294 lines
42 KiB
XML
294 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C64FF3218E150B148CBAD3F2A91C51BF">Generic revision of the staphylinid beetle tribe Hoplandriini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="948647FCB41836CE4345DF9D4B7691C0">Hanley, Rodney S.</mods:namePart>
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SUBGENUS
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<taxonomicName id="708EEC945059FFEEC2F1FE75FBBAFE0E" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1883" box="[954,1082,478,501]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC2F1FE75FBBAFE0E" box="[954,1082,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">PLATONICA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC500FE76FB68FE0F" author="Sharp D" box="[1099,1256,477,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 7" refId="ref39331" refString="Sharp D. 1883. Fam. Staphylinidae [in part]. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol 1 (2). London: Taylor & Francis, 145 - 312, pls. 5 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1883">SHARP (1883)</bibRefCitation>
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(FIGS 10,11)
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FF94C49C5059FFEEC26DFDADFC7CFD6D" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B73197175059FFEEC26DFDADFC7CFD6D" blockId="20.[806,1422,518,663]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="979EB0395059FFEEC26DFDADFC7CFD6D" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC26DFDADFBEAFDE1" author="Sharp D" box="[806,1130,518,540]" page="214" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="1883">
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<taxonomicName id="708EEC945059FFEEC26DFDADFBEAFDE1" authority="Sharp, 1883: 214" authorityName="Sharp" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="1883" box="[806,1130,518,540]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC26DFDADFC12FDE1" box="[806,914,518,539]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Platonica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC2EFFDADFBEAFDE1" author="Sharp D" box="[932,1130,518,540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 7" refId="ref39331" refString="Sharp D. 1883. Fam. Staphylinidae [in part]. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol 1 (2). London: Taylor & Francis, 145 - 312, pls. 5 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1883">Sharp, 1883:214</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC5CBFDADFA0AFDE6" author="Eichelbaum F" box="[1152,1418,518,540]" page="225" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC5CBFDADFA0AFDE6" author="Eichelbaum F" box="[1152,1418,518,540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="71 - 280" refId="ref37325" refString="Eichelbaum F. 1909. Katalog der Staphylinidengattungen nebst Angabe ihrer Literatur, Synonyme, Artenzahl, geographischen V erbreitung und ihrer bekannten Larvenzustande. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 17: 71 - 280." type="journal article" year="1909">Eichelbaum, 1909:225</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC26DFD8EFC4CFDC0" author="Fenyes A" box="[806,972,549,570]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 453" refId="ref37488" refString="Fenyes A. 1918 - 21. Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae. In: Wytsman P, ed. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 173 a-c. Brussels: M. Nijhoff, The Hague and L. Desmet- Verteneuil, 1 - 453, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1918">Fenyes, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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–21:309.
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC509FD8EFC0FFDA3" author="Bernhauer M & Scheerpeltz O" page="715" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC509FD8EFC0FFDA3" author="Bernhauer M & Scheerpeltz O" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="499 - 988" refId="ref36662" refString="Bernhauer M, Scheerpeltz O. 1926. Staphylinidae VI. In: Schenkling S, ed. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 82. Berlin: Dr W. Junk, 499 - 988." type="book chapter" year="1926">Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926:715</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC2FFFDE8FB58FDA3" author="Scheerpeltz O" box="[948,1240,579,601]" page="1667" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="1934">
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC2FFFDE8FB58FDA3" author="Scheerpeltz O" box="[948,1240,579,601]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="1501 - 1881" refId="ref39266" refString="Scheerpeltz O. 1934. Staphylinidae VIII: Supplementum II In: Schenkling S, ed. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars. 129. Berlin: Dr W. Junk, 1501 - 1881." type="book chapter" year="1934">Scheerpeltz, 1934:1667</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC5B7FDE8FC0FFD82" author="Blackwelder RE" page="163" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="1944">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC5B7FDE8FC0FFD82" author="Blackwelder RE" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref36752" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part I. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: xii + 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder, 1944:163</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC2D5FDC9FB24FD82" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[926,1188,610,632]" page="191" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC2D5FDC9FB24FD82" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[926,1188,610,632]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 483" refId="ref36794" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1952. The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae with an essay on genotypy. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 200: 1 - 483." type="journal article" year="1952">Blackwelder, 1952:191</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<treatmentCitation id="362FB1065059FFEEC5F9FDC9FA0AFD8D" author="Hanley RS" box="[1202,1418,610,632]" page="314" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC5F9FDC9FA0AFD8D" author="Hanley RS" box="[1202,1418,610,632]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref37747" refString="Hanley RS. 2002 a. Phylogeny and higher classification of Hoplandriini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Systematic Entomology 27: 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2002">Hanley, 2002a:314</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Hanley, in press b.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FF94C49C5059FFEDC26DFD04FA0AFC22" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="B73197175059FFEEC26DFD04FA0EFD19" blockId="20.[806,1422,687,739]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC26DFD04FC37FD3E" box="[806,951,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<typeStatus id="683529B55059FFEEC26DFD04FCDBFD3E" box="[806,859,687,708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945059FFEEC28FFD04FAAFFD3E" authority="Sharp, 1883" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1883" box="[964,1327,687,709]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC28FFD04FB06FD3E" box="[964,1158,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Platonica major</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC5D1FD04FAAFFD3E" author="Sharp D" box="[1178,1327,687,709]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 7" refId="ref39331" refString="Sharp D. 1883. Fam. Staphylinidae [in part]. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol 1 (2). London: Taylor & Francis, 145 - 312, pls. 5 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1883">Sharp, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="D31FEAE65059FFEEC2C5FD65FBA1FD18" author="Fenyes A" box="[910,1057,717,739]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 453" refId="ref37488" refString="Fenyes A. 1918 - 21. Coleoptera. Fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae. In: Wytsman P, ed. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 173 a-c. Brussels: M. Nijhoff, The Hague and L. Desmet- Verteneuil, 1 - 453, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1918">Fenyes, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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–21 by subsequent designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B73197175059FFEEC26DFD57FA0DFB27" blockId="20.[806,1422,763,1245]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC26DFD57FC1DFCEB" box="[806,925,764,785]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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This subgenus is distinguishable from the other subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="708EEC945059FFEEC543FCB1FB0DFCD5" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[1032,1165,794,815]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hoplandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC543FCB1FB0DFCD5" box="[1032,1165,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Hoplandria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: body large to very large (
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<quantity id="70763AF25059FFEEC417FC93FC0BFC97" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5– 13.5 mm</quantity>
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); body colouration pale throughout or more or less bicoloured; pronotum unevenly and generally weakly pubescent, with six large setiferous pores; males with each elytron with distinct humeral carina or bump, distinct denticle, carina or conical process on the medioapical region, a well-developed denticle, carina or bump on the outer apical third, and a distinct carina on lateral margins; posterior corner of abdominal sternum
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<collectionCode id="D19F0FD25059FFEEC288FBE6FC61FB98" box="[963,993,1101,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">III</collectionCode>
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slightly modified or extended, generally not as a long spine, abdominal tergum
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<collectionCode id="D19F0FD25059FFEEC478FBC7FACFFB7B" box="[1331,1359,1132,1153]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">IV</collectionCode>
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with highly variable, raised flat area on tergum
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<collectionCode id="D19F0FD25059FFEEC466FB21FAC9FB65" box="[1325,1353,1162,1183]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">IV</collectionCode>
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often appearing irridescent; and abdominal tergum VII with generally narrow posteromedian longtitudinal carina.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B73197175059FFEEC26DFB5DFB80FA5F" blockId="20.[806,1422,1269,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC26DFB5DFC2EFAF1" box="[806,942,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Description:</emphasis>
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In agreement with
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<taxonomicName id="708EEC945059FFEEC5E8FB5EFAA8FAF0" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[1187,1320,1269,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hoplandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC5E8FB5EFAA8FAF0" box="[1187,1320,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Hoplandria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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description, except for the following characters. [1] Lengths of adults
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<quantity id="70763AF25059FFEEC2CBFA98FB97FAB2" box="[896,1047,1331,1353]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–13.5 mm</quantity>
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. [2] Body (
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<figureCitation id="2FB58B925059FFEEC5FAFA98FA91FAB3" box="[1201,1297,1331,1353]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) typically highly fusiform; with [4] large, distinctive punctation and microsculpturing; [5,6,7,8,9] pubescence generally sparse throughout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B73197175059FFEEC26DFA16FBACF971" blockId="20.[806,1422,1468,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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||
<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC26DFA16FCEAFA28" box="[806,874,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Head:</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925059FFEEC235FA16FC5DFA29" box="[894,989,1469,1491]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) [10] Typically as wide as long. [11] Eyes generally large, 0.4–0.7 times length of head. [13] Infraorbital carina more or less strongly developed and complete. Antenna with [15] articles 1–3 elongate, 2.5–3.5 times longer than wide; [16] article 4 slightly elongate; [17] articles 5–10 short, 1.0–2.0 times wider than long.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B73197175059FFECC26DF908FC2EF90C" blockId="20.[806,1422,1699,1905]" lastBlockId="22.[806,1422,1392,1782]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="85FA4B055059FFEEC26DF908FC32F942" box="[806,946,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Mouthparts:</emphasis>
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Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925059FFEEC57AF908FB11F943" box="[1073,1169,1699,1721]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with epipharyngeal area with [19] medial pores small, numerous, more or less uniformly distributed in [20] very poorly delimited, longitudinal sensory field; [21] pores between longitudinal sensory field and lateral sclerotized areas few, primarly distributed apical and basal groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925059FFEEC265F8F0FC10F88B" box="[814,912,1883,1905]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B925059FFEEC56CF8F0FB1FF88B" box="[1063,1183,1883,1905]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10D,E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with [24] condylar molar patch very small, width less than 1/8 of basal mandibular width, [25] composed of very small denticles or spinules, [26] densely arranged in more or less irregular transverse rows; dorsobasal ‘velvety patch’ [28] moderate in size, as wide as half of mandibular base, composed of [29] numerous, very fine hairs or spinules; [30] ventral aspect with outer basal angle with no setae. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505BFFECC0FCF9EDFD96F9A7" box="[439,534,1606,1629]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with [32] lacinia more or less acute apically, [33] teeth of adoral margin short, about 3 times longer than wide, placed into [35] two distinct regions; [37] galea moderately narrow, narrower than lacinia at widest area, [38] membranous in apical 1/3–1/4. Labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505BFFECC34EF94BFDE7F90C" box="[517,615,1760,1782]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||
) with ligula [45] elongate, as long as labial palpus 1, with [47] forked apex; [49] two relatively long medial setae of prementum present, typically longer than ligula, [50] insertion of setae distinctly separated; [53] median pseudopore field wide and more or less rectangular; hypoglossal lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505BFFECC544FA25FBF1FA5F" box="[1039,1137,1422,1445]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
|
||
) [56] with moderately long, about 4 times longer than width of lobe, comblike internally curved setae; [57a] adoral setal patch typically expanded around lobe diameter. Labial palpi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505BFFECC265F9A2FC0FF9E5" box="[814,911,1545,1567]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||
) [58] very long and narrow, overall length 10–15 times longer than greatest width, [60] with distal pore field composed of two small spines; [61] article 1 about 3.5–4.0 times longer than article 2, [62] article 3 about 2.5 times longer than article 2.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="754A59F5505BFFECC5BBF92FFAD1F963" box="[1264,1361,1668,1689]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Mentum</collectingRegion>
|
||
with [65] apical margin slightly to significantly concave with [67] many sensory pores typically distributed throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E3F1C79F5058FFEFC1D0F959FB8DF8D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="104" startId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" targetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="B73197175058FFEFC1D0F959FB8DF8D8" blockId="21.[155,1435,1778,1826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B055058FFEFC1D0F959FE90F8FF" bold="true" box="[155,272,1778,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="104">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC945058FFEFC050F959FD31F8FF" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[283,689,1778,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hoplandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Platonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B055058FFEFC050F959FE15F8FF" box="[283,405,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="104">Hoplandria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B055058FFEFC0EDF959FD89F8FF" box="[422,521,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="104">Platonica</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B055058FFEFC352F958FDD7F8FF" box="[537,599,1779,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
|
||
(Sharp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E3F1C79F505BFFECC1C5FAB9FD72FAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5437816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="105" startId="22.[142,220,1298,1317]" targetBox="[148,1421,210,1263]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505BFFECC1C5FAB9FD72FAB9" blockId="22.[142,1422,1298,1347]" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505BFFECC1C5FAB9FE83FADC" bold="true" box="[142,259,1298,1318]" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505BFFECC044FAB8FD22FADC" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[271,674,1299,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hoplandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Platonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505BFFECC044FAB8FE09FADC" box="[271,393,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Hoplandria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505BFFECC0D3FAB8FE7BFADC" box="[408,507,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Platonica</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505BFFECC340FAB8FDC9FADF" box="[523,585,1299,1317]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
|
||
(Sharp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum VIII. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505BFFEDC26DF8B6FE9DFCA7" blockId="22.[806,1422,1820,1904]" lastBlockId="23.[155,771,195,862]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505BFFECC26DF8B6FCFEF8C8" box="[806,894,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505BFFECC544F8B6FBEEF8C9" box="[1039,1134,1821,1843]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[155,233,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[158,1443,205,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-60@21.[154,1446,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Labrum. (C) Epipharynx. (D) Mandible, dorsal view. (E) Mandible, ventral view. (F) Maxilla. (G) Labium. (H) Hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437814/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="105">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with [68a] outer apical angles slightly to significantly sinuate, with [68b] apical area along midline typically extended posteriorly, often with [70a] areas near lateral margins distinctly flattened. Setae [71] generally scarcely to moderately distributed, [71a] typically not evenly distributed with narrow longitudinal bare area on disc. Elytra with [75] apico-lateral angles slightly to not distinctly sinuate; [76] elytra together about 1.4–1.7 times as wide as long; microsetae [77a] typically very small, [78] more or less uniformly distributed and [79] directed posterior-laterally. Mesocoxal cavities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505AFFEDC35CFE12FDF7FE35" box="[535,631,441,463]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[142,220,1298,1317]" captionTargetBox="[148,1421,210,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-328@22.[133,1431,194,1271]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum VIII. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437816/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) [81] widely separated by meso- and metasternal processes by about 1/5–1/4 length of coxal cavities. Mesosternal process [82] shorter than metasternal process, extended to middle of coxal cavities; [83] meso- and metasternal processes separated by very short isthmus; [84] mesosternal process generally flattened at apex. Metasternum [85] subequal to longer than width of mesocoxae. Macrosetae [88] absent from metasternum. Legs with [91] tarsal claws long and more or less slender with slight expansion longitudinally, [93] empodial bristle typically shorter than tarsal claws; [94] article 1 of hind tarsus about 1.5–1.7 times length of article 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC1D0FCD0FE63FB5F" blockId="23.[155,771,890,1189]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC1D0FCD0FE8BFC6A" box="[155,267,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505AFFEDC057FCD0FEFBFC6B" box="[284,379,891,913]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[142,220,1298,1317]" captionTargetBox="[148,1421,210,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-328@22.[133,1431,194,1271]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum VIII. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437816/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
) [97] Highly fusiform, tapering apically to broadly pointed apex; [98] terga
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC3C1FC31FD25FC55" box="[650,677,922,943]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">III</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC3FFFC31FD48FC55" box="[692,712,922,943]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
with moderate to deep transverse basal depressions on anterior portion. [99] Terga with few or no macrosetae, sterna with few, prominent macrosetae. [100] Anterior corner of sternum
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC03AFBBEFE0FFBD0" box="[369,399,1045,1066]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">III</collectionCode>
|
||
with distinct region of differentiated microsculpturing visible, generally delimited by very fine carina, area not appearing irridescent. Tergum IX with [101a] small setae basally and heavy, dark-coloured setae apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC1D0FB69FF52F91B" blockId="23.[155,771,1218,1761]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC1D0FB69FDA9FB2D" box="[155,553,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Secondary sexual characteristics:</emphasis>
|
||
Males extremely variable, including more or less distinct major and minor forms. Minor forms generally similar to females and typically indistinct externally. Major forms between species highly variable with morphological modifications on the elytra in the form of [102] distinct humeral carina or bump; [103] distinct denticle, carina or conical process on the medioapical region; [104] well-developed denticle, carina or bump on the outer apical third; [104a] distinct carina on lateral margins. Abdomen: posterior corners of [105] sternum
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC3E1FA5EFD48F9F0" box="[682,712,1525,1546]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">III</collectionCode>
|
||
only slightly modified and extended, generally not as a long spine, and [106] sternum
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC0F2F998FE55F9B2" box="[441,469,1587,1608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
not produced; [107] highly variable, raised flat area on tergum
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC366F9FAFDC9F99C" box="[557,585,1617,1638]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
often appearing irridescent; [108] generally narrow posteromedian longtitudinal carina on tergum VII; [109] two transverse rows of large macrosetae on near apex of tergum
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC1D0F967FF4EF91B" box="[155,206,1740,1761]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">VIII</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC1D0F954FB94FE89" blockId="23.[155,771,1791,1905]" lastBlockId="23.[819,1434,196,371]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC1D0F954FE8DF8EE" box="[155,269,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Aedeagus:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505AFFEDC069F954FE01F8EF" box="[290,385,1791,1813]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[142,220,1298,1317]" captionTargetBox="[148,1421,210,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-328@22.[133,1431,194,1271]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum VIII. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437816/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
) Highly variable, with bulb of median lobe [110] typically short, subequal to shorter in length to tube; internal sac [112] typically with numerous, fine spinules; [113] parameres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505AFFEDC3D2F8F0FD7BF88B" box="[665,763,1883,1905]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[142,220,1298,1317]" captionTargetBox="[148,1421,210,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-328@22.[133,1431,194,1271]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum VIII. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437816/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with apical lobe of parmerite shorter than velum, [114] typically with 2–3 setae at apex, 2 most commonly; [115] paramerite anterior margin straight to slightly concave; [116] condylite with apex unmodified, [117] generally longer to subequal in length to apex of paramerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC278FE20FBCDFE3A" blockId="23.[819,1434,395,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC278FE20FC4EFE5A" box="[819,974,395,416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Spermatheca:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FB58B92505AFFEDC2A8FE20FBC1FE5B" box="[995,1089,395,417]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[142,220,1298,1317]" captionTargetBox="[148,1421,210,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-328@22.[133,1431,194,1271]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. Hoplandria (Platonica) major (Sharp). (A) Meso- and metathorax. (B) Abdominal tergum VIII. (C) Aedeagus, lateral view. (D) Paramere, lateral view. (E) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5437816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5437816/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
) [122a] Vaginal sclerite typically heavily sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC278FE73FCF5FDB3" blockId="23.[819,1434,472,585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC278FE73FC11FE17" box="[819,913,472,493]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown. Many specimens representing the subgenus have been taken using various trapping techniques, including Malaise and flight-intercept traps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC278FDC9FA1BFC71" blockId="23.[819,1435,610,908]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC278FDC9FC31FD8D" box="[819,945,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
After examination of thousands of specimens representing
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC553FD2AFB48FD6C" box="[1048,1224,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC553FD2AFB1DFD6C" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[1048,1181,641,662]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hoplandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hoplandria</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EC9F67E505AFFEDC5E3FD2AFB48FD6C" box="[1192,1224,641,662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the Neotropics, I am certain that the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC5B2FD34FAE5FD4E" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1883" box="[1273,1381,671,692]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC5B2FD34FAE5FD4E" box="[1273,1381,671,692]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Platonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has perhaps hundreds or more species awaiting description, especially from lowland rainforests of Central America and northern South America. With inclusion of additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC572FCB1FB25FCD5" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1883" box="[1081,1189,794,815]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC572FCB1FB25FCD5" box="[1081,1189,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Platonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in systematic studies of
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC21FFC92FB86FCB4" box="[852,1030,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC21FFC92FC59FCB4" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[852,985,825,846]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Hoplandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hoplandria</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9EC9F67E505AFFEDC2ADFC92FB86FCB4" box="[998,1030,825,846]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, it seems likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC458FC92FAFFFCB4" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1883" box="[1299,1407,825,846]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC458FC92FAFFFCB4" box="[1299,1407,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Platonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC278FCFCFC48FC96" authorityName="Notman" authorityYear="1920" box="[819,968,855,876]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lophomucter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC278FCFCFC48FC96" box="[819,968,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Lophomucter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be elevated to generic-level status. Currently, there are 13 described species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708EEC94505AFFEDC46CFCDDFA13FC71" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1883" box="[1319,1427,886,907]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Platonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC46CFCDDFA13FC71" box="[1319,1427,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Platonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7319717505AFFEDC278FC0FFA0AFC22" blockId="23.[819,1434,932,985]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="85FA4B05505AFFEDC278FC0FFC44FC43" box="[819,964,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="D19F0FD2505AFFEDC29AFC03FB4EFC43" box="[977,1230,936,953]" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">NEOTROPICAL REGION</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787505AFFEDC5ADFC0FFAB9FC40" box="[1254,1337,932,954]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787505AFFEDC405FC0FFA16FC40" box="[1358,1430,932,954]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Columbia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787505AFFEDC2E4FC68FBADFC23" box="[943,1069,963,985]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787505AFFEDC572FC68FB3AFC23" box="[1081,1210,963,985]" name="Guatemala" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787505AFFEDC58CFC68FA99FC23" box="[1223,1305,963,985]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CF99D787505AFFEDC46EFC68FA06FC22" box="[1317,1414,963,984]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="106">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |