treatments-xml/data/DB/02/B7/DB02B71CFFDEFFC2FEB1FECB60ADF964.xml
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<mods:title id="19BDE87096929EBE27B3E9F0C6F5A3C6">Redescriptions and taxonomic notes on species of the Synalpheus townsendi Coutière, 1909 complex (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="54E9CF44E3E69B81899A8EDA6C0B46D7">Salazar, Margarita Hermoso</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="17BD7972913BD1F6D3BB3AE4D2414FD0">Laboratorio de Ecología Costera, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, 04510 Mexico, D. F., Mexico. E-mail: hermoso @ mar. icmyl. unam. mx Department of Biology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas 77843 - 3258 U. S. A. E-mail: Wicksten @ mail. bio. tamu. edu Museo de Zoología Alfonso L. Herrera, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70 - 399, 04510 Mexico D. F., Mexico. E-mail: jjm @ hp. fciencias. unam. mx</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFDEFFDDFEB1FECB63BCFE87" ID-CoL="85YXK" authority="Coutiere, 1909" authorityName="Coutiere" authorityYear="1909" box="[264,730,283,310]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDEFFDDFEB1FECB63BCFE87" bold="true" box="[264,730,283,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDEFFDDFEB1FECB637BFE84" bold="true" box="[264,541,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Synalpheus mexicanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFD9CFECC63BCFE87" author="Coutiere, H." box="[549,730,283,309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref9869" refString="Coutiere, H. (1909) The American species of snapping shrimps of the genus Synalpheus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36 (1659), 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1909">Coutière, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDDFEB1FEE860F5FEEB" blockId="12.[264,730,283,345]" box="[264,403,319,345]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="CB901A8FFFDEFFDDFEB1FEE860F5FEEB" box="[264,403,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="13.[264,367,1842,1866]" captionStartId-1="14.[264,367,1456,1480]" captionTargetBox-0="[348,1312,451,1816]" captionTargetBox-1="[326,1262,654,1436]" captionTargetId-0="figure-83@13.[291,1325,432,1835]" captionTargetId-1="figure-263@14.[297,1355,648,1451]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Synalpheus mexicanus Coutière, 1909. A, frontal region in dorsal view. B, carapace. C, abnormal rostrum. D, major cheliped. E, minor cheliped. F, second pereopod." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Synalpheus mexicanus. A, third pereopod. B, abdomen of male. C, second pleopod. D, telson and uropods." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050027" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050031" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5050027/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5050031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 56</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFEB1FE586225FE17" author="Coutiere, H." box="[264,835,398,422]" page="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFDEFFDDFEB1FE586225FE17" ID-CoL="85YXK" authority="Coutiere, 1909: 34" authorityName="Coutiere" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1909" box="[264,835,398,422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="townsendi" subSpecies="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDEFFDDFEB1FE586309FE14" box="[264,623,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Synalpheus townsendi mexicanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFDCFFE596225FE17" author="Coutiere, H." box="[630,835,398,421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref9869" refString="Coutiere, H. (1909) The American species of snapping shrimps of the genus Synalpheus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36 (1659), 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1909">Coutière, 1909: 34</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 17.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFC79FE596518FE17" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[960,1150,398,421]" page="123" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFC79FE596518FE17" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[960,1150,398,421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="109 - 138" refId="ref9671" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1937) The Templeton Crocker Expedition. VII. Caridean decapod Crustacea from the Gulf of California and the west coast of Lower California. Zoologica, 22 (2), 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Chace, 1937: 123</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFB1EFE596084FE77" author="Carvacho, A. &amp; Rios, R." page="284" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFB1EFE596084FE77" author="Carvacho, A. &amp; Rios, R." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="279 - 291" refId="ref9619" refString="Carvacho, A. &amp; Rios, R. (1982) Los camarones carideos del Golfo de California. II. Catalogo, claves de identificacion y discusion biogeografica. Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, 9 (1), 279 - 291." type="journal article" year="1982">Carvacho &amp; Ríos, 1982: 284</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFDB1FE7963B2FE77" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[520,724,430,453]" page="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFDB1FE7963B2FE77" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[520,724,430,453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref10686" refString="Wicksten, M. K. (1983) Shallow water caridean shrimps of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs, 13, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1983">Wicksten, 1983: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Villalobos
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDEFFDDFCD2FE7862C1FE74" box="[875,935,431,454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.,</emphasis>
1989: 15.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFB93FE7965A0FE77" author="Rios, R." box="[1066,1222,430,453]" page="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFB93FE7965A0FE77" author="Rios, R." box="[1066,1222,430,453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref10356" refString="Rios, R. (1992) Camarones carideos del Golfo de California. VI. Alpheidae del Estuario de Mulege y de Bahia Concepcion, Baja California Sur, Mexico (Crustacea: Caridea). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 14, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1992">Ríos, 1992: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFB57FE796349FE57" author="Villalobos-Hiriart, J. L." page="82" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFB57FE796349FE57" author="Villalobos-Hiriart, J. L." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref10555" refString="Villalobos-Hiriart, J. L. (2000) Estudio monografico de los crustaceos decapodos no braquiuros de la zona intermareal de las islas del Golfo de California, Mexico. Tesis, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, 304 pp." type="book" year="2000">Villalobos­Hiriart, 2000: 82</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 41.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFDEFFDDFD11FE19656BFE57" author="Wicksten, M. K. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E." box="[680,1037,462,485]" page="66" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDEFFDDFD11FE19656BFE57" author="Wicksten, M. K. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E." box="[680,1037,462,485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="49 - 76" refId="ref10718" refString="Wicksten, M. K. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E. (2003) An updated checklist of benthic marine and brackish water shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeoidea, Stenopodidea, Caridea) from the eastern tropical Pacific. In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the study of East Pacific crustaceans, Vol. 2, Unidad Academica Mazatlan, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, pp. 49 - 76." type="book chapter" year="2003">Wicksten &amp; Hendrickx, 2003: 66</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDEFFDDFEB1FDC06097FD82" box="[264,497,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined:</emphasis>
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:
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and
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(
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,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="B3709C70FFDEFFDDFCAFFDE8657DFDEB" box="[790,1051,575,601]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Canal de San Lorenzo</collectingMunicipality>
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, coral.
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<collectingDate id="3751D922FFDEFFDDFB03FDE86023FD33" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1949-03-15">15 March 1949</collectingDate>
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station 1738­49,
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(
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).
<collectingCounty id="BA757E86FFDEFFDDFCCFFDB0655CFD33" box="[886,1082,615,641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bahía de La Paz</collectingCounty>
,
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,
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, and 6 ovigerous females (
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).
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,
<collectorName id="FE5E63DCFFDEFFDDFCC0FD58655AFD1B" box="[889,1084,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cabo San Lucas</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="9453ABEFFFDEFFDDFBF1FD5865C5FD1B" box="[1096,1187,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">
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, year 1974,
<collectorName id="FE5E63DCFFDEFFDDFEB1FD60609DFD63" box="[264,507,695,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Donald G. Lindquist</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="45ADCD83FFDEFFDDFDBEFD606308FD63" box="[519,622,695,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="030DAE71FFDEFFDDFDC7FD606252FD63" box="[638,820,695,721]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">LACM 322­05</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="E3C30C57FFDEFFDDFCF0FD606314FD48" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="de Utria" country="Colombia" location="Ensenada de Utria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="USNM 244261" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFDEFFDDFCF0FD60628CFD63" box="[841,1002,695,721]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
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Ensenada
<collectorName id="FE5E63DCFFDEFFDDFBD7FD6065B6FD63" box="[1134,1232,695,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">de Utría</collectorName>
</location>
,
<specimenCount id="45ADCD83FFDEFFDDFB64FD60644BFD63" box="[1245,1325,695,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="45ADCD83FFDEFFDDFE83FD3760C6FD48" box="[314,416,736,762]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="030DAE71FFDEFFDDFE16FD37630CFD48" box="[431,618,736,762]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">USNM 244261</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDDFE81FCDE60A4FC90" blockId="12.[264,1325,535,1883]" box="[312,450,777,802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDEFFDDFE81FCDE60A4FC90" box="[312,450,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDDFE81FCE66541FB39" blockId="12.[264,1325,535,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rostrum slender, with several setae at apex, straight in lateral view, 3.3 times longer than wide at base, reaching 0.6 times as long as visible part of first segment, not overreaching level of the orbital teeth in lateral view. Anterior margin between orbital teeth and base of rostrum almost straight, orbital hoods separated from rostrum by marked, depressed anterior slope of carapace. Orbital hoods slightly inflated dorsally; orbital teeth slender, acute, tip slightly directed mesially in dorsal view, straight in lateral view, shorter than rostrum, with one or two setae at apex, reaching 0.4 times as long as visible part of first segment of antennular peduncle. Ventral rostral process short, ventral margin rounded. Pterygostomial margin produced as broad, subtriangular, acute lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDDFE81FB4E608CFA99" blockId="12.[264,1325,535,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Antennular peduncle short, 3.9 times longer than wide, first segment 1.1 times as long as second and third segments combined, 1.8 times as long as second segment, second segment 1.3 times as long as third segment. Stylocerite slender, reaching to 0.4 times as long as second segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDDFE81FAEE637DF9D9" blockId="12.[264,1325,535,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Blade of scaphocerite well developed, 3.6 times longer than wide, 0.8 times as long as third segment of antennular peduncle; disto­lateral tooth straight, lateral margin concave, surpassing blade by 1.1 length of third segment, overreaching antennular peduncle and carpocerite by more than half length of third segment. Basicerite with very short dorsal tooth, 0.1 times as long as ventro­lateral spine; lateral tooth long, reaching 0.9 times as long as visible part of first segment of antennular peduncle, eight times as long as dorsal spine. Carpocerite short and slender, 4.6 times as long as wide, almost reaching distal end of antennular peduncle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDDFE81F9AE6338F909" blockId="12.[264,1325,535,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Apex of third maxilliped with five strong, dark spines; ultimate segment 3.6 times as long as penultimate segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDEFFDCFE81F91E63A7FE34" blockId="12.[264,1325,535,1883]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ischium of major first pereopod 0.6 times as long as wide. Merus thick, 2.1 times as long as wide, 0.53 times as long as palm, dorsal margin convex, ventral margin almost straight, distal end of dorsal margin with strong tooth with apex pointed downward. Carpus with dorsal distal margin rounded, ventral margin bilobed. Chela long and slender, 2.8 times as long as wide; palm slightly compressed laterally, twice as long as wide, 2.5 times as long as fingers, dorso­distal margin with slender tooth, slightly directed downward; fingers short, 0. 3 times as long as palm.</paragraph>
<caption id="07D45682FFDFFFDCFEB1F8E56501F8DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5050027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050027/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[264,367,1842,1866]" targetBox="[348,1312,451,1816]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDFFFDCFEB1F8E56501F8DE" blockId="13.[264,1323,1842,1900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDFFFDCFEB1F8E560ECF8F8" bold="true" box="[264,394,1842,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFDFFFDCFE23F8E56253F8FB" authority="Coutiere, 1909" authorityName="Coutiere" authorityYear="1909" box="[410,821,1842,1865]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDFFFDCFE23F8E563EDF8FB" box="[410,651,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synalpheus mexicanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDFFFDCFD2AF8E56253F8FB" author="Coutiere, H." box="[659,821,1842,1865]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref9869" refString="Coutiere, H. (1909) The American species of snapping shrimps of the genus Synalpheus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36 (1659), 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1909">Coutière, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A, frontal region in dorsal view. B, carapace. C, abnormal rostrum. D, major cheliped. E, minor cheliped. F, second pereopod.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDCFFDFFE81FECB6576FE1C" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ischium of minor first pereopod 0.3 times as long as merus. Merus 2.5 times as long as wide, dorsal and ventral margin slightly convex, dorsal distal margin with small tooth. Carpus half as long as palm, dorsal distal margin with small tooth. Palm of chela 1.8 times as long as wide, 1.7 times as long as fingers, with numerous setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDCFFDFFE81FE6B65A8FDF4" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ischium of second pereopod 0.8 times as long as merus. Merus 6.6 times as long as wide, 0.8 times as long as carpus. Carpus slender, with 5 segments having ratios of lengths from first to fifth as follows: 4:1:1:1:2. Palm of chela 1.6 times as long as wide, 0.7 times as long as fingers, fixed finger with tuft of scarce setae, dactylus with scarce setae.</paragraph>
<caption id="07D45682FFDCFFDFFEB1FA6760BFFA58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5050031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050031/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[264,367,1456,1480]" targetBox="[326,1262,654,1436]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDCFFDFFEB1FA6760BFFA58" blockId="14.[264,1322,1456,1514]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDCFFDFFEB1FA6760EFFA7A" bold="true" box="[264,393,1456,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFDCFFDFFE29FA6663E6FA7A" authorityName="Coutiere" authorityYear="1909" box="[400,640,1457,1480]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDCFFDFFE29FA6663E6FA7A" box="[400,640,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synalpheus mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, third pereopod. B, abdomen of male. C, second pleopod. D, telson and uropods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDCFFDFFE81F98763EBF8E8" blockId="14.[264,1326,1616,1882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ischium of third pereopod 2.5 times as long as wide. Merus 4.5 times as long as wide. Carpus 2.7 times as long as wide, 0.5 times as long as propodus, with spine at distal end of ventral margin. Propodus 7.6 times as long as wide, 4.9 times as long as dactylus, ventral margin with 910 movable spines and pair at distal end. Dactylus slender, 3.5 times as long as basal width, ungui approximately equal in width at base, following main axis of dactylus. Fourth and fifth pereopods similar but shorter, fifth pereopod with tufts of setae along flexor margin of propodus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE9CFECB60D3FD5C" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pleura of first abdominal somite sexually dimorphic, in male with broad tooth on posterior ventral margin; pleura of second abdominal somite broadly rounded in both sexes; pleura of third to fifth abdominal somites with acute tooth on posterior half of ventral margin in male, rounded in female. Second pleopod with appendix interna. Telson broad, 1.3 times as long as wide at anterior margin, 2.4 times as long as wide at posterior margin; dorsal surface with slight longitudinal median depression, lateral margins sinuous, posterior margin convex; with 2 pairs long dorsal spines, both pairs of spines slightly removed from lateral margin, anterior pair situated at 0.3 times length, posterior pair at mid­length; posterolateral angles projecting and slightly acute; posterior margin armed with 2 slender lateral spines; mesial spines 1.5 times as long as lateral spines. Uropodal exopod with lateral margin convex anteriorly; diaeresis with 2 lateral teeth; lateral tooth longer, one spine between these.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81FD2B631AFCA4" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" box="[312,636,764,790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Carapace length to
<quantity id="9453ABEFFFDDFFDEFDA3FD2B631EFCA4" box="[538,632,764,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81FCF363EEFC8C" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" box="[312,648,804,830]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFE81FCF360A9FC8F" box="[312,463,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Color in life.</emphasis>
—Not reported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81FC9B622FFCD4" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" box="[312,841,844,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="E3C30C57FFDDFFDEFE81FC9B6223FCD4" box="[312,837,844,870]" location="Southern Gulf" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFDDFFDEFE81FC9B6014FCD4" box="[312,370,844,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
locality. —
<location id="567450D1FFDDFFDEFE45FC9B63C5FCD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB02B71CFFDEFFC2FEB1FECB60ADF964:567450D1FFDDFFDEFE45FC9B63C5FCD4" box="[508,675,844,870]" name="Southern Gulf" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="California">Southern Gulf</location>
of
<collectingRegion id="916FC8E8FFDDFFDEFD73FC9B6223FCD4" box="[714,837,844,870]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">California</collectingRegion>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81FCA3653AFC3C" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" box="[312,1116,884,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFE81FCA360DCFC3F" box="[312,442,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Habitat. —</emphasis>
Rock coral and sand; intertidal to
<quantity id="9453ABEFFFDDFFDEFCFEFCA362E5FC3C" box="[839,899,884,910]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFC2BFCA36529FC3C" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[914,1103,884,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref10686" refString="Wicksten, M. K. (1983) Shallow water caridean shrimps of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs, 13, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1983">Wicksten, 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81FC4B6247FB14" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFE81FC4B6231FC07" box="[312,855,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Geographic distribution and depth range.—</emphasis>
Angel de Guarda island to Cabo San Lucas, Gulf of California; Revillagigedo Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFCEDFC1365ACFC6C" author="Wicksten, M. K. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E." box="[852,1226,964,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="49 - 76" refId="ref10718" refString="Wicksten, M. K. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E. (2003) An updated checklist of benthic marine and brackish water shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeoidea, Stenopodidea, Caridea) from the eastern tropical Pacific. In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the study of East Pacific crustaceans, Vol. 2, Unidad Academica Mazatlan, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, pp. 49 - 76." type="book chapter" year="2003">Wicksten and Hendrickx, 2003</bibRefCitation>
); Estero de Utrías,
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFDDFFDEFE3BFC3B6090FBB4" box="[386,502,1004,1030]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(this paper). Several authors (
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFCEEFC3B656DFBB4" author="Coutiere, H." box="[855,1035,1004,1030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref9869" refString="Coutiere, H. (1909) The American species of snapping shrimps of the genus Synalpheus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36 (1659), 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1909">Coutière, 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFBAEFC3B65CBFBB4" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[1047,1197,1004,1030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="109 - 138" refId="ref9671" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1937) The Templeton Crocker Expedition. VII. Caridean decapod Crustacea from the Gulf of California and the west coast of Lower California. Zoologica, 22 (2), 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Chace, 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFB00FC3B60B0FB9C" author="Steinbeck, J. &amp; Ricketts, E. F." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref10528" refString="Steinbeck, J. &amp; Ricketts, E. F. (1941) Sea of Cortez. Viking Press, New York, 598 pp." type="book" year="1941">Steinbeck &amp; Ricketts, 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFE5DFBC36264FB9C" author="Carvacho, A. &amp; Rios, R." box="[484,770,1044,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="279 - 291" refId="ref9619" refString="Carvacho, A. &amp; Rios, R. (1982) Los camarones carideos del Golfo de California. II. Catalogo, claves de identificacion y discusion biogeografica. Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, 9 (1), 279 - 291." type="journal article" year="1982">Carvacho &amp; Ríos, 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFCA9FBC362AAFB9C" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[784,972,1044,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref10686" refString="Wicksten, M. K. (1983) Shallow water caridean shrimps of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs, 13, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1983">Wicksten, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFC63FBC3644EFB9C" author="Rodriguez de la Cruz, M. C." box="[986,1320,1044,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref10500" refString="Rodriguez de la Cruz, M. C. (1987) Crustaceos decapodos del Golfo de California. Secretara de Pesca, Mexico, 306 pp." type="book" year="1987">Rodríguez de la Cruz, 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFEB1FBEB630BFBE4" author="Villalobos-Hiriart, J. L. &amp; Nates-Rodriguez, J. C. &amp; Cantu Diaz-Barrica, A. &amp; Valle-Martinez, M. D. &amp; Flores Hernnadez, P. &amp; Lira-Fernndez E. &amp; Schmidtsdorf Valencia, P." box="[264,621,1084,1110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref10599" refString="Villalobos-Hiriart, J. L., Nates-Rodriguez, J. C., Cantu Diaz-Barrica, A., Valle-Martinez, M. D., Flores Hernnadez, P., Lira-Fernndez E. &amp; Schmidtsdorf Valencia, P. (1989) I. Crustaceos estomatapodos y decapodos intermareales de las islas del Golfo de California, Mexico. Listados Faunisticos de Mexico. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F., 114 pp." type="book" year="1989">
Villalobos­Hiriart
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFE5BFBEB6378FBE7" box="[482,542,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
, 1989
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFDC2FBEB6222FBE4" author="Hendrickx, M. E." box="[635,836,1084,1110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref9994" refString="Hendrickx, M. E. (1992) Distribution and zoogeographic affinities of decapod crustaceans of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 20, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1992">Hendrickx, 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFCEAFBEB62F7FBE4" author="Hendrickx, M. E." box="[851,913,1084,1110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="271 - 318" refId="ref10034" refString="Hendrickx, M. E. (1993) Crustaceos decapodos del Pacifico mexicano. In: Salazar-Vallejo, S. K. &amp; Gonzalez, N. E. (Eds.), Biodiversidad marina y costera de Mexico. CONABIO and CIQRO: Mexico, pp. 271 - 318" type="book chapter" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
; Rodríguez Alámarz
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFB36FBEB65B5FBE7" box="[1167,1235,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.,</emphasis>
(2002) considered
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFDDFFDEFE2AFBB36357FBCF" authorityName="Coutiere" authorityYear="1909" box="[403,561,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFE2AFBB36357FBCF" box="[403,561,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be endemic to the Gulf of California, but the record from
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFDDFFDEFEB1FB5B601DFB14" box="[264,379,1164,1190]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
extends its distribution southwards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81FB6360A9F934" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFE81FB6360D9FB7F" box="[312,447,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.—</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFDDFFDEFE4EFB63634FFB7C" box="[503,553,1204,1230]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFDDFFDEFD04FB63623FFB7F" authorityName="Coutiere" authorityYear="1909" box="[701,857,1204,1229]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFDDFFDEFD04FB63623FFB7F" box="[701,857,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of seven damaged specimens. The most complete one was chosen for the redescription. This species is morphologically variable, although its variability was not discussed previously in the literature. In the studied material, we observed variation in the length and width of the rostrum. The anterior margin of the carapace, between the orbital teeth and the rostrum, may be concave or almost straight. The relative length of the carpocerite varies from almost reaching the end of the antennular peduncle to slightly surpassing it. The dorsal tooth of the basicerite is more marked in some specimens. Its proportion in relation to the length of the lateral spine varies from 0.1 to 0.2 times. In the third pair of pereopods the length/width proportions of its articles are variable: dactylus 3.54, propodus 7.18.3, carpus 2.22.8, and merus 4.24.7. The longitudinal median depression of the telson is less conspicuous in some specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFDDFFDEFE81F943638AF964" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,1750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
We were unable to examine all of the specimens discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFDDFFDEFBA9F94365B0F91C" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[1040,1238,1684,1710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref10686" refString="Wicksten, M. K. (1983) Shallow water caridean shrimps of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs, 13, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1983">Wicksten (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. Some of these specimens may be misidentified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BB15581FFC2FFC1FEB1FECB621EFE79" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FEB1FECB63B1FE84" blockId="16.[264,727,284,350]" box="[264,727,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC2FFC1FEB1FECB63B1FE84" ID-CoL="85YYB" authority="Rathbun, 1910" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1910" box="[264,727,284,310]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC2FFC1FEB1FECB6344FE84" bold="true" box="[264,546,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synalpheus peruvianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC2FFC1FD93FECB63B1FE84" author="Rathbun, M." box="[554,727,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="531 - 620" refId="ref10264" refString="Rathbun, M. (1910) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38 (1766), 531 - 620." type="journal article" year="1910">Rathbun, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FEB1FE9360F5FEEC" blockId="16.[264,727,284,350]" box="[264,403,324,350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="CB901A8FFFC2FFC1FEB1FE9360F5FEEC" box="[264,403,324,350]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="17.[264,368,1787,1811]" captionStartId-1="18.[264,367,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox-0="[338,1277,428,1745]" captionTargetBox-1="[302,1289,346,1492]" captionTargetId-0="figure-73@17.[300,1303,409,1771]" captionTargetId-1="figure-137@18.[273,1315,329,1504]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Synalpheus peruvianus Rathbun, 1910. A, frontal region in dorsal view. B, carapace. C, ventral rostral process. D, female abdomen. E, major cheliped. F, carpal junction with major chela." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Synalpheus peruvianus. A, minor cheliped. B, second pereopod. C, third pereopod. D, second pleopod. E, telson and uropods." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050033" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050035" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5050033/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5050035/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figures 78</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FEB1FE43621EFE79" blockId="16.[264,1322,404,491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="73BB2124FFC2FFC1FEB1FE43621EFE79" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFC2FFC1FEB1FE436235FE19" author="Rathbun, M." box="[264,851,404,427]" page="563" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1910">
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC2FFC1FEB1FE436235FE19" ID-CoL="85YYB" authority="Rathbun, 1910: 563" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityPageNumber="563" authorityYear="1910" box="[264,851,404,427]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="townsendi" subSpecies="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC2FFC1FEB1FE436310FE19" box="[264,630,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synalpheus townsendi peruvianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC2FFC1FD38FE436235FE19" author="Rathbun, M." box="[641,851,404,427]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="531 - 620" refId="ref10264" refString="Rathbun, M. (1910) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38 (1766), 531 - 620." type="journal article" year="1910">Rathbun, 1910:563</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4, Plate 5.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFC2FFC1FBAEFE436587FE19" author="Mendez, M." box="[1047,1249,404,427]" page="92" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC2FFC1FBAEFE436587FE19" author="Mendez, M." box="[1047,1249,404,427]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref10129" refString="Mendez, M. (1981) Claves de identificacion y distribucion de los langostinos y camarones (Crustacea: Decapoda) del mar y rios de la costa del Peru. Boletin del Instituto del Mar del Peru, 5, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="1981">Méndez, 1981: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="D20A201BFFC2FFC1FAB8FE4360B2FE79" author="von Prahl, H." page="96" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC2FFC1FAB8FE4360B2FE79" author="von Prahl, H." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="95 - 99" refId="ref10230" refString="von Prahl, H. (1986) Crustaceos decapodos, asociados a diferentes habitats en la Ensenada de Utira, Choco, Colombia. Actualidades Biologicas, 15, 95 - 99." type="journal article" year="1986">von Prahl 1986: 96</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Lemaitre &amp; Álvarez­León, 1992:43.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BB15581FFC2FFC2FEB1FE0360ADF964" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FEB1FE0365E2FE59" blockId="16.[264,1322,404,491]" box="[264,1156,468,491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC2FFC1FEB1FE0360B4FE59" box="[264,466,468,491]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="E3C30C57FFC2FFC1FE59FE0365E7FE59" box="[480,1153,468,491]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Peru" location="Matapalo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM 40503" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="567450D1FFC2FFC1FE59FE036321FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB02B71CFFDEFFC2FEB1FECB60ADF964:567450D1FFC2FFC1FE59FE036321FE59" box="[480,583,468,491]" country="Peru" name="Matapalo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Matapalo</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC2FFC1FDEBFE0363E1FE59" box="[594,647,468,491]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Peru</collectingCountry>
: 1 ovigerous female (
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFC2FFC1FCD2FE0362B5FE59" box="[875,979,468,491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="030DAE71FFC2FFC1FC67FE03651EFE59" box="[990,1144,468,491]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM 40503</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FEB1FDCB60F4FD87" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" box="[264,402,540,565]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC2FFC1FEB1FDCB60F4FD87" box="[264,402,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FE9DFD936388FC2C" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rostrum very short, slender, straight, with several long setae at apex, 2.5 times longer than wide, reaching to 0.3 times length of visible part of first segment of antennular peduncle, overreaching level of orbital teeth in lateral view; anterior margin between orbital tooth and base of rostrum broad, almost straight; orbital hoods separated from rostrum by marked depressed anterior slope of carapace. Orbital hoods slightly inflated dorsally; orbital teeth short, acute, apex directed slightly laterally in dorsal view, slightly upward in lateral view. Rostrum and orbital tooth equally long, with scarce setae at apex of rostrum. Ventral rostral process short and slightly bilobed. Pterygostomial margin produced as subtriangularly, short and distally acute lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FE81FC7B620CFB8C" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antennular peduncle long, slender, 5.8 times longer than wide; visible part of first segment 0.9 times as long as second and third segments combined, 1.5 times as long as second segment; second segment 1.4 times as long as third segment. Stylocerite elongated, reaching to 0.50.6 times length of second segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FE81FB9B621AFA14" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Blade of scaphocerite well developed, 3.23.3 times as long as wide, reaching to 0.2 times length of third segment of antennular peduncle; disto­lateral tooth slender, apex slightly directed laterally, lateral margin slightly concave, overreaching blade by approximately 0.8 length of third segment of antennular peduncle, reaching or surpassing antennular peduncle by 0.1 length of third segment, shorter than carpocerite by 0.4 length of third segment. Basicerite without dorsal tooth; lateral tooth broad proximally, reaching to 0.7 times length of visible part of first segment of antennular peduncle. Carpocerite broad, broader at mid­length, 3.8 times as long as wide, surpassing antennular peduncle by 0.5 times length of third segment of antennular peduncle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FE81FA636319FA44" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apex of third maxilliped with six dark spines; ultimate segment approximately 4 times as long as penultimate segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC1FE81F9D36523F954" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ischium of major first pereopod 0.5 times as long as wide. Merus broad, twice as long as wide, 0.4 times as long as palm, dorsal margin almost straight, ventral margin slightly sinuous, distal end of dorsal margin with spine. Carpus with subtriangular lobe on dorsodistal margin, ending in small, acute tooth; ventral margin bilobed. Chela long and slen­ der, 2.6 times as long as wide; palm 1.6 times as long as wide, dorso­distal margin with acute distal tooth, directed ventrally; fingers 0.4 times as long as palm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC2FFC0FE81F92363A3FEEC" blockId="16.[264,1325,540,1886]" lastBlockId="17.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ischium of minor first pereopod 0.2 times as long as merus, 1.5 as long as wide. Merus 3.1 times as long as wide, dorsal margin slightly convex, ventral margin almost straight, dorso­distal margin with small tooth. Carpus 0.5 times as long as palm, small spine on dorso­distal margin. Palm 1.9 times as long as wide, 1.4 times as long as fingers; fingers with scarce tufts of long setae.</paragraph>
