169 lines
16 KiB
XML
169 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57127ecf-70b4-42ab-80a8-db5c6970cc3a" ID-PMC="PMC4023268" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-405-1" ID-PubMed="24843275" ID-ZBK="0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-405-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 405" ModsDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" checkinTime="1451245943323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio & Shaw, Scott Richard" docDate="2014" docId="A3C2AF5A71C8D6905ACC6793B1CE6A90" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 405: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 405" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" docTitle="Aleiodes arbitrium Townsend 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF8C5F2CC211FFCEFFD5A74443758641" masterDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1668158296605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Shaw, Scott Richard</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>405</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>81</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-405-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052769" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3C2AF5A71C8D6905ACC6793B1CE6A90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3C2AF5A71C8D6905ACC6793B1CE6A90" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Aleiodes_arbitrium" authority="Townsend 2009" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Aleiodes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
arbitrium Townsend 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 11, 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Body length 5.7 mm; antenna with 43 segments; head mostly black; malar space slightly wider than basal width of mandible; ocelli small,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocular">ocell-ocular</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance slightly wider than width of lateral ocellus; occipital carina at least shortly interrupted at vertex; mesosoma mostly light yellowish brown, except propodeum black; wings clear; mesopleuron granulate; apex of hind tibia without comb of flattened setae; propodeum rugulose basally, granulate apically, with median propodeal carina present; metasomal terga mostly black, except terga 2 and 3 often each with an oval-shaped off white marking; metasomal terga 1-3 costate, median carina complete to end of tergum 2; ovipositor sheaths slightly shorter than half of hind basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="additional characters">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Additional characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Last flagellomere with short pointed tip; mesoscutum with carina on posterior margin only in front of scutellar sulcus; scutellar sulcus with a median carina barely complete plus two or three more or less weak and incomplete carina laterally; fore wing vein 1M slightly and evenly curved; hind wing vein 2-1A present as a very short stub, vein m-cu position varying from distinctly antefurcal to interstitial to vein r-m; ovipositor sheaths 0.45 to 0.49 times longer than hind basitarsus.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="morphological variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Morphological variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
All specimens examined agree well with original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however the occipital carina in all specimens is at least shortly interrupted at vertex, and not complete but weak at vertex as described originally. The two spots on terga vary in size. In some females it is darker, not so contrasting, while in others it is larger, with the T2 spot reaching apical margin of tergite. In some males the spots tends to meet and form one single irregular elongate spot. In all specimens the gena is
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="black–dark">black-dark</normalizedToken>
|
||
brown but the borders with mandibles are light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type material examined. (UWIM)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Non-type material: 14 females and 9 males, ECUADOR, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Napo Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2,163 m. 7 females and 6 males reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ♂, YY-29185; ♀, YY-36318; ♂, YY-39980; ♂, YY-39990; ♀, YY-47187; ♀, YY-47708; ♀, YY-48161; ♂, YY-49147; ♂, YY-53729; ♂, YY-57356; ♀, YY-62371; ♀, YY-70773; ♀, YY-71345. 5 females collected by Malaise trap; 2 females and 3 males collected by yellow pan trap. (UWIM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biological additions">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biological additions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
All new
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
Townsend rearings were from caterpillars feeding on polypod ferns:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Diplazium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplazium costale" order="Polypodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costale">Diplazium costale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Dryopteridadceae" lsidName="Dryopteridadceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Dryopteridadceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Dennstaedtia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dennstaedtia cornuta" order="Polypodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornuta">Dennstaedtia cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Dennstaedtiaceae" lsidName="Dennstaedtiaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Dennstaedtiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Most caterpillars were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Caterpillar pictures and mummy morphology corroborate family level identification, and two different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psaliodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psaliodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Psaliodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The holotype and eight non-type specimens were reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psaliodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psaliodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Psaliodes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. larva feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Diplazium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplazium costale" order="Polypodiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costale">Diplazium costale</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Dennstaedtia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dennstaedtia cornuta" order="Polypodiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornuta">Dennstaedtia cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two paratypes and four other non-type specimens were reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psaliodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psaliodes castanea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">Psaliodes castanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Warren) feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Diplazium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplazium costale" order="Polypodiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costale">Diplazium costale</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A single non-type specimen was reared from unknown
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Dennstaedtia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dennstaedtia cornuta" order="Polypodiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornuta">Dennstaedtia cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One paratype collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Urticaceae" lsidName="Urticaceae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not feed, so may have simply wandered there prior to mummification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Known only from the Yanayacu Biological Station, Napo province, ECUADOR, at 2,163 meters elevation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
After publication of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Science" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 22" title="Nine new species of Aleiodes Wesmael reared at Yanayacu Biological Station (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) in eastern Ecuador." url="http://insectscience.org/9.37" volume="9" year="2009">Townsend and Shaw (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
paper, 11 new specimens were reared and ten collected by traps, all from Yanayacu Biological Station, Napo Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2163. This additional reared material provided good biological information at least on feeding preferences of the host caterpillars. It is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacks mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species feeding on polypod ferns. In the circumscriptus/gastritor group, this species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes albigena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albigena">Aleiodes albigena</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in most color patterns; however, the smaller ocelli of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the honey brown marks on vertex, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes albigena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albigena">Aleiodes albigena</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinguish these two species. Other species with small ocelli and interrupted occipital carina, as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have more extensively dark bodies than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |