263 lines
26 KiB
XML
263 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8228b70-5cf8-4846-b2b2-91aec46ab0a5" ID-PMC="PMC3253663" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-162-59" ID-PubMed="22303126" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-162-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 162" ModsDocTitle="A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil" checkinTime="1451249400868" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2012" docId="097DABF833261CCFB09C1BDD7E4AC277" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 162: 59-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 162" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370" docTitle="Tethina willistoni Melander" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="0C201957F3148E5FFFE2FF8834486856" masterDocTitle="A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1668153140917" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>162</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>59</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-162-59</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:097DABF833261CCFB09C1BDD7E4AC277" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/097DABF833261CCFB09C1BDD7E4AC277" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tethina_willistoni" authority="Melander" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni Melander</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 15-17
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anthomyzidae" genus="Anthomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthomyza cinerea" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">Anthomyza cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="253 - 446" title="XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies)." volume="3" year="1896">Williston 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 444 [West Indies. St. Vincent. Wallilabou beach (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="13.25">13°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.266666">61°16'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); NT ♂ (designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 615), USNM; preoccupied,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="161 - 175" title="Ueber einige bei Varna gefangene Dipteren." volume="6" year="1862">Loew 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa cinerea" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">Rhicnoessa cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Czerny, L" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="249 - 256" title="Bemerkungen zu den Arten der Gattungen Anthomyza Fll. und Ischnomyia Lw." volume="21" year="1902">Czerny 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 256 [generic combination].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Rhicnoessa willistoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="283 - 300" title="A synopsis of the dipterous groups Agromyzinae, Milichinae, Ochthiphilinae and Geomyzinae." volume="21" year="1913">Melander 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298 [new name for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anthomyzidae" genus="Anthomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthomyza cinerea" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">Anthomyza cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="253 - 446" title="XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies)." volume="3" year="1896">Williston 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="161 - 175" title="Ueber einige bei Varna gefangene Dipteren." volume="6" year="1862">Loew 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendel, F" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="37 - 54" title="Revision der Tethiniden (Dipt. Muscid. acal.)." volume="1934" year="1934">Hendel 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51 [citation].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="187 - 212" title="The North American species of Tethinidae (Diptera)." volume="59" year="1952">Melander 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 201 209 [key, citation].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Foster 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3 [generic combination, Neotropical catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 19 [world catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 611, 613, 615-618 [revision, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, neotype designation, figs. head and ♂ terminalia].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65 [world catalog].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa bermudaensis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudaensis">Rhicnoessa bermudaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="187 - 212" title="The North American species of Tethinidae (Diptera)." volume="59" year="1952">Melander 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 203 [Bermuda. Castle and Cooper Islands; LT ♂ (designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 612), USNM].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="387 - 428" title="Canacidae (Diptera) from the Delmarva States." url="doi: 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[387:CDFTDS]2.0.CO;2" volume="120" year="2007">Mathis and Foster 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 421 [synonymy].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina bermudaensis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudaensis">Tethina bermudaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Vockeroth 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 727 [generic combination, Nearctic catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Woodley, NE" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 64" title="The Diptera of Bermuda." volume="28" year="1994">Woodley and Hilburn 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53-54 [citation, Bermuda].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15 [world catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 611-613 [revision, lectotype designation, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, fig. of ♂ terminalia].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa variseta" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variseta">Rhicnoessa variseta</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="187 - 212" title="The North American species of Tethinidae (Diptera)." volume="59" year="1952">Melander 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 209 [United States. California. Orange: Corona del Mar; LT ♂ (designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 616), USNM].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 615 [synonymy, lectotype designation].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina variseta" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variseta">Tethina variseta</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Vockeroth 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 728 [generic combination, Nearctic catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 19 [world catalog].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina carioca" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carioca">Tethina carioca</taxonomicName>
|
||
Prado and Tavares 1966: 433 [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Ilha do Governador (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galeão">Galeao</normalizedToken>
|
||
); HT ♂, FIOC (13356); figs. of ♂ terminalia and wing].
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Foster 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 2 [Neotropical catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15 [world catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 615 [synonymy].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
|
||
of authors, not
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 52" title="Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena." volume="13" year="1869">Loew 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[misidentification].
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Frey 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Body length 1.65-3.00 mm; body generally whitish gray to gray, microtomentose; setae generally white to slightly off white but sometimes with all setae black. Head (Fig. 15): Gena high, greater than 0.5 eye height. Thorax: 4 irregular rows of acrostichal setulae; scutellum uniformly gray; femora mostly yellow to mostly gray; hindfemora of male similar to or only slightly more swollen than fore- and midfemora; tibiae yellow; basal 4 tarsomeres yellow, apical tarsomere brown. Abdomen: Male terminalia (Figs 16-17): Surstylus articulated with and broadly attached to epandrium, broadly spatulate/triangular in posterior view, length 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width, apex broadly rounded; medial margin bearing numerous short, stout setulae along entire length; surstylus in lateral view narrow, tapered to apical point, posterior margin almost straight; basal portion produced anteriorly as a broadly rounded lateral lobe bearing several short setulae medially; aedeagus thick, straplike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Figures 15-17.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
15 head, lateral view 16 epandrium, cerci and surstylus, posterior view 17 same, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="specimens examined from brazil">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Specimens examined from Brazil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PARANÁ">PARANA</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Matinhos (N.;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.773333">25°46.4'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.513332">48°30.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1 m; beach/estuary), 25 Mar-9 Apr 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂; DZUP, USNM);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paranaguá">Paranagua</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Itiberê">Itibere</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.523333">25°31.4'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.505">48°30.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 3 m), 23 Jan 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 1♀; DZUP, USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="80" start="start">RIO</pageBreakToken>
|
||
DE JANEIRO. Ilha do Governador (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galeão">Galeao</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-22.796667">22°47.8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-43.245">43°14.7'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 11 Oct 1966, A. P. do Prado and Tavares (1♂; MZUSP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
SANTA CATARINA. Barra Velha (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-26.633333">26°38'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.681667">48°40.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; beach), 29 Apr 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 1♀; DZUP, USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="SÃO">SAO</normalizedToken>
|
||
PAULO. Ubatuba, Praia Puruba (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.35">23°21'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-44.926666">44°55.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; beach), 29 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂, 2♀; DZUP, USNM); Ubatuba, Praia do Estaleiro (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.341667">23°20.5'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-44.883335">44°53'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; beach), 30 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Australasian/Oceanian:Hawaii (French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii, Kahoolawe, Kauai, Lisiansky, Maui, Oahu), Midway Islands. Nearctic:Bermuda, United States (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia). Neotropical: Bahamas, Belize, Brazil (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo), Cuba,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Ecuador, Mexico (Chihuahua, Tabasco), Panama, Peru, Tobago, Turks and Caicos, West Indies (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grand Cayman, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Some slight variation was evident in the shape of the surstyli within specimens of this species. In posterior view the surstylus varies from being shorter and more exactly triangular to being slightly longer but still triangular. Previously we considered these differences to represent separate species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina bermudaensis" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bermudaensis">Tethina bermudaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After examination of many dissected specimens from Canada south through southern Brazil, we agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="300 - 330" title="Review of the genus Tethina Haliday (Diptera: Canacidae: Tethininae) from western North America." url="doi: 10.4289/07-059.1" volume="110" year="2008">Foster and Mathis (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that this variation is intraspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="21" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The variation in setal coloration and size of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkable. The variation in external characters is as follows: the more robust specimens from the Carribean areas have mostly stout, black setae and often present a very
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bristly”">"bristly"</normalizedToken>
|
||
habitus (similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina spinulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">Tethina spinulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina horripilans" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horripilans">Tethina horripilans</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Smaller, more delicate specimens have only the apical scutellar setae black with all other setae being white. Many specimens fall between
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="81" start="start">these</pageBreakToken>
|
||
two extremes, making it virtually impossible to distinguish between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other species on the basis of external structures alone. A very similar chaetochromatic variation is also found in the Western Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albosetulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosetulosa">Tethina albosetulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Strobl) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="25 - 40" title="Polimorfismo postaddominale e variabilita chetocromatica in Tethina (Tethina) albosetulosa (Strobl, 1900), con proposta di alcune nuove sinonimie e descrizione di Tethina (Tethina) inopinata sp. nov. (Diptera, Tethinidae)." volume="17" year="1992">Munari and Canzoneri 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="55 - 75" title="Studi sui Tethinidae d'Italia, con particolare riguardo alle specie delle spiagge a sabbia fine dell'Alto Adriatico (Diptera, Brachycera)." volume="32" year="2007">Munari and Vanin 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |