treatments-xml/data/D6/6B/39/D66B3936EF545E1F918F5481D01AC454.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e3a7a3-d279-4b63-8070-be3b1c813968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" ID-ZooBank="24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-1-133" checkinTime="1683131477234" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lehmann, Ingo &amp; Dalsgaard, Thure" docDate="2023" docId="D66B3936EF545E1F918F5481D01AC454" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(1): 133-182" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" docTitle="Shimbania baginerichardi Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="74DDDA31-4F92-4C97-9AB1-045B5968E482" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" masterDocTitle="Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1683132232210" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lehmann, Ingo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lehmannshimoni@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dalsgaard, Thure</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">t.dalsgaard@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-1-133</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74DDDA31-4F92-4C97-9AB1-045B5968E482" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D66B3936EF545E1F918F5481D01AC454" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/74DDDA31-4F92-4C97-9AB1-045B5968E482" authority="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard, 2023" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="baginerichardi" status="sp. nov.">Shimbania baginerichardi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. a. Shimbania baginerichardi sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Shimba Hills National Reserve; b. S. budaensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Buda Forest Reserve; c. S. tanaensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Tana River County, Mchelelo Camp, close to the Tana River; d. S. tanaensis sp. nov., paratype, male, Kenya, Mombasa County, Shimo la Tewa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845631" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figs 1a</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Male and female genitalia in a pressed condition below glass: a. Shimbania baginerichardi sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Shimba Hills National Reserve; b. S. tanaensis sp. nov., paratype, male, Kenya, Mombasa County, Shimo la Tewa; c. S. budaensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Buda Forest Reserve; d. S. pwaniensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Tanzania, Pwani Region, road from Dar es-Salaam to Chalinze, near the railway-crossing, ca. 2 km from the Ruvu River." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845638" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 8a</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1964-04" collectorName="R. H. Carcasson, I. Lehmann" country="Kenya" location="Shimba Hills" municipality="Coast" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kwale County" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, male, 
<collectingCountry name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, [South] 
<collectingMunicipality>Coast</collectingMunicipality>
, [
<collectingRegion country="Kenya" name="Kwale">Kwale County</collectingRegion>
], 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D66B3936EF545E1F918F5481D01AC454:796E0DC76D9EB559C2355860164F9292" country="Kenya" municipality="Coast" name="Shimba Hills" stateProvince="Kwale County">Shimba Hills</location>
[National Reserve], 
<collectingDate value="1964-04">April 1964</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>R.H. Carcasson</collectorName>
leg., genitalia slide number 16/012009 
<collectorName>I. Lehmann</collectorName>
(NMK)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1961-12" collectorName="R. H. Carcasson, I. Lehmann" country="Kenya" location="Shimba Hills" municipality="Coast" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kwale" typeStatus="Paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, male, same locality, 
<collectingDate value="1961-12">December 1961</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>R.H. Carcasson</collectorName>
leg., genitalia slide number 03/102005 
<collectorName>I. Lehmann</collectorName>
(NMK)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="selection of type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Selection of type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has been selected as type species of the new genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the comprehensive area knowledge of I.L. that is based on several field trips undertaken by I.L., some with the botanist Quentin Luke (Nairobi), into the forests of the Shimba Hills in connection with the long-term field studies on forest structure, floristic diversity and plant species dominance as well as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
diversity that were undertaken by I.L. in collaboration with the NMK over a period of 14 years (1994-2007) in five coastal forests that are located to the East and to the Southeast of the Shimba Hills in a distance of 9-15 km to the latter with a distance to the Indian Ocean of 100 m-5.5 km. These lowland forests are compared with the habitat of the holotype and paratype; comprising Kaya Muhaka, Kaya Kinondo, Kaya Diani (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichten Entomologischer Verein Apollo" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="45 - 53" refId="B49" refString="Lehmann, I, 1997. Metarbela haberlandorum spec. nov., a new moth from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Metarbelidae). Nachrichten Entomologischer Verein Apollo 18 (1): 45 - 53" title="Metarbela haberlandorum spec. nov., a new moth from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Metarbelidae)." volume="18" year="1997">Lehmann 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 1998; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B63" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2000. Preliminary survey on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests of the Kenya coast. Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement, 4: 1 - 52" title="Preliminary survey on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests of the Kenya coast." volume="4" year="2000">Lehmann and Kioko 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B64" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2005. Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 121-163. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" title="Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 121 - 163." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Sumatrana" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B61" refString="Lehmann, I, 2020. Kaya Forests and the Mysteries of Metarbelidae Carpenter Moths. Swara 45(3): 58-61. The East African Wildlife Society, Nairobi, Kenya." title="Kaya Forests and the Mysteries of Metarbelidae Carpenter Moths. Swara 45 (3): 58 - 61. The East African Wildlife Society, Nairobi, Kenya." year="2020">Lehmann 2020</bibRefCitation>
) as well as Gogoni Forest Reserve and Shimoni Forest (Lehmann unpubl. data collected in 2001-2007).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
Male. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Head</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: with dense, short hair-like scales of dark chestnut between and around compound eyes; eyes olive-brown without spots; a pair of tiny rudimentary pits is present on lower fronto-clypeus; pits behind labial palpi are absent; antenna 0.30 length of forewing, bipectinate, with branches of 3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of shaft, branches not scaled and shaft densely scaled, ivory-yellow dorsally; labial palpi chestnut.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Thorax</emphasis>
: Patagia olive-cream, forming a collar ring; tegulae with long hair-like dark chestnut scales with a vinaceous glint. Metathorax with small crest of olive-cream scales, crest dark chestnut at center. Hind legs olive-cream with fine hair-like scales, on lower part of tarsus dark chestnut dorsally; two pairs of long tibial spurs of unequal width and length, upper pair narrow 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
1.5 mm and 1.4 mm, lower pair broader 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
1.0 mm and 1.2 mm long. Forewing length 21.5 mm and wingspan 50.0 mm in holotype (wingspan 51.0 mm in paratype). Forewing upper-side light olive-cream with a light golden glint; below half of 1A+2A a large dark chestnut patch; forewing with many narrow olive lines from near costal margin to dorsum, interrupted by narrowly brown veins; a large olive subterminal patch of triangular shape from below costal margin to near half of CuA1; termen without striae or lunules; CuA2 brown; remaining veins distinctly coloured and more or less brown; cilia short, 1.2 mm, olive-cream. Underside of forewing cream-olive with a golden glint and some narrow olive lines. Hindwing upperside light olive-cream, glossy, with brown veins and some pale olive patches; cilia as in forewing; underside as in forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Mainly cream-olive mixed with ivory-yellow, glossy; abdominal tuft cream-olive, short, 1/5 length of abdomen. Genitalia with long uncus, 60% of length of whole gnathos, with a narrow graben-like surface ventrally. Gnathos has gnathos arms that are small, one arm 40% the size of valva; upper part of the gnathos arm is a short band as long as 40% of basal width of valva, the lower part of the gnathal arm is small, and it does not touch the other arm but is well separated from it (ventral view), of elongated triangular shape with a pronounced thorn-like structure and with its base 50% of the basal width of valva, without smaller thorns along its wavy dorsal edge; the gnathal arms are connected ventrally by a narrow sclerotized band that is as broad as 30% of the transtilla and is narrowly bifurcated at the middle. The Gnathos ends well above the dorsal edge of the transtilla. The valva is short with a dorsal edge of 1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of uncus, rectangular, tip broadly rounded; sacculus narrow, weakly sclerotized, 30% of length of ventral edge of valva; juxta well developed, with two broadly ear-shaped lobes and a broadly V-shaped emargination in between that is 30% the length of juxta, tips of lobes pointed. Phallus very large, as broad as 50% of basal width of valva and 50% longer than costal width of valva, only slightly S-shaped and bent upwards at tip distally, vesica without cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be separated from all other congeners by the short, rectangular and broadly rounded valva distally, as well as the small, narrow, lower part of one gnathal arm that is only slightly broader than the ventral base of the vinculum. Two character states are similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="budaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. budaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.: the gnathal arms are connected ventrally by a sclerotized band that is narrowly bifurcated in the middle, and the lower part of the gnathal arm does not touch the other arm but is well separated from it (ventral view). Differences from the latter species include the following: the valva is more elongated with a dorsal edge of 2.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of uncus, while in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. the dorsal edge is 1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of uncus; the ventral base of the vinculum is very broad and 2.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the width of the upper part of vinculum, while in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. the ventral base of the vinculum is narrow and 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the width of the upper part of vinculum; the tegumen is narrower than the lower part of one gnathal arm as the latter is 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
broader than the tegumen in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="budaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. budaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., while in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. the tegumen is 1.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
broader than the lower part of one gnathal arm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is classified here as a lowland coastal forest species that is at present endemic to the &quot;Usambara-Kwale local centre of endemism&quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Burgess, ND" editor="Burgess, ND" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="235 - 248" refId="B6" refString="Burgess, ND, 2000. Global importance and patterns in the distribution of Coastal Forest species. In: Burgess, ND, Clarke, GP, Eds., Coastal forests of Eastern Africa. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge: 235 - 248" title="Global importance and patterns in the distribution of Coastal Forest species." volumeTitle="Coastal forests of Eastern Africa." year="2000">Burgess (2000)</bibRefCitation>
located within the Zanzibar-Inhambane regional mosaic. The species is only known from the Shimba Hills and was never recorded by I.L. during 14 years of extensive fieldwork in the five coastal forests mentioned above nor in light-trappings undertaken by I.L. in other habitats, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g.</emphasis>
in Malindi, Gede, Shimo la Tewa (Kenya, North Coast); Ukunda, Diani, Kinondo village, north of Gogoni Forest Reserve, near Gazi village and in the village Shimoni (Kenya, South Coast).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Habitat of type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
The coastal forests of Kenya belong to the global biodiversity hotspot &quot;Coastal forests of Eastern Africa&quot; comprising high diversities and endemism among plants and animals. This hotspot is among the top ten priority ecosystems for biodiversity conservation on the African continent (
