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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8016" ID-PMC="PMC4956927" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-63-41" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A95DFF90B11AFFBD7E440330FFECFF9D" ID-PubMed="27489477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576363" ModsDocID="1314-2003-63-41" checkinTime="1463624797683" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pan, Bo, Ma, Hu-Sheng &amp; Wang, Rui-Jiang" docDate="2016" docId="A95C7AD32C33F8BB86C3088B5C87B9C3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 63: 41-45" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 63" docPubDate="2016-05-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8016" docTitle="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="A95DFF90B11AFFBD7E440330FFECFF9D" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="A95DFF90B11AFFBD7E440330FFECFF9D" masterDocTitle="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis (Ophiorrhizeae, Rubioideae), a new species from Chongqing, China" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668141694376" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Spiradiclis pengshuiensis (Ophiorrhizeae, Rubioideae), a new species from Chongqing, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pan, Bo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ma, Hu-Sheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Rui-Jiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-05-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>63</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>41</mods:start>
<mods:end>45</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8016</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8016</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-63-41</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A95DFF90B11AFFBD7E440330FFECFF9D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576363</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A95C7AD32C33F8BB86C3088B5C87B9C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A95C7AD32C33F8BB86C3088B5C87B9C3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName LSID="A95C7AD3-2C33-F8BB-86C3-088B5C87B9C3" authority="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis" status="sp. nov.">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="42">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spiradiclis pengshuiensis sp. nov. A habitat B habit C linear stipules D visiting insects E bracts and hypanthium F-I longitudinal section of long- (F, H) and short-styled flowers (G, I), respectively, showing the induments, relative positions and morphology of the stigmas and anthers and the developing capsules in distylous flowers J infructescence K-L transverse and longitudinal section of young capsules, respectively M mature capsule N dehiscent capsules O seeds. Photos by Ruijiang Wang." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8016.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89184" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.Wu &amp; Q.R.Liu" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pauciflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Spiradiclis pauciflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. Wu &amp; Q. R. Liu, from which it differs in having linear (vs. triangular) stipules, 4-6 (vs. 3-4) secondary veins each side of the leaf laminas, salverform (vs. funnelform) corolla with 9-15 mm (vs. 7-9 mm) long tubes (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of Spiradiclis pengshuiensis and Spiradiclis pauciflora." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1F30216F684924D6568D978728D669AC" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" tableUuid="1F30216F684924D6568D978728D669AC">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1F30216F684924D6568D978728D669AC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1F30216F684924D6568D978728D669AC" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.Wu &amp; Q.R.Liu" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pauciflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Spiradiclis pauciflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<table pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.Wu &amp; Q.R.Liu" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pauciflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Spiradiclis pauciflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Habit</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Erect or prostrate at base</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Creeping or with upper parts ascending</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Indument</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Pubescent whole plant surfaces</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Pubescent whole plant surfaces</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Stem</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Terete</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Terete</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Stipules</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Linear, 0.9-1.2 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Triangular, less than 1 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Petioles length (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">3.5-23.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">3-10</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Leaf blades</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Ovate; base cuneate or late cuneate, asymmetry, decurrent; apex obtuse to rounded</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Ovate to elliptic-ovate; base obtuse to broadly cuneate; apex obtuse to acute</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Leaf texture</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Papery</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Papery</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Leaf size (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
(4-) 7-15(-25)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.5-) 5-10 (-15)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">
5-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-15
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Leaf color</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Green adaxially and pale green abaxially</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Olive-green adaxially, pale or sometime purplish red abaxially</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Secondary veins on each side</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">4-6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">3-4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Terminal, 1-7(-12)-flowered</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Terminal, 3-7(-9)-flowered</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Peduncle length (cm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">1-2.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">1-3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Pedicel length (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">0-2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">0.3-3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Lanceolate, 0.8-1.5 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Ovate-triangular, 1.2-1.6 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Corolla</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Salverform; corolla tube 9-15 cm long; lobes oval, 5-7.5 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Funnelform; corolla tube 7-9 mm long; lobes ovate-triangular, 2.5-3 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Pin flowers</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Corolla pubescent adaxially, without ring hairs; styles 9-12 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Ring hairs present in adaxial side of corolla; styles 7.5-8.5 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Style length in thrum flowers (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">ca. 5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">2.7-3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Capsules</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Subglobose, 3-5 mm in diam.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Subglobose, ca. 2 mm in diam.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Phenology</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Flowering in November to next January, fruiting in December to February</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rowspan="1">Flowering in March to June, fruiting in May to August</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-11-29" country="CHINA" county="Pengshui County" elevation="360" latitude="29.133333" location="Hanxia Town" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="108.1" municipality="Municipality" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chongqing" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Chongqing">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality>Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingCounty>Pengshui County</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A95C7AD32C33F8BB86C3088B5C87B9C3:9840D8554088C28F1832AAD92A08F31D" country="CHINA" county="Pengshui County" latitude="29.133333" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="108.1" municipality="Municipality" name="Hanxia Town" stateProvince="Chongqing">Hanxia Town</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A95C7AD32C33F8BB86C3088B5C87B9C3:2F54B58F7625742534B56E08D37747C9" country="CHINA" county="Pengshui County" latitude="29.133333" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="108.1" municipality="Municipality" name="Baixiang Village" stateProvince="Chongqing">Baixiang Village</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="29.133333">29°8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="108.1">108°6'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="360.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectingDate value="2014-11-29">29 Nov 2014</collectingDate>
, Rui-Jiang Wang 2931, long-styled flower (
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
IBSC; isotypes IBSC)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
Perennial herbs, 4-9 cm tall, densely pubescent on plant surfaces; stems erect or prostrate at base and then ascending, terete, rooting at nodes; inter nodes 2-15 mm long. Stipules linear, 0.9-1.2 mm long. Petiole (3.5-)7-12(-23.5) mm long. Leaf blades opposite, ovate, (4-)7-15(-25)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.5-)5-10(-15) mm; base cuneate or late cuneate, asymmetry, decurrent; apex obtuse to rounded, papery, green adaxially and pale green abaxially; secondary veins 4-6 on each side; margin revolute slightly. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, 1-7(-12)-flowered but only 1-3 blooming simultaneously; peduncles 1-2.1 cm long; bracts and bracteoles linear, 1-2 mm long. Flowers distylous; pedicels 0-2 mm long; hypanthium obconical, 1-2 mm long; calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, 0.8-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 0.4 mm. Corolla salverform, white adaxially, pinkish to white abaxially, pubescent both sides; tube 9-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2 mm; lobes (4-)5, oval, 5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.5 mm. Stamens 5; anthers linear-oblong, 1.5-2 mm long, dorsi-fixed. Stigma bilobed, lobes ovoid; ovary 2-celled, ovules many, axile. Long-styled flowers:
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="43" start="start">stamens</pageBreakToken>
included; filaments adnate to the lower corolla tube, ca. 1.5 mm long; styles 9-12 mm long; stigma ca. 0.5 mm long, red to brown, extended to corolla throat, not exserted. Short-styled flowers: stamens extended to corolla throat, not exserted; filaments adnate to upper corolla tube, ca. 0.5 mm long; styles ca. 5 mm long; stigmas ca. 1.5 mm long, included. Capsules subglobose, 3-5 mm in diam., with persistent calyx lobes, dehiscent septicidally and loculicidally; valves 4, ovate, 3-5 mm long. Seeds 15-20 per capsule, ca. 0.5 mm long, brown, irregular pyramid to cuboid, foveolate on surface.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="978871" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8016.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89184" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
habitat
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
linear stipules
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
visiting insects
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
bracts and hypanthium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">F-I</emphasis>
longitudinal section of long- (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">F, H</emphasis>
) and short-styled flowers (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">G, I</emphasis>
), respectively, showing the induments, relative positions and morphology of the stigmas and anthers and the developing capsules in distylous flowers
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">J</emphasis>
infructescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">K-L</emphasis>
transverse and longitudinal section of young capsules, respectively
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">M</emphasis>
mature capsule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
dehiscent capsules
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">O</emphasis>
seeds. Photos by Ruijiang Wang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Flowers from November to next January; fruits from December to next February.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type locality. Its habitat is on the cliffs nearby the A-Yi-He river but with very poor conditions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
Only three small populations and less than 500 individuals of
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within 5 km2 were found in the A-Yi-He Scenic Area. The tourist activity is the primary factor in the decline of populations. In addition, the
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="44" start="start">plants</pageBreakToken>
always grow on the cliffs with little soil and insufficient water, which limited the development and dispersal of the species. Therefore we assign a preliminary IUCN threat status of Vulnerable [VU, B2ab(ii, iii, iv)] to
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. Pan &amp; R. J. Wang" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Spiradiclis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spiradiclis pengshuiensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pengshuiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Spiradiclis pengshuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" refId="B3" refString="IUCN, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1)" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-11-29" collectingDateMax="2016-01-12" collectingDateMin="2014-11-29" country="CHINA" county="Municipality" elevation="350" latitude="29.133333" location="Baixiang Village" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="108.1" municipality="Hanxia Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chongqing">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Chongqing">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty>Municipality</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Pengshui County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Hanxia Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A95C7AD32C33F8BB86C3088B5C87B9C3:608BFFDD32134CE77F9312351DEE552F" country="CHINA" county="Municipality" latitude="29.133333" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="108.1" municipality="Hanxia Town" name="Baixiang Village" stateProvince="Chongqing">Baixiang Village</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="29.133333">29°8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="108.1">108°6'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectingDate value="2014-11-29">29 Nov 2014</collectingDate>
, short-styled flowers, Rui-Jiang Wang 2932, 2937 (IBSC); same locality,
<collectingDate value="2016-01-12">12 Jan 2016</collectingDate>
, fruiting, Rui-Jiang Wang 3095, 3099 (IBSC)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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