195 lines
22 KiB
XML
195 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EDFFCB678FCD24BF626E728A2DFB34E3">Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4C234B024D56E0347D52997988741C9">Brescovit, Antonio D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="FE0772E732F52B9C68F697CC2233C09F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE0772E732F52B9C68F697CC2233C09F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE0772E732F52B9C68F697CC2233C09F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="1CEB2D681A55262F90B8E57E6C3A24D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="71344A40744E44A3C1D9AC13DBD3C8DE" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Caponiidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65F3B4E636A04C43337C38B8D61325FA" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA046641472EBED719322DE6F71BA5BB" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="0491CA415F75545B10352831238C3D20" ID-CoL="648FR" authority="Platnick, 1994" authorityName="Platnick" authorityYear="1994" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tisentnops Platnick, 1994</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D39B44D9B7409D581977392E447E9902" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DB806E8CE591B19A655D2575A30C9250" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="F3702BBA87C5E7167CD736AF9CD3FE9D" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tisentnops</taxonomicName>
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Platnick, 1994b: 9 (Type species by original designation
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<taxonomicName id="5F37152FB7EF53743E4AD5A5053C8C4E" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Caponina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caponina leopoldi" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leopoldi">Caponina leopoldi</taxonomicName>
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Zapfe).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="29B097DF334F6E4D9CD48ABC44AE513D" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="DC0433894B95943765DBB236A7357FD8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F43DD7687B27856D9863A18435D82190" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<bibRefCitation id="F84922EB6D0131B79C12B2A20E504664" author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="30" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 10" title="A review of the Chilean spiders of the family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae)." volume="3113" year="1994 b">Platnick (1994b</bibRefCitation>
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: 9) reported that the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="B34783B6AFD82B141AF8232A00EC3436" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops leopoldi" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leopoldi">Tisentnops leopoldi</taxonomicName>
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(Zapfe) was in the Museo de Historia Natural de Santiago de Chile, and this specimen, probably a female, was extremely deteriorated. The type was examined by the first author during a recent trip to Chile. Now, with specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="0E1A6AF346F1381F85297AB3FED5305B" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops mineiro" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineiro">Tisentnops mineiro</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="EFDC8008EB373AA16E0A8FDC1B59FCEE" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops onix" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onix">Tisentnops onix</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., an emendation is presented to the generic description. The eyes previously used in
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<bibRefCitation id="76E3021063D77BDA37FFBFC86C52E000" author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="30" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 10" title="A review of the Chilean spiders of the family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae)." volume="3113" year="1994 b">Platnick (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
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as diagnostic characters are no longer applicable because some species in this genus lack eyes (Figs 1A, 5E).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DA6DB6513FEA3DA6E61775AF7650BEB9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph id="91299359AADA75E00B5163358101ABCF" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="543C705CA3135A416478634399B372E2" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops mineiro" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineiro">Tisentnops mineiro</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male holotype (
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<normalizedToken id="30B8DB4C3175F4CFB46D2E79EFF24192" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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, J), female paratype, IBSP 191294 (
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<normalizedToken id="1D59722D2A9B1CA6077B74FC80DE754D" originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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). A habitus, dorsal view B mouthparts, ventral view C leg I, prolateral view D left male palp, ventral view, showing alveolus (bulb removed) E male bulb, prolateral view F same, retrolateral view G left male palp, prolateral view (bulb removed) H female external genitalia, ventral view I carapace, ventral view J male femur I, retrolateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="049B68AD25006C5C4DD981280F20EE09" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D05C5654C622DBE24C452BBBB8E693C8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B54E3D584F1560222FE7EAD5BCCB895" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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Members of the genus can be easily separated from all other caponiid genera by the distally widened palpal endites, as in
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<taxonomicName id="A98742BC3DB5622FD42814A01779F207" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Diploglena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diploglena" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diploglena</taxonomicName>
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, but uniquely modified with a series of setae with elongated sockets in the sub-marginal and anterior margin(Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="35C97FAD05A75C1A4820E091E1408E4D" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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). These elongated sockets may also be present in anterior legs (Fig. 1C, J).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="750A343B9B958A366A919B1950384620" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph id="A1B2202465ECCC3BFB607E2DD15CD49E" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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Figure 2. SEM images of
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<taxonomicName id="600AF6C33AEA8F5B8818DEBA297DA819" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops mineiro" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineiro">Tisentnops mineiro</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female (IBSP 191297) (
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<normalizedToken id="A273CFB47E8CC53896C5E7F894D95E5D" originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
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).