<caption id="07D45682FFC3FFC0FEB1F92C602EF8EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5050033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050033/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[264,368,1787,1811]" targetBox="[338,1277,428,1745]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC3FFC0FEB1F92C602EF8EA" blockId="17.[264,1324,1787,1880]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC3FFC0FEB1F92C60EDF8A1" bold="true" box="[264,395,1787,1811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC3FFC0FE2AF92B6255F8A1" authority="Rathbun, 1910" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1910" box="[403,819,1788,1811]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC3FFC0FE2AF92B63ECF8A1" box="[403,650,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synalpheus peruvianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC3FFC0FD2BF92B6255F8A1" author="Rathbun, M." box="[658,819,1788,1811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="531 - 620" refId="ref10264" refString="Rathbun, M. (1910) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38 (1766), 531 - 620." type="journal article" year="1910">Rathbun, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A, frontal region in dorsal view. B, carapace. C, ventral rostral process. D, female abdomen. E, major cheliped. F, carpal junction with major chela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="07D45682FFC0FFC3FEB1FA2D63CCF986" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5050035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050035/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[264,367,1530,1554]" targetBox="[302,1289,346,1492]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC0FFC3FEB1FA2D63CCF986" blockId="18.[264,1322,1530,1588]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC0FFC3FEB1FA2D60EDF9A0" bold="true" box="[264,395,1530,1554]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC0FFC3FE2BFA2C63EFF9A0" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1910" box="[402,649,1531,1554]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC0FFC3FE2BFA2C63EFF9A0" box="[402,649,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synalpheus peruvianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, minor cheliped. B, second pereopod. C, third pereopod. D, second pleopod. E, telson and uropods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC0FFC3FE81F9BF658CF948" blockId="18.[264,1325,1640,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ischium of second pereopod 0.8 times as long as merus. Merus 5.7 times as long as wide, 0.9 times as long as carpus. Carpus slender, with five segments having ratios of lengths from first to fifth as follows: 4:1:1:1: 2. Palm of chela 1.5 times a long as wide, 0.9 times as long as fingers, fingers and palm with several tufts of setae and single setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC0FFC2FE81F8DF639CFE34" blockId="18.[264,1325,1640,1866]" lastBlockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ischium of third pereopod 2.3 times as long as wide. Merus 4.4 times as long as wide. Carpus half as long as propodus, with pair of spines at distal end of ventral margin. Propo­ dus 7.5 times as long as wide, 4.7 times as long as dactylus, ventral margin with nine pairs of spines and pair of spines at distal end. Dactylus long, slender, 3.2 times as long as basal wide, ungui approximately equal in width.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FE436007FE64" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pleura of first fifth abdominal somites rounded. Second pleopod with appendix interna.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FE3365A8FD5C" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Telson broad, 1.3 times as long as wide at anterior end, 2.5 times as long as wide at posterior margin; dorsal surface with slight longitudinal median depression; lateral margins sinuous, posterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin convex; with two pairs of long dorsal spines situated at some distance from lateral margin; anterior pair situated at 0.4 times length of telson, posterior pair at 0.7 times length of telson. Posterolateral spines broken in this specimen. Uropodal exopod with lateral margin convex anteriorly; diaeresis with two lateral teeth, lateral tooth longer, one long spine between these two teeth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FD2B631BFCA4" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" box="[312,637,764,790]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Carapace length to 4.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FCF363EEFC8C" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" box="[312,648,804,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Color in life.—Not reported.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FC9B63D0FCD4" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" box="[312,694,844,870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<materialsCitation id="E3C30C57FFC1FFC2FE81FC9B63D4FCD4" box="[312,690,844,870]" country="Peru" location="Matapalo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFC1FFC2FE81FC9B6014FCD4" box="[312,370,844,870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
locality.—
<location id="567450D1FFC1FFC2FE42FC9B630BFCD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB02B71CFFDEFFC2FEB1FECB60ADF964:567450D1FFC1FFC2FE42FC9B630BFCD4" box="[507,621,844,870]" country="Peru" name="Matapalo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Matapalo</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC1FFC2FDC1FC9B63D4FCD4" box="[632,690,844,870]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FCA36590FC3C" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" box="[312,1270,884,910]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC1FFC2FE81FCA360D4FC3F" box="[312,434,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Habitat.—</emphasis>
Found among oysters (
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC1FFC2FD06FCA36209FC3C" author="Rathbun, M." box="[703,879,884,910]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="531 - 620" refId="ref10264" refString="Rathbun, M. (1910) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38 (1766), 531 - 620." type="journal article" year="1910">Rathbun, 1910</bibRefCitation>
) or coral reefs (
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC1FFC2FB90FCA3658FFC3C" author="von Prahl, H." box="[1065,1257,884,910]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="95 - 99" refId="ref10230" refString="von Prahl, H. (1986) Crustaceos decapodos, asociados a diferentes habitats en la Ensenada de Utira, Choco, Colombia. Actualidades Biologicas, 15, 95 - 99." type="journal article" year="1986">von Prahl, 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FC4B6535FC6C" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC1FFC2FE81FC4B6246FC07" box="[312,800,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Geographic distribution and depth range</emphasis>
. Ensenada de Utría,
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC1FFC2FBA0FC4B65EBFC04" box="[1049,1165,924,950]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colombia</collectingCountry>
to Matapalo,
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC1FFC2FEB1FC136026FC6C" box="[264,320,964,990]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
, less than
<quantity id="9453ABEFFFC1FFC2FE00FC136093FC6C" box="[441,501,964,990]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC1FFC2FDBDFC1363A2FC6C" author="von Prahl, H." box="[516,708,964,990]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="95 - 99" refId="ref10230" refString="von Prahl, H. (1986) Crustaceos decapodos, asociados a diferentes habitats en la Ensenada de Utira, Choco, Colombia. Actualidades Biologicas, 15, 95 - 99." type="journal article" year="1986">von Prahl, 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Lemaitre &amp; Álvarez León 1992).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FC3B601BFB7C" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC1FFC2FE81FC3B60C0FBB7" box="[312,422,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
Many species of
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC1FFC2FDCBFC3B6391FBB7" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[626,759,1004,1029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC1FFC2FDCBFC3B6391FBB7" box="[626,759,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synalpheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present a wide range of intraspecific variation. Even the same specimen may present differences when sides are compared. Frequently, the variation in the cephalic appendages is correlated to both the position of the major chela of the first pair of pereopods. In the
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFC1FFC2FD42FBB36207FBCC" box="[763,865,1124,1150]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC1FFC2FC30FBB36556FBCF" box="[905,1072,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC1FFC2FC30FBB3654DFBCF" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1910" box="[905,1067,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">S. peruvianus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the major chela is on the left side and incidentally the left appendages are smaller than the appendages on the right side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81FB0B621BF984" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
We do not agree with some of the characters listed by
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC1FFC2FC7CFB0B65E5FB44" author="Rathbun, M." box="[965,1155,1244,1270]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="531 - 620" refId="ref10264" refString="Rathbun, M. (1910) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38 (1766), 531 - 620." type="journal article" year="1910">Rathbun (1910)</bibRefCitation>
. According to her, the rostrum exceeds slightly the length of the orbital teeth; however, we observed that they have the same length.
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC1FFC2FDEEFAFB6274FAF4" author="Rathbun, M." box="[599,786,1324,1350]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="531 - 620" refId="ref10264" refString="Rathbun, M. (1910) The stalk-eyed Crustacea of Peru and the adjacent coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38 (1766), 531 - 620." type="journal article" year="1910">Rathbun (1910)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the scaphocerite reaches the apex of the antennular peduncle, but we found that in the
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFC1FFC2FC55FA836533FADC" box="[1004,1109,1364,1390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the scaphocerite reaches only to about 0.2 times the length of the third segment of the antennular peduncle. She also stated that the carpocerite surpassed slightly the antennular peduncle, but we found that the carpocerite reached only slightly beyond half the length of the third segment of the antennular peduncle. These discrepancies may be because Rathbun measured the
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFC1FFC2FEB1F9CB6008F984" box="[264,366,1564,1590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in a different position or at a different angle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5314060AFFC1FFC2FE81F99360ADF964" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="94AB7D89FFC1FFC2FE81F993632CF9EF" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1910" box="[312,586,1604,1629]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="61DFDA18FFC1FFC2FE81F993632CF9EF" box="[312,586,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synalpheus peruvianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been poorly collected. Lemaitre and lvarez León (1992) recorded the species from
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC1FFC2FD85F9BB6300F934" box="[572,614,1644,1670]" name="Iceland" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Isla</collectingCountry>
Gorgona,
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC1FFC2FD5BF9BB623FF934" box="[738,857,1644,1670]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. The only other record of this species is Rathbuns specimen from the
<typeStatus id="8C10B8A8FFC1FFC2FDD1F94363FCF91C" box="[616,666,1684,1710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality.
<bibRefCitation id="373A7BFBFFC1FFC2FCB4F94362A7F91C" author="Mendez, M." box="[781,961,1684,1710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref10129" refString="Mendez, M. (1981) Claves de identificacion y distribucion de los langostinos y camarones (Crustacea: Decapoda) del mar y rios de la costa del Peru. Boletin del Instituto del Mar del Peru, 5, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="1981">Méndez (1981)</bibRefCitation>
did not report any other specimens from
<collectingCountry id="2BBC469AFFC1FFC2FE34F96B60A0F964" box="[397,454,1724,1750]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>