263 lines
66 KiB
XML
263 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="822e7f16-a304-4e49-818a-0f674b35bf53" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7305672" checkinTime="1667942969510" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zidarova, Ralitsa, Haan, Myriam De, Ivanov, Plamen, Hineva, Elitsa & Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2022" docId="C91528528D38FFBBFF17F7AAFEA97A3C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.572.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 572 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.5:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Craspedostauros laevissimus Sabbe" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="352C502A8D3BFFBDFF9FFFAEFFFC7F04" masterDocTitle="The genus Craspedostauros E. J. Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668081398027" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Craspedostauros E. J. Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zidarova, Ralitsa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6451-0099</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Oceanology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 40 Parvi May Str., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria & zidarova. r @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6451 - 0099</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zidarova.r@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Haan, Myriam De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1868-1265</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium & myriam. dehaan @ plantentuinmeise. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1868 - 1265</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">myriam.dehaan@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ivanov, Plamen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2215-7984</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Mayor Yurii Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria & plamen _ new @ abv. bg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2215 - 7984</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">plamen_new@abv.bg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hineva, Elitsa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9540-5267</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Oceanology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 40 Parvi May Str., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria & elitsa. hineva @ abv. bg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9540 - 5267</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">elitsa.hineva@abv.bg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6244-1886</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - ECOSPHERE, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium & bart. vandevijver @ plantentuinmeise. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6244 - 1886</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bart.vandevijver@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>572</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>24</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">822e7f16-a304-4e49-818a-0f674b35bf53</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7305672</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7310415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91528528D38FFBBFF17F7AAFEA97A3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C91528528D38FFBBFF17F7AAFEA97A3C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection box="[136,1389,2052,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1389,2052,2079]" box="[136,1389,2052,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading bold="true" box="[136,1389,2052,2079]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,1389,2052,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabbe" baseAuthorityName="West & G. S. West" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[136,468,2052,2079]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,468,2052,2079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Craspedostauros laevissimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(West & G.S.West 9: 8) Sabbe (00: 5) (Figs – 8, 7, 9– 7, 80–85)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7310419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7310419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[136,243,1847,1869]" subCaptionStartIDs="4.[427,462,1920,1942] 4.[1162,1197,1920,1942]" subCaptionStarts="Fig. 4 & Fig. 22" targetBox="[227,1361,190,1823]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1452,1847,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,301,1847,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES – 8.</emphasis>
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LM images of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabbe" baseAuthorityName="West & G. S. West" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[440,718,1848,1869]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
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<emphasis box="[440,718,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craspedostauros laevissimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Zidarova & Haan & Ivanov & Hineva & Vijver, 2022" authorityName="Zidarova & Haan & Ivanov & Hineva & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[760,870,1848,1869]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[760,870,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. confusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[874,945,1848,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[874,940,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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2–8.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabbe" baseAuthorityName="West & G. S. West" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[995,1273,1848,1869]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
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<emphasis box="[995,1273,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craspedostauros laevissimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sample 11). 9–18.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabbe" baseAuthorityName="West & G. S. West" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[136,417,1884,1905]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
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<emphasis box="[136,417,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craspedostauros laevissimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sample 13). 19–26.
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<taxonomicName authority="Zidarova & Haan & Ivanov & Hineva & Vijver, 2022" authorityName="Zidarova & Haan & Ivanov & Hineva & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[622,875,1884,1905]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[622,875,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craspedostauros confusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[882,956,1884,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[882,950,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[969,1012,1884,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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population, sample 14). 27.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabbe" baseAuthorityName="West & G. S. West" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craspedostauros laevissimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(enlarged view of Fig. 4, sample 11). 28.
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<taxonomicName authority="Zidarova & Haan & Ivanov & Hineva & Vijver, 2022" authorityName="Zidarova & Haan & Ivanov & Hineva & Vijver" authorityYear="2022" box="[648,901,1920,1941]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[648,901,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craspedostauros confusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[907,981,1920,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[907,975,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(enlarged view of
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<figureCitation box="[1162,1232,1920,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<typeStatus box="[1241,1282,1920,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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specimen). Scale bars = 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7305674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305674/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,233,1868,1890]" targetBox="[231,1356,190,1845]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,1868,2067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,298,1868,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 9–.</emphasis>
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SEM images of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabbe" baseAuthorityName="West & G. S. West" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[442,696,1868,1889]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Craspedostauros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
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<emphasis box="[442,696,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Craspedostauros laevissimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sample 11). 29. External valve view. 30. Close up of the central area of the same valve showing the expanded central raphe endings and cribrate areolae. 31. Close up of the apex of the same valve showing the bent and expanded distal raphe endings and a cribrate areola with two central pores (white arrow). Note the presence of areolae and pores around the raphe endings on the apex (black arrows). 32. External valve view. 33. Same valve, close up of the central area with the expanded and slightly curved central raphe endings.Arrow shows a cribrate areola with three central pores. 34. Same valve, close up of the apex with white arrows showing the presence of both areolae with and without central pores. Note also the presence of areolae and pores on the apex (black arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 29, 32); 1 μm (Figs 30, 31, 33–34).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,157,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,662,157,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">LM observations (Figs – 8, 7, 80–85):—</emphasis>
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Frustules rectangular, lanceolate in girdle view with weakly convex margins (
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<figureCitation box="[241,342,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
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), constricted in the middle (i.e. biarcuate), with numerous copulae (
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<figureCitation box="[1106,1190,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Longest valves linear (
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<figureCitation box="[144,321,230,257]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–85" captionStartId="15.[136,243,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 60–85. LM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 60–67. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample DNA5). 68–77. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample LT6). 78–79. Craspedostauros confusus sp.nov. (sample MO’), Fig.78 showing afrustule withnumerous copulaein girdleview.80–84.Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 85. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305684/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 80, 83, 85</figureCitation>
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), linear-lanceolate, smaller valves becoming elliptic-lanceolate (
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<figureCitation box="[1052,1127,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,190,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[227,1361,190,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES – 8.LM images of Craspedostauros laevissimusand C.confusus sp.nov. 2–8.Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11).9–18. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). 19–26. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (type population, sample 14). 27. Craspedostauros laevissimus (enlarged view of Fig. 4, sample 11). 28. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (enlarged view of Fig. 22, type specimen). Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7310419/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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, 13, 15, 27). Apices broadly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[245,320,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,190,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[227,1361,190,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES – 8.LM images of Craspedostauros laevissimusand C.confusus sp.nov. 2–8.Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11).9–18. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). 19–26. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (type population, sample 14). 27. Craspedostauros laevissimus (enlarged view of Fig. 4, sample 11). 28. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (enlarged view of Fig. 22, type specimen). Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7310419/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, 15, 27), to almost cuneate (Figs 2, 3, 13). Valve margins in the middle ranging from occasionally almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[319,401,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–85" captionStartId="15.[136,243,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 60–85. LM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 60–67. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample DNA5). 68–77. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample LT6). 78–79. Craspedostauros confusus sp.nov. (sample MO’), Fig.78 showing afrustule withnumerous copulaein girdleview.80–84.Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 85. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305684/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
) to, usually, weakly (Figs 3, 5) to moderately (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[932,1006,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,190,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[227,1361,190,1823]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES – 8.LM images of Craspedostauros laevissimusand C.confusus sp.nov. 2–8.Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11).9–18. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). 19–26. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (type population, sample 14). 27. Craspedostauros laevissimus (enlarged view of Fig. 4, sample 11). 28. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (enlarged view of Fig. 22, type specimen). Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7310419/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, 9) convex. Valve dimensions (n = 26): valve length 20–42 µm, valve width 4.5–7.0 µm. Occasionally, weakly silicified valves, probably in state of formation, and easily “squashed” on the slides, appear to have a larger valve width (see for instance
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1144,1317,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–85" captionStartId="15.[136,243,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 60–85. LM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 60–67. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample DNA5). 68–77. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample LT6). 78–79. Craspedostauros confusus sp.nov. (sample MO’), Fig.78 showing afrustule withnumerous copulaein girdleview.80–84.Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 85. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305684/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 81, 82, 84</figureCitation>
|
||
). Axial area very narrow, linear. Central area variable in size, from very narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[925,1000,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 9" captionStartId="5.[136,233,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,190,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[231,1356,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11). 29. External valve view.30.Close up of the central area of the same valve showing the expanded central raphe endings and cribrate areolae.31. Close up of the apex of the same valve showing the bent and expanded distal raphe endings and a cribrate areola with two central pores (white arrow). Note the presence of areolae and pores around the raphe endings on the apex (black arrows).32. External valve view.33. Same valve, close up of the central area with the expanded and slightly curved central raphe endings.Arrow shows a cribrate areola with three central pores. 34. Same valve, close up of the apex with white arrows showing the presence of both areolae with and without central pores. Note also the presence of areolae and pores on the apex (black arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 29, 32); 1 μm (Figs 30, 31, 33–34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305674/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1014,1043,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11</figureCitation>
|
||
), almost rectangular (Figs 3, 16) to bow-tie-shaped fascia, widening towards the margin (Figs 2, 4, 5, 27). Raphe filiform, slightly curved to straight, with enlarged central raphe endings, and elongated, unilaterally bent, terminal raphe fissures. Striae fine, parallel, occasionally very weakly radiate in the middle, 28–30(32) in 10 µm. Areolae not or occasionally slightly individually discernible in LM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,157,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,677,589,616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
SEM observations (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[420,549,589,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 9" captionStartId="5.[136,233,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,190,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[231,1356,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11). 29. External valve view.30.Close up of the central area of the same valve showing the expanded central raphe endings and cribrate areolae.31. Close up of the apex of the same valve showing the bent and expanded distal raphe endings and a cribrate areola with two central pores (white arrow). Note the presence of areolae and pores around the raphe endings on the apex (black arrows).32. External valve view.33. Same valve, close up of the central area with the expanded and slightly curved central raphe endings.Arrow shows a cribrate areola with three central pores. 34. Same valve, close up of the apex with white arrows showing the presence of both areolae with and without central pores. Note also the presence of areolae and pores on the apex (black arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 29, 32); 1 μm (Figs 30, 31, 33–34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305674/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 9– 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[561,633,589,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–90" captionStartId="16.[136,242,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 86–90. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 86. External valve view of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 87. Close up of the striae of the same valve, showing the occasionally present enlarged areolae near the raphe, without central pores (arrow). Note the density of areolae in comparison to Fig. 88 below. 88–90. Close ups of the central area (Fig. 88) and apices (Figs 88–90) of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample MO’), showing the typically enlarged cribrate areolae near the raphe, usually with several central pores. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 86); 1 μm (Figs 87–90)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">86–87</figureCitation>
|
||
):—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Externally, valve face curving into a deep mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1233,1361,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 29, 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Raphe almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[317,531,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 29, 32, 36, 39</figureCitation>
|
||
) or sometimes weakly undulating (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[928,1012,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Central raphe endings weakly curved and enlarged (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[292,587,662,689]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 29–30, 32–33, 35, 37</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally straight and only weakly expanded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1153,1283,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 39–40</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the apices, axial area triangularly widening, forming a silica flap (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[756,885,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 38, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
) on one side covering the terminal raphe fissures. Fissures continuing shortly onto the mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[652,966,734,761]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 31, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
), clearly unilaterally bent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1278,1411,734,761]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 35, 36</figureCitation>
|
||
) to weakly hooked (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[327,413,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striae uniseriate, composed of cribrate areolae of almost equal size (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 30, 35, 39, 40, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
) to slightly larger near the axial area (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[592,764,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 37, 40, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larger areolae, apparently formed by merging two adjacent areolae occasionally present near the axial area (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[682,769,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[782,812,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–90" captionStartId="16.[136,242,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 86–90. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 86. External valve view of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 87. Close up of the striae of the same valve, showing the occasionally present enlarged areolae near the raphe, without central pores (arrow). Note the density of areolae in comparison to Fig. 88 below. 88–90. Close ups of the central area (Fig. 88) and apices (Figs 88–90) of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample MO’), showing the typically enlarged cribrate areolae near the raphe, usually with several central pores. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 86); 1 μm (Figs 87–90)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">87</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). Areolae continuing around the apices (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 31, 34, 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cribra composed of usually four (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[608,822,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 34, 37, 40, 42</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely five (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[973,1144,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 33, 34, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
) peripheral pores, although very rarely, up to 6–7 very small peripheral pores were observed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[873,956,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
), or very occasionally only 1–3 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1324,1409,914,941]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). In general, areolae near the axial area more complex, with more peripheral pores, whereas areolae on the rest of the valve face simplified having a lower number of peripheral pores (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[794,922,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 40, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Central cribrum pores usually single or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,318,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 30, 37, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally 2–3 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[544,761,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 31, 33, 34, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Areolae uniformly distributed over the valve face, ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1394,1451,1022,1048]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
|
||
10 µm. Internally, areolar openings square to rectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[783,911,1058,1084]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 46, 47</figureCitation>
|
||
), to almost rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1147,1277,1058,1085]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 43, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal raphe branches straight, located on a distinctly raised sternum. Central raphe endings terminating onto double helictoglossae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,318,1130,1157]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 43, 45, 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stauros narrow, located on a wider hyaline fascia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[907,1039,1130,1156]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStart-1="FIGURES" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionStartId-0="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionStartId-1="8.[136,234,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetBox-0="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1327,190,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@8.[261,1327,190,1758]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." captionText-0="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." captionText-1="FIGURES – 7. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus from different populations. 42. Close up of the central area externally, showing the weakly expanded central raphe endings and the cribrate areolae with usually four to five peripheral pores and up to one central pore (sample 13). 43. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros located in a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa, and the rounded to rectangular areolar openings internally (sample 13). 44. Close up of the apex, showing the bent distal raphe endings, cribrate areoale with up to six peripheral pores and up to two central pores (sample 13). 45. Close ups of both the valve exterior and interior (sample 11), showing the weakly expanded central raphe endings externally; the areolae near the raphe with usually four to five peripheral pores and one central pore; the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded areolar openings internally. 46. Internal valve view, showing the narrow transverse rib of silica at the valve center (strauros) and the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa (sample 11). 47. Close up of the apex of the same valve internally, showing the rounded to square or rectangular areolar openings (sample 11). Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 46); 1 μm (Figs 42–45,47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7310425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7310425/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 43–46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terminal raphe endings finish onto broad helictoglossae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[380,511,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 –56" captionStartId="13.[136,238,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[225,1362,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7305680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7305680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 46, 47</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,157,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,663,1201,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecology and associated diatom flora:—</emphasis>
|
||
The species was often found in the epilithon of tidal pools at Hannah Point (samples 11 and 13, and LT10), having variable salinity levels between 11.5 and 33.7 (Table 2), but it was most abundant in sample 13. The diatom flora of this sample included
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[861,1016,1274,1300]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Melosiraceae" genus="Melosira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Melosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[861,962,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melosira</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1297,1398,1274,1300]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1297,1398,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Navicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa in larger numbers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |