254 lines
31 KiB
XML
254 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3374/014.054.0202" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a23d441-2224-4f17-9775-825dd8bfc76e" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3897695" checkinTime="1592345285956" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Dalman, Sebastian G." docDate="2013" docId="03BA87C4FFBDFFDEF5DEFA04FE991C41" docLanguage="en" docName="BPeabodyMusNatHi.54.2.241-254.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="cf. Tyrannosaurus Osborn 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="249" masterDocId="FF83FFBCFFBBFFD5F70BFFF2FF831B53" masterDocTitle="New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1673633875280" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalman, Sebastian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Geosciences, Fort Hays State University, 600 Park Street, Hays, KS 67601 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sebastiandalman@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-10-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>54</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>241</mods:start>
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<mods:end>254</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3374/014.054.0202</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">7a23d441-2224-4f17-9775-825dd8bfc76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3897695</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233794" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5233794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87C4FFBDFFDEF5DEFA04FE991C41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87C4FFBDFFDEF5DEFA04FE991C41" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="6.[725,1143,1526,1614]" box="[725,1143,1526,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">
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<heading bold="true" box="[725,1143,1526,1550]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,815,1527,1548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">FAMILY</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1906" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[820,1143,1526,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Tyrannosauridae
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<bibRefCitation author="Osborn" box="[1003,1143,1526,1550]" firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" pagination="281 - 296" part="22" refId="ref9304" refString="- 1906. Tyrannosaurus, Upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 22: 281 - 296" title="Tyrannosaurus, Upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication)" type="journal article" year="1906">Osborn, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<heading bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" reason="0">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[725,1143,1526,1614]" box="[741,1127,1558,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[759,820,1559,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">GENUS</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[826,1127,1558,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[826,982,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Osborn" box="[987,1127,1558,1582]" firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref9275" refString="OSBORN, H. F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[841,1027,1590,1614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[725,1143,1526,1614]" box="[841,1027,1590,1614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[841,1027,1590,1614]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="cf. Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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cf.
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<emphasis box="[871,1027,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[684,1184,1651,1725]" lastBlockId="6.[684,1184,1763,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383358" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" formation="Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" preparations="one dentary tooth and one lateral tooth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 002220(A, B)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">
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Material.
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<collectionCode box="[763,806,1653,1672]" collectionName="YPM" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">YPM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[812,954,1652,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">VP 002220(A, B)</specimenCode>
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, one dentary tooth and one lateral tooth without roots and
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383335" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" formation="Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" preparations="seven lateral teeth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 054459(A-G)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">
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YPM VP 054459(A–G), seven lateral teeth without roots. Horizon and locality. Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87C4FFBDFFDEF5DEFA04FE991C41:8ECC6009FFBDFFD3F37CF911FC081C41" country="United States of America" name="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" stateProvince="Wyoming">
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Buck Creek,
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<quantity box="[741,791,1790,1810]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="246" unit="km" value="37.0">37 km</quantity>
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north of Lusk
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</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[914,998,1790,1810]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1005,1046,1791,1810]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="246">USA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3897701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3897701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3897701/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" startId="7.[184,242,1614,1633]" targetBox="[222,1169,178,1454]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[184,1216,1611,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">
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FIGURE 3.
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[268,445,1613,1634]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[268,445,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383318" box="[457,652,1611,1634]" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" county="Big Horn County" location="SW1/4, SE1/4, Sec.7, T57N, R99W" pageId="7" pageNumber="247" preparations="right anterior dentary with teeth" specimenCode="YPM VPPU 016516" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VPPU 016516</materialsCitation>
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) right anterior dentary fragment from the Bighorn basin of Wyoming, USA.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[343,360,1638,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">A</emphasis>
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, lateral.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[436,451,1639,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">B</emphasis>
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, medial.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[534,550,1638,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">C</emphasis>
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, dorsal.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[626,644,1639,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">D</emphasis>
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, ventral.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,743,1639,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">E</emphasis>
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, anterior.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[837,903,1638,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">A1–E1</emphasis>
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, interpretive drawings of the dentary fragment.