<bibRefCitation author="Burgess, ND" editor="Burgess, ND" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="235 - 248" refId="B6" refString="Burgess, ND, 2000. Global importance and patterns in the distribution of Coastal Forest species. In: Burgess, ND, Clarke, GP, Eds., Coastal forests of Eastern Africa. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge: 235 - 248" title="Global importance and patterns in the distribution of Coastal Forest species." volumeTitle="Coastal forests of Eastern Africa." year="2000">Burgess 2000</bibRefCitation>
). The Kenyan coastal forests are home to 2,489 vascular plant species or 39.55% of all plant species found in Kenya with 90 endemic species and with the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) as the most species-rich family comprising 226 species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602" author="Ngumbau, VM" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 191" refId="B82" refString="Ngumbau, VM, Luke, Q, Nyange, M, Wanga, VO, Watuma, BM, Mbuni, YM, Munyao, JN, Oulo, MA, Mkala, EM, Kipkoech, S, Itambo, M, Hu, G-W, Wang, Q-F, 2020. An annotated checklist of the coastal forests Kenya, East Africa. Phytokeys 147: 1 - 191, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602" title="An annotated checklist of the coastal forests Kenya, East Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602" volume="147" year="2020">Ngumbau et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The Shimba Hills have a mosaic of grasslands (decreasing rapidly along the coast and in many areas of Kenya!), scrub, exotic plantations and coastal forest of which large parts are protected since 1903 with subsequent extensions and gazetted areas as National Reserve as well as Forest Reserve until 1968. The forests represent the second largest coastal forest in Kenya (253 km2) and were found to be 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kenya’s">Kenya's</normalizedToken>
premier area for plant diversity (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" author="Luke, Q" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme, January-February" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B70" refString="Luke, Q, 2005. Annotated checklist of the plants of the Shimba Hills, Kwale District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 5-120. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" title="Annotated checklist of the plants of the Shimba Hills, Kwale District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 5 - 120." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Luke 2005</bibRefCitation>
) as well as the richest Kenyan coastal forest with the highest number of woody plant species comprising 498 species, and hence they have 207 woody species more than 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kenya’s">Kenya's</normalizedToken>
largest coastal forest Arabuko-Sokoke (420 km2) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1834461" author="Fungomeli, M" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biosystems" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="973 - 982" refId="B22" refString="Fungomeli, M, Cianciaruso, M, Zannini, P, Githitho, A, Frascaroli, F, Fulanda, B, Kibet, S, Wiemers, M, Mbuvi, MT, Matiku, P, Chiarucci, A, 2020. Woody plant species diversity of the coastal forests of Kenya: filling in knowledge gaps in a biodiversity hotspot. Plant Biosystems 154 (6): 973 - 982, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1834461" title="Woody plant species diversity of the coastal forests of Kenya: filling in knowledge gaps in a biodiversity hotspot." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1834461" volume="154" year="2020">Fungomeli et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). A checklist for the Shimba Hills, including also non-forest habitats and adjacent forest patches (but excluding the five forests studied by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B64" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2005. Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 121-163. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" title="Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 121 - 163." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Lehmann and Kioko 2005</bibRefCitation>
; Lehmann unpubl. data collected in 2001-2007), was compiled by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" author="Luke, Q" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme, January-February" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B70" refString="Luke, Q, 2005. Annotated checklist of the plants of the Shimba Hills, Kwale District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 5-120. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" title="Annotated checklist of the plants of the Shimba Hills, Kwale District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 5 - 120." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Luke (2005)</bibRefCitation>
for an area of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
600 km2. His checklist comprises 1,396 indigenous plant species in 686 genera and 143 families, representing 44% of the coastal flora. In regard to this enormous species diversity, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" author="Luke, Q" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme, January-February" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B70" refString="Luke, Q, 2005. Annotated checklist of the plants of the Shimba Hills, Kwale District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 5-120. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" title="Annotated checklist of the plants of the Shimba Hills, Kwale District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 5 - 120." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[5:ACOTPO]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Luke (2005)</bibRefCitation>
stated that one reason &quot;is probably the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Shimba’s">Shimba's</normalizedToken>
proximity&quot; to the ancient East and West Usambara Mountains (Tanzania) where 2,855 plant species occur (
<bibRefCitation author="Iversen, ST" journalOrPublisher="Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Symbolae Botanicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B39" refString="Iversen, ST, 1991. The Usambara Mountains, NE Tanzania: phytogeography of the vascular plant flora. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Symbolae Botanicae 29: 1 - 234" title="The Usambara Mountains, NE Tanzania: phytogeography of the vascular plant flora." volume="29" year="1991">Iversen 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Looking into such a diverse floristic background of the type locality it is remarkable that only one species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, represented by two specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., is known from the Shimba Hills with no further record from forest and non-forest areas adjacent to the East and Southeast of the Shimba Hills (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B63" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2000. Preliminary survey on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests of the Kenya coast. Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement, 4: 1 - 52" title="Preliminary survey on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests of the Kenya coast." volume="4" year="2000">Lehmann and Kioko 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B64" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2005. Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 121-163. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" title="Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 121 - 163." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
; Lehmann unpubl. data collected in 2001-2007), nor from Amani in the East Usambara Mountains and nor from various places in the West Usambara Mountains (Lehmann in prep.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, R" journalOrPublisher="Neue und wenig bekannte Arten. Zumeist aus der Sammlung der Senckenberg'schen naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt am Main. Erste Abtheilung: Rhopalocera. Heterocera. Shinges et Bombyces. Cossidae" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B92" refString="Schmidt, R, 1991. Ecology of a tropical lowland rain forest. Plant communities, soil characteristics and nutrient relations of the forests in the Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya. Dissertationes Botanicae, 179, III-XII +1-211, J. Cramer, Gebrueder Borntraeger, Berlin &amp; Stuttgart." title="Ecology of a tropical lowland rain forest. Plant communities, soil characteristics and nutrient relations of the forests in the Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya. Dissertationes Botanicae, 179, III-XII + 1 - 211, J. Cramer, Gebrueder Borntraeger, Berlin &amp; Stuttgart." year="1991">Schmidt (1991)</bibRefCitation>
studied the forests of the Shimba Hills and defined four &quot;forest plant communities&quot; with a hierarchical arrangement of &quot;plant formations&quot; including six major &quot;plant community groups&quot; and seven major &quot;plant communities&quot;. Among the latter are two communities that are of interest here because of their original character, their occurrence on a large area in the Shimba Hills and their characteristic components including woody legumes. First, the &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Lagynias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lagynias pallidiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallidiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Lagynias pallidiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
community&quot; as part of the &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Olyra-Rawsonia</emphasis>
community group&quot; is the &quot;most original vegetation type on Magarini sands&quot; that are of Pliocene age and extend in a broad band from northeast to southwest along the eastern part of the Shimba Hills and eastwards to near the western side adjacent to Kaya Muhaka and Gogoni Forest Reserve. The characteristic species of this most original vegetation type are 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Lagynias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lagynias pallidiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallidiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Lagynias pallidiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bullock (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Olacaceae" genus="Olax" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Olax obtusifolia" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Olax obtusifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
De Wild. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Olacaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Olacaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia glaberrima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaberrima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Albizia glaberrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mimosoideae">Mimosoideae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sterculiaceae" genus="Cola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cola octoloboides" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octoloboides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Cola octoloboides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Brenan (
<taxonomicName family="Sterculiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Sterculiaceae</taxonomicName>
) and large climbers like 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Caesalpinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caesalpinia volkensii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="volkensii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Caesalpinia volkensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Harms (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
). Second, the &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Paramacrolobium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramacrolobium coeruleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Paramacrolobium coeruleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
community&quot; that is widely distributed within the &quot;tropical evergreen seasonal lowland forest plant community&quot; and occurs on Upper Triassic &quot;Mazeras sandstone&quot; and &quot;Shimba grit&quot; covering the largest area on the Shimba Hills. The upper tree stratum is dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Paramacrolobium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramacrolobium coeruleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="coeruleum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Paramacrolobium coeruleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léonhard">Leonhard</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.Leonard" authorityYear="1954" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.Leonard" authorityYear="1954" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Julbernardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Julbernardia magnistipulata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="magnistipulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Julbernardia magnistipulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Troupin (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1943" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1943" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia glaberrima" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="glaberrima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Albizia glaberrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mimosoideae">Mimosoideae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Synsepalum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synsepalum brevipes" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Synsepalum brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
T.D. Penn. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
). A similar dominance of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Julbernardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Julbernardia magnistipulata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="magnistipulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Julbernardia magnistipulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Troupin (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1943" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1943" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Synsepalum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synsepalum brevipes" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Synsepalum brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
T.D. Penn. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
) was found in certain parts of Kaya Muhaka (
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B63" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2000. Preliminary survey on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests of the Kenya coast. Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement, 4: 1 - 52" title="Preliminary survey on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests of the Kenya coast." volume="4" year="2000">Lehmann and Kioko 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B64" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2005. Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 121-163. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" title="Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 121 - 163." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) as well as in Gogoni Forest Reserve (Lehmann unpubl. data collected in 2001-2007), but the dominance of woody legumes is entirely absent in coastal forests that occur along the shore line of the Indian Ocean, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g.</emphasis>
Kaya Diani, Kaya Kinondo (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B64" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2005. Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 121-163. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" title="Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 121 - 163." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Lehmann and Kioko 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Sumatrana" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B60" refString="Lehmann, I, 2019b. First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1-398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19th August 2019. [URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-55423]" title="First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1 - 398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19 th August 2019. [URN: urn: nbn: de: hbz: 5 n- 55423]" year="2019 b">Lehmann 2019b</bibRefCitation>
) and in Shimoni Forest (Lehmann unpubl. data collected in 2001-2007). Nevertheless, a species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was never recorded neither in Kaya Muhaka nor in Gogoni Forest Reserve. Hence, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. does most probably have a sedentary behavior (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Sumatrana" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B60" refString="Lehmann, I, 2019b. First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1-398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19th August 2019. [URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-55423]" title="First revision of the family Metarbelidae Strand, 1909 (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea Leach, 1815) and a phylogeny based on adult morphology of 60 genera from the Afrotropical and Oriental Region. Doctoral Dissertation, 1 - 398, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn. Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, published 19 th August 2019. [URN: urn: nbn: de: hbz: 5 n- 55423]" year="2019 b">Lehmann 2019b</bibRefCitation>
, Pp. 325-326) and most probably occurs only very locally in the &quot;Usambara-Kwale local centre of endemism&quot;, or might be restricted to the Shimba Hills. In regard to the very diverse flora, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g.</emphasis>
the newly described tree 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.P.Davis &amp; Q.Luke" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vangueriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vangueriopsis shimbaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shimbaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Vangueriopsis shimbaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.P. Davis &amp; Q. Luke 2010 (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
) is also restricted to the Shimba Hills (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602" author="Ngumbau, VM" journalOrPublisher="Phytokeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 191" refId="B82" refString="Ngumbau, VM, Luke, Q, Nyange, M, Wanga, VO, Watuma, BM, Mbuni, YM, Munyao, JN, Oulo, MA, Mkala, EM, Kipkoech, S, Itambo, M, Hu, G-W, Wang, Q-F, 2020. An annotated checklist of the coastal forests Kenya, East Africa. Phytokeys 147: 1 - 191, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602" title="An annotated checklist of the coastal forests Kenya, East Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602" volume="147" year="2020">Ngumbau et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
); its flowers were first photographed by Lehmann &amp; Luke in 2005 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00946.x" author="Davis, AP" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 3" refId="B16" refString="Davis, AP, Luke, QWR, 2010. Vangueriopsis shimbaensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from Kenya. Nordic Journal of Botany 28: 1 - 3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00946.x" title="Vangueriopsis shimbaensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from Kenya." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00946.x" volume="28" year="2010">Davis and Luke 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania baginerichardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="baginerichardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania baginerichardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named for Dr. Richard Kiome Bagine (Nairobi, Kenya) for his friendship until present, for his significant support and long-term guidance of the research of I.L. in Kenya during 1989-2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g.</emphasis>
on various research permits, particularly for Kaya Muhaka, Kaya Kinondo and Shimoni Forest, first as the Head of Division of Natural Sciences and then as Deputy Director and Chief Scientist of the Center for Biodiversity of the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) as well as Deputy Director and Chief Research Scientist for Biodiversity Research of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). His research work focused, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">e.g.</emphasis>
on the ecology and diversity of East African termites. The gender of the new species name is a noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>