151 lines
20 KiB
XML
151 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="DFABDDF5D4C667E18AA7696BFD877EDF" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="80d9ecf3-9ff6-4f20-86aa-0910a641cb8e" ModsDocID="20597" checkinTime="1243371986070" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Wheeler, W. M." docDate="1922" docId="8ABD70A829763E340B690564EAF12D23" docLanguage="en" docName="20597_2" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45" docSource="http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/17097" docTitle="Crematogaster" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="5A93796082A6378B06C46BB24D100B01" masterDocTitle="The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition." masterLastPageNumber="269" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1701311225547" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9F8CB279C64D41C91A1AC0020127CC30">
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<mods:title id="2DD58C1A4FDC5E3901D1F1AA268B516E">The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C4F9F84A1561027E899F4331F1335F8">Wheeler, W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AA0ABF03822514C930DFF37CAA68958E">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="10BC99AF8258B16BD41E4EB94661F27D">
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<mods:date id="6F9F8D27533F77207E84B6D46DFF93FD">1922</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D82F7DEABE769D36E9E47234841463A">45</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AE6CB270256155610B25E7F6E64E653F">39</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="680D0A38637BC4762615C5D25474CCDC">http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/17097</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C7FAD4577371F4A390232D5EECC65F08">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9C294CB591078D19450A12941ABFBA83" type="HNS-Pub">20597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8ABD70A829763E340B690564EAF12D23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6288728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125135090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6288728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8ABD70A829763E340B690564EAF12D23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8ABD70A829763E340B690564EAF12D23" lastPageNumber="151" pageNumber="150">
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<subSubSection id="A3A858CFC54F04DC00787B1E28080CA7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A93D759328E36CAE765846A7B897F19E" pageNumber="150">
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<taxonomicName id="BEA4E4159AA1685441F2AA96AE618B3D" ID-CoL="3VHN" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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Lund
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="49CB586053EDCCFFDF58F111317A5035" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0549AADB340EB6DBA800EFEDF4391182" pageNumber="150">
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<taxonomicName id="B88B2B52D52BFCFB1E8CC9627A564DD4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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is one of the largest and most sharply defined genera in the family Formicidae. The species are all small, with monomorphic worker, decidedly larger female, and the male usually as small as the worker. The worker and female have 10- or 11-jointed antennae, those of the male are usually 12-jointed. All the phases can be readily recognized by the peculiar structure and articulation of the petiole and postpetiole. The former does not bear a node but is more or less flattened above, the latter is short and articulated to the anterodorsal surface of the gaster, instead of to its anterior end as in other ants. The gaster, moreover, is in the worker and male subtriangular or subcordate, with pointed tip, and its upper surface is concave or more or less flattened, its ventral surface more convex and protuberant. These peculiarities in the structure of the abdomen enable the workers of many species to turn the gaster forward over the thorax and head, so that they are sometimes called "acrobat ants." As a rule, the sting is feebly developed. The anterior wings of the male and female have a discoidal and a single closed cubital cell.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11F250FA5612E615E7E33B07D3979876" pageNumber="150">
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The species of
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<taxonomicName id="83FE3C5552F45537E61DA1CCA5C0E86E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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all form populous colonies which nest in the ground, under stones, in logs, the cavities of living plants, or in peculiar carton nests attached to the branches or trunks of trees. This habit of making carton nests is best seen in the tropical species, but traces of it survive even in the species inhabiting temperate regions, such as the North American
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<taxonomicName id="83C38867265A0EB1FBDECB8216EE8A68" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28284" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster lineolata (Say)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolata">C. lineolata (Say)</taxonomicName>
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. Many of the species have rank and disagreeable odors.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF113F9F6691299669B8714AA7F45A6F" lastPageNumber="151" pageNumber="150">
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The genus is cosmopolitan (Map 22), though the species scarcely enter the colder portions of the north and south temperate zones. Our common
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<taxonomicName id="5277928311714BA9D5B3A93E52FF615A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28284" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster lineolata (Say)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolata">C. lineolata (Say)</taxonomicName>
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of North America occurs, however, as far north as Nova Scotia. The vast majority of species are confined to the tropics, being particularly numerous in the Neotropical and Ethiopian Regions. The African forms are so numerous and so variable that they constitute a veritable welter of subspecies and varieties. Mayr, Forel, Arnold, and Santschi have all dispaired of reducing this chaos to order. Unfortunately the portion of Arnold's work dealing with the South African species has been postponed by the war. He has, however, kindly written me concerning certain necessaly changes in the synonymy of several of the species and I have adopted his interpretations in the list of Ethiopian species (Part VIII). Dr. Santschi, who has given more attention to the African species of
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<taxonomicName id="5438B2EE93BEB0D6A48D509334040F28" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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than any previous author, has generously examined and identified a series of all the Congo forms collected by Lang, Chapin, and Bequaert and has written the descriptions of several new forms. In the meantime he has published a revision of the subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="18B1569766F87A926CBC610438E20CDE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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.1 Forel was the first to begin the splitting of the genus, but Santschi has added several new subgenera. A translation of his table has been included in the key to the genera and subgenera of Myrmicinae. Santschi has arranged these various subgenera according to their natural affinities in the following sequence:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="077D9419DB2ABDC1B6E72A3B46BB7341" type="multiple">
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<caption id="72E2053D49452811FD0E8A81592147C5">
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<paragraph id="918B5D104855FA12280F5BCF27248E8B" pageNumber="151">
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Map 22. Distribution of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="48CB03DD61B19EAE45D72118C68E0D5A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="103EDAFCCF3BB814185BD6CA13847381" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="07A783D9F1C2583AF906085EA2584EE2" pageNumber="151">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="8498E8E5F7C65A8261042A02BA28AB6E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146896" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decacrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Decacrema Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Decacrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F372275EBAE12B792E177A38D4EA7F65" pageNumber="151">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="C2BCA0FBDF2AC53F8A3218FB3883787B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147157" authority="Santschi, 1918" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Orthocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Orthocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthocrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="590FE4C3207B81B37938AA78C2B87D4F" pageNumber="151">
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3.
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<taxonomicName id="A6FFAF44B6A8B190BFE3F5CFB80701AE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146948" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eucrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Eucrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eucrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="483DAF25883569168C5BFEAF3B732EEA" pageNumber="151">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="68E6CB05B0820F4EB581F6C494460D3F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147131" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Neocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neocrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E40AE5B81E5D7CD8A5EEA3F6A6C71B59" pageNumber="151">
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5.
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<taxonomicName id="50675DC9501AB75847AC187A44E100DF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147239" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphaerocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Sphaerocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaerocrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F058C5617211966D859CD9C43BC34919" pageNumber="151">
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6.
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<taxonomicName id="B9F68F776498DF46378FD33B437152B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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, sensu stricto
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC6EAF546E6CA3C28E1EB1CF3547E174" pageNumber="151">
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7.
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<taxonomicName id="E78C6772A094F229532485592E74FF44" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:87031" authority="Krombein, 1957" authorityName="Krombein" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Atopogyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Atopogyne Krombein" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atopogyne</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A7AC4A830B022779402C4DC836918FF" pageNumber="151">
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8.
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<taxonomicName id="1EB182AF4EC44E3F8A801289A9378491" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147167" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paracrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Paracrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D42156F63B6FC01BD9755CA479E5DD11" pageNumber="151">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="9389DED0A3A067B5721A383978BCE1F0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147290" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Xiphocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Xiphocrema Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xiphocrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C06ADF086B49F63B71092A4FB82C641" pageNumber="151">
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10.
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<taxonomicName id="A0D93A3E2C11D058B21B16EF5DA91D13" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147191" authority="Forel, 1912" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Physocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Physocrema Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Physocrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC57A1FDED30C266719AE3FFA27CCFDE" pageNumber="151">
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11.
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<taxonomicName id="CD188945D91AA456E2A3709F2B2FCC03" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147161" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Oxygyne" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName-HNS="Oxygyne Forel" order="Dioscoreales" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oxygyne</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42538BD2766119D5BCDEBA5365F35466" pageNumber="151