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<normalizedToken id="BCCD0CA58CC1006A236455FB53D99843" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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chelicerae, ventral view C left endite, ventral view D detail on left endite, ventral view E right endite and labium, ventral view F detail apical on right endite, ventral view G base of right endite, ventral view H left pedipalp, retrolateral view I tip detail of left pedipalp, retrolateral view J femur of left pedipalp, retrolateral view K right pedipalp, prolateral view L tip detail of right pedipalp, prolateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D19C0AB507A7F778A94C30F67DF4ADE1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph id="718BCCCB1A799108CF1FD40DD6C389B4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3CFFE241F7F00A6E7A581A7E5896F94C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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Described by
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<bibRefCitation id="53184A40301A1CA2321BE2EE5E2210F0" author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="30" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 10" title="A review of the Chilean spiders of the family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae)." volume="3113" year="1994 b">Platnick (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
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, but new data are included here. Caponiids of moderate-size (Figs 1A; 17A,
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<normalizedToken id="B1118AC1B01F68BF9A4ABFF2896AEEC5" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), eyeless (Figs 1A; 17A), or with two small eyes, near the anterior border of the carapace (Fig. 5E). Carapace broadly oval, anteriorly narrowed to less than half its maximum width, pars cephalica rounded, ocular tubercle not projecting forward; pars thoracica relatively flat, gradually sloping toward laterally and posteriorly, without submarginal elevations opposite the coxal bases or submarginal depressions opposite the coxal interspaces (Fig. 5C); cuticle smooth; clypeus unremarkable (Fig. 5E); thoracic groove obsolete (Figs 1A, 5D). Cheliceral paturon with long, relatively strong bristles; short fang with unmodified base (Fig. 2B);
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<pageBreakToken id="F546AAE79E278D806D3A7A4ECC5E2491" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" start="start">median</pageBreakToken>
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lamina long with short tooth-shaped tip and a white membranous lobe opposite the tip of the cheliceral fang (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="4D52F2FB6C500AEC94B7D62DBF4238DB" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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); lateral surface with short stridulatory ridges, pick on prolateral side of palpal femur, next to base of male palp (Fig. 4A, F) and inconspicuous on the female pedipalp (Fig. 2K). Endites convergent, distally widened and extending far beyond the posterior margin of the labium (Fig. 2E, G), not touching at tip, covered by setae with elongated sockets which form a row along the anterior margin (Figs 1B, I; 2
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<normalizedToken id="FAE49249BFD19BF5AA4DF3606359501D" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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; 5G), serrula absent. Labium almost pentagonal, much longer than wide, fused to sternum (Figs 1B, I; 5G), slightly invaginated at base, covered with a few scattered setae, distal area acuminate (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="1F16525EA38EBC9800558FF894A49E5F" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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); labrum short, narrow, with few setae. Sternum longer than wide, covered with scattered large setae, without radial furrows between coxae, not fused to carapace (Fig. 1I); cephalothoracic membranes without epimeric sclerites, but short triangular sclerites extend from sternum between coxae I and II, II and III, and III and IV; shorter triangles extend to coxae II-IV. Leg formula 4123; legs without spines, legs I and II with setae with elongated sockets (Fig. 1C, J); metatarsi and tarsi entire, without sub-segmentation or membranous processes; tarsi with three claws; paired claws with approximately ten teeth on legs I-II, distal teeth largest (Fig. 3D); legs III-IV with paired claws very long, with two small basal teeth, distal teeth largest (Fig. 3E); unpaired claw shorter than paired ones on all legs, without teeth (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="603EA0DFE0091E6073DA7E69E3F08F84" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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). Tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi with long trichobothria in a single row (Figs 3A, 5H), bases with semicircular rim bearing low ridges (Fig. 3C); tarsal organ exposed, with very short longitudinal ridge in proximal end, covered by semicircular long ridges (Fig. 3B); female palpal tarsus moderately elongate, prolateral surface densely covered with setae, retrolateral surface covered by few setae (Fig. 2H, K). Abdomen with only slightly sclerotized epigastric area, with two pairs of respiratory spiracles; posterior spiracles connected by rebordered groove extending farther back at middle than at sides (Fig. 1H). Six spinnerets (Fig. 5I) in typical caponiid arrangement (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB72F2F9926FBB1A02E3E62A67B6AB55" author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="31" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 73" title="Spinneret morphology and the phylogeny of haplogyne spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)." volume="3016" year="1991">Platnick et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 56,
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<bibRefCitation id="C87E0603CE0DE4C6722D93E0194E635C" author="Sanchez-Ruiz, A" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="31" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 44" title="A new genus of the spider family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae) from the West Indies." url="10.1206/3705.2" volume="3705" year="2010">
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<normalizedToken id="8C21CA0EC51E5F76BB93157335C75C85" originalValue="Sánchez-Ruiz">Sanchez-Ruiz</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 96, 140). Male palpal patella and tibia short, unmodified; cymbium ovoid, circular alveolus, prolateral surface densely covered with strong setae; bulb stout and globose; cylindrical embolus, slightly curved with enlarged tip, directed retrolaterally (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken id="1CA68BDF9154B21E1EA6AD503273E4AB" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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; 4
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<normalizedToken id="97E2E68B95C7A4EB9D3B14E4F10C89FC" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="48766F95639FA0ADA7E6E3D9CA9F45E0" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
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). External female genitalia without scutum, weakly sclerotized (Figs 1H; 5F). Internal female genitalia with an elongate anteromedian membranous receptaculum accompanied by wide, transverse and anteriorly directed sclerotized bars that are coated with a transparent hyaline membrane, and by a V-shaped dorsal fold internally on the posterior plate (Figs 3
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<normalizedToken id="0B45AC3B9028F104C2E4CEAE82676AF3" originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
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, 4D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6C1BF7F2DD1206D75D7591D9515F2AB2" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph id="5EE99D1B9C445E0FD68CB7A6F3A04282" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Figure 3. SEM images of
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<taxonomicName id="A5F973C0F77BE7BF58C1621F7ACEF16A" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops mineiro" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineiro">Tisentnops mineiro</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female (IBSP 191301) (
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<normalizedToken id="2F76386ADC6F6CB9B22A61BC301DC915" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
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), female (IBSP 191297) (
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<normalizedToken id="A5D2BF16CD7B12BD0B4CC833995828A4" originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
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). A right tibia, metatarsus and tarsus I, prolateral view B tarsal organ on leg I, dorsal view C tricobothrial base on leg I, dorsal view D claws on left tarsus I, prolateral view E claws on left tarsus IV, prolateral view F same, detail unpaired claw, prolateral view G female internal genitalia, dorsal view H same, posterior view I same anterior view J same, dorsal view K same, detail of receptaculum, dorsal view L same, anterior view (mmr = membranous anteromedian receptaculum; psb = pair of sclerotized bars; Vb = V-shaped bar).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="ABFDE7F8AAEE3C19EECFFDD9963D0C64" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph id="D76BDB29843530AA5D12FDB6F3CFB18C" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="CB98C3F3DB15871167C203B5055CF20F" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops mineiro" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineiro">Tisentnops mineiro</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male from Moeda, Minas Gerais (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC720910021C30E24A368404E70351EF" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), female from Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E3C2A74ED347E94BC5B53BC6E3E715DD" originalValue="Bárbara">Barbara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Minas Gerais (IBSP 191313) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39D7FDA50C0D2B8820DD0384314A0CC9" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67651C0FE056E858AE6724B32B0B93C8" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops onix" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onix">Tisentnops onix</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., male holotype (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D91BB2FAC620766B1639C5901E9D008D" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
), female paratype (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A74BCBE4B7F1F793B9D9B038114736C6" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2237512378BB40778A0BCE06C8A44A0" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Taintnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taintnops paposo" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paposo">Taintnops paposo</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from Taltal, Antofagasta, Chile (K). A left pedipalp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D sclerotized parts of internal genitalia, ventral view E same, dorsal view F left pedipalp, prolateral view G same, ventral view H same, retrolateral view I sclerotized parts of internal genitalia, ventral view J same, dorsal view K internal genitalia, ventral view (mmr = membranous anteromedian receptaculum; psb = pair of sclerotized bars; Vb = V-shaped bar). Scale bars:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A1CAF4C3815DDDA68F2ACD7DA97C104A" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E448C04BC3F4F2410FAA29B4112AB2D3" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1 mm,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E6BEDF8713D1D09E7F692E2321FDB1DE" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6FB998470E034DEB2C68148D4F72EBB9" originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E6AA6706DD7D7B5C7DD8F0330AF6AE39" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="BBACD72A4705B72865539BC417F57DF9" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB771762B2F6A14D30FFE15A57C30263" class="Arachnida" family="Caponiidae" genus="Tisentnops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tisentnops onix" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onix">Tisentnops onix</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., female holotype (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F801FF0A218DE85775C198B082060FCF" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
). A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, lateral view D carapace, dorsal view E ocular area, dorsal view F abdomen, genital area, ventral view G mouthparts, ventral view H leg I, prolateral view, showing long hairs I spinnerets, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10173C2138992CBE0DC18A262CAD5BC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="929E48E7DBE5A6AF0FC213B56DE5E644" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0BEFBB77C57CD364E0BFEC427A4842F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Known from Chile and southeastern Brazil.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |