCB0" author="Houlbert" box="[341,516,828,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indument employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 13, 49 - 87." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert 1917</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD9EFCA8562AFCB0" author="Houlbert" box="[531,593,828,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 15, 1 - 730." type="journal article" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFDEDFCA85695FCB0" author="Lathy" box="[608,750,828,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1922) An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 9 (49), 68 - 86." type="journal article" year="1922">Lathy 1922</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is not a common species and has been reported to be “at risk” in
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFDF5FCF0568FFC98" box="[632,756,868,894]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; due to insufficient knowledge, no specific peril of extinction has been assigned (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFD0CFC185078FC40" author="Rodriguez" box="[641,1027,908,934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Rodriguez, J. P., &amp; Rojas-Suarez, F. (1995) Libro Rojo de la Fauna Venezolana. Provita-Fundacion Polar, Caracas, 444 pp." type="book" year="1995">Rodríguez &amp; Rojas­Suárez 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB9AFC185153FC40" author="Kaye" box="[1047,1320,908,934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFE31FC2056FFFC2B" ID-CoL="688VC" box="[444,644,948,973]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscorubra">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFE31FC2056FFFC2B" box="[444,644,948,973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Athis fuscorubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a “possible … form of”
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFC63FC2050A2FC28" ID-CoL="95ZWK" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1006,1241,948,974]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFC63FC20501CFC2B" box="[1006,1127,948,973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Athis inca</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFA9DFC205541FC13" ID-CoL="95ZWK" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFA9DFC205541FC13" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but this is not correct. The southernmost distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFC7BFC485030FC13" ID-CoL="95ZWK" box="[1014,1099,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFC7BFC485030FC13" box="[1014,1099,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFBFCFC4850B5FC10" box="[1137,1230,988,1014]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB52FC48553EFBF8" author="Miller" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFED8FB9055EFFBF8" author="Miller" box="[341,404,1028,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
). The confusion may have arisen because
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFC17FB905794FBFB" ID-CoL="95ZWK" box="[922,1007,1028,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFC17FB905794FBFB" box="[922,1007,1028,1053]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB5BFB90552DFBA0" author="Walker" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lepidoptera Heterocera. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker (1854)</bibRefCitation>
based on material from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFDF0FBB85689FBA0" box="[637,754,1068,1094]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, “
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFC87FBB857F0FBA0" box="[778,907,1068,1094]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
”, and
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFC5AFBB8504FFBA0" box="[983,1076,1068,1094]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFB31FBB8552DFB88" author="Gonzalez" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2004) Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40 (3), (in press)" type="journal article" year="2004">González (2004)</bibRefCitation>
suggests that the only
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFDE3FBC05693FB8B" ID-CoL="95ZWK" box="[622,744,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFDE3FBC05693FB8B" box="[622,744,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Athis inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFC21FBC0505FFB88" box="[940,1060,1108,1134]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(in BMNH) is mislabeled. Furthermore, the Venezuelan
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFD39FBE850C0FB70" authority="Gonzalez &amp; Fernandez Yepez" authorityName="Gonzalez &amp; Fernandez Yepez" box="[692,1211,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axaqua">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFD39FBE85734FB73" box="[692,847,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Athis axaqua</emphasis>
González &amp; Fernández Yépez
</taxonomicName>
, which is more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFDADFB3056D2FB5B" box="[544,681,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinchoni">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFDADFB3056D2FB5B" box="[544,681,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. pinchoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFD69FB30579CFB58" ID-CoL="5W8VB" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" box="[740,999,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFD69FB305708FB5B" box="[740,883,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. palatinus</emphasis>
(Cramer)
</taxonomicName>
than to the Central American
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFECDFB5855D8FB03" box="[320,419,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFECDFB5855E6FB03" ID-CoL="95ZWK" box="[320,413,1228,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">A. inca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
was commonly called “
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEB455CFD50FB585702FB03" ID-CoL="69F3R" box="[733,889,1228,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEB455CFD50FB585702FB03" box="[733,889,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Castnia inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and this added to the confusion (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFE9DFB6055B0FAE8" author="Gonzalez" box="[272,459,1268,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2004) Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40 (3), (in press)" type="journal article" year="2004">González 2004</bibRefCitation>
). This species is known from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFCB2FB6057D8FAE8" box="[831,931,1268,1294]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
from just two specimens in the BMNH, neither with precise locality data, and one in AME. The Lowsley specimen in BMNH is that referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEB455CFDD1FAD05714FAB8" author="Kaye" box="[604,879,1348,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
as “in coll. Joicey”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEB455CFEB5FAF856AAFA48" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEB455CFEB5FAF856AAFA48" blockId="3.[264,1324,748,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Material Examined: NARIVA: 1ɗ, Rio Claro, R. Dick (AME);
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEB455CFB90FAF850D4FA60" box="[1053,1199,1388,1414]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TRINIDAD</collectingCountry>
: 1ɗ, Lowsley (
<collectionCode id="ED02AE2DFFEB455CFECAFA0055DEFA48" box="[327,421,1428,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BMNH</collectionCode>
); 1Ψ, Ex Lathy (
<collectionCode id="ED02AE2DFFEB455CFDEBFA0056BFFA48" box="[614,708,1428,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>