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<emphasis box="[326,463,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="247">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
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ab, convex articular brace “chin” on the dentary symphysis; alv, alveolus; alvr, alveolar row of foramina; gdl, groove for dental lamina; idp, interdental plates; fio, foramen intermandibularis oralis; ip, inflection point where anterior and ventral margins of dentary meet; lb, lingual bar; mg, Meckelian groove; rim, sinuous rim continuing anterodorsally from articular brace of symphysis; ids, interdentary symphysis; rs, rugose surface; t, tooth; ventr, ventral row of foramina.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3897703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3897703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3897703/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" startId="8.[152,210,1492,1511]" targetBox="[188,1148,184,1445]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[152,1184,1490,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">
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FIGURE 4. Examples of an adult
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[438,615,1490,1511]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[438,615,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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dentaries from the Hell Creek Formation Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of North America.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383341" box="[490,649,1516,1538]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=47761 " pageId="8" pageNumber="248" specimenCode="AMNH 5027">AMNH FR 5027</materialsCitation>
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from Dry Creek, McCone County, Montana.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383346" box="[1092,1184,1516,1538]" collectionCode="BHI" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" specimenCode="BHI 3033">BHI 3033</materialsCitation>
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from the Niemi Ranch, near Buffalo, Harding County, South Dakota.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,824,1543,1564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">A</emphasis>
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, lateral.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[903,918,1543,1564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">B</emphasis>
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, medial. All photographs by Lawrence Witmer; used with permission.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[152,653,1630,1810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">
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Description.In this description nine teeth,specimens
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383349" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" preparations="one dentary tooth and one lateral tooth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 002220(A, B)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 002220(A, B)</materialsCitation>
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and
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383339" box="[306,501,1657,1677]" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" preparations="seven lateral teeth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 054459(A-G)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 054459(A–G)</materialsCitation>
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are referred to cf.
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[152,274,1685,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[152,274,1685,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[152,653,1630,1810]" lastBlockId="9.[184,684,1657,1810]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">
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The dentary tooth
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383321" box="[339,500,1711,1730]" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" preparations="one dentary tooth and one lateral tooth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 002220(A, B)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 002220(A)</materialsCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[510,575,1710,1730]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[184,241,831,850]" captionTargetBox="[301,1099,188,779]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[301,1099,188,779]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tyrannosaurus rex YPM VP 002220(A) first dentary tooth from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) Buck Creek of Wyoming, USA. A, lateral. B, posterior. C, crown base cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3897713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3897713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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A–C) has a crown height of 4.8 cm and is missing the root. The crown has a D-shaped cross section, a characteristic of the first dentary tooth of
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[217,364,1791,1809]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[217,364,1791,1809]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Brochu" box="[374,476,1790,1810]" firstAuthor="Brochu" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoire" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 138" part="7, 22" refId="ref6852" refString="BROCHU, C. A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoire 7, 22: 1 - 138." title="Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[483,573,1790,1810]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;N.L.
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<bibRefCitation author="LARSON, N. L." box="[618,763,1631,1810]" editor="P. Larson & K. Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Bloomington: Indiana University Press" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref8786" refString="LARSON, N. L. 2008. One hundred years of Tyrannosaurus rex: the skeletons. In: P. Larson and K. Carpenter, ed. Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 1 - 55." title="One hundred years of Tyrannosaurus rex: the skeletons" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King" year="2008">Larson 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). The labial face of the tooth is convex anteriorly, whereas the mesial and distal faces are flattened and elongated (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith and Dodson" box="[690,901,1683,1703]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 12" part="23" refId="ref9669" refString="SMITH, J. B. AND P. DODSON. 2003. A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (1): 1 - 12" title="A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions" type="journal article" year="2003">Smith and Dodson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[912,1012,1683,1703]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The lingual face is rounded and apically and it resembles the premaxillary teeth (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[689,787,1737,1757]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The basal long axis of the tooth is mesiodistally oriented the same way as it is in the known examples of
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1137,1184,1765,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[1137,1184,1765,1783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="248">T. rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[689,785,1790,1810]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="8" pageNumber="248" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).The carinae are linguomesially and linguodistally oriented, whereas their bases are labially oriented (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carr and Williamson" firstAuthor="Carr" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" pagination="479 - 523" part="142" refId="ref7407" refString="- 2004. Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) fromthe western North America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142: 479 - 523." title="Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) fromthe western North America" type="journal article" year="2004">Carr and Williamson 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[331,425,1683,1703]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3897705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3897705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3897705/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" startId="9.[184,240,895,914]" targetBox="[198,1203,185,848]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[184,1217,892,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
|
||
FIGURE 5. Pedal phalanx II-2
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383305" box="[433,617,892,915]" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" preparations="two isolated digital pedal phalanges II-2 and III-2 of the left foot" specimenCode="YPM VP 057488(A) and YPM VP 057488B" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 057488(A)</materialsCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[644,815,894,915]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis box="[644,815,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Buck Creek of Wyoming, USA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[479,495,920,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">A</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[620,635,920,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">B</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[765,781,919,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">C</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[906,924,920,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">D</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1056,1069,920,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">E</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,197,947,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">F</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[338,355,946,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">G</emphasis>
|
||
, position of pedal phalanx II-2 in the foot (left foot).
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,961,946,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Abbreviation:</emphasis>
|
||
lp, lateral ligament pit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3897707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3897707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3897707/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" startId="9.[184,241,1541,1560]" targetBox="[277,1125,1034,1487]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[184,1216,1538,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
|
||
FIGURE 6. Examples of the pedal phalanx II-2 of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[673,849,1539,1560]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,849,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383327" box="[860,1017,1539,1561]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="FMNH PR 2081">FMNH PR 2081</materialsCitation>
|
||
) from the Hell Creek Formation Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of South Dakota, USA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[838,855,1565,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">A</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,996,1565,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">B</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1131,1147,1565,1587]" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">C</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,365,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Abbreviation:</emphasis>
|
||
lp, lateral ligament pit. Pedal phalanx II-2 redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brochu" box="[900,1039,1592,1614]" firstAuthor="Brochu" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoire" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 138" part="7, 22" refId="ref6852" refString="BROCHU, C. A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoire 7, 22: 1 - 138." title="Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[184,684,1657,1810]" lastBlockId="11.[184,684,1657,1810]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">
|
||
The lateral teeth
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383319" box="[378,556,1711,1730]" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" preparations="one dentary tooth and one lateral tooth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 002220(A, B)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 002220(B)</materialsCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383312" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" preparations="seven lateral teeth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 054459(A-G)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 054459(A–G)</materialsCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[309,387,1737,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[184,241,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[190,1210,922,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[190,1210,922,1504]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tyrannosaurus rex lateral teeth YPM VP 002220(B) and YPM VP 054459(A–G) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Buck Creek of Wyoming, USA.A, lateral. B, lingual." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3897715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3897715/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B) are significantly smaller when compared to teeth of an adult
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[436,594,1765,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,594,1765,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="249">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their relatively small size suggests that these teeth belong to juveniles or subadult individuals. The teeth are laterally compressed, re-curved, serrated and have elliptical bases. In all the teeth the mesial carina has a linguomesial orientation and is situated close to the lingual face of the crown, whereas the distal carina is situated along the labiodistal edge of the crown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie" box="[722,834,1790,1810]" firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" pagination="191 - 226" part="48" refId="ref7698" refString="CURRIE, P. J. 2003 a. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2): 191 - 226." title="Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada" type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Currie 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[842,941,1790,1810]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="9" pageNumber="249" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both carinae meet and are contiguous over the tip of the crown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[481,584,1657,1677]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" pagination="865 - 887" part="25" refId="ref9632" refString="SMITH, J. B. 2005. Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 865 - 887" title="Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The labial and lingual faces of the tooth crown
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396383336" box="[509,684,1684,1704]" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" location="Buck Creek, 37 km north of Lusk" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" preparations="one dentary tooth and one lateral tooth without roots" specimenCode="YPM VP 002220(A, B)" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wyoming">YPM VP 002220(B)</materialsCitation>
|
||
have distinctive enamel wrinkles that are perpendicular to the apicobasal axis of the tooth crown as in some other examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[286,411,1765,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,411,1765,1783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="251">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth such as MOR 555 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brusatte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brusatte" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="251" pagination="1052 - 1056" part="27" refId="ref6893" refString="BRUSATTE, S. L., R. B. J. BENSON, T. D. CARR, T. E. WILLIAMSON AND P. C. SERENO. 2007. The systematic utility of theropod enamel wrinkles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (4): 1052 - 1056." title="The systematic utility of theropod enamel wrinkles" type="journal article" year="2007">Brusatte et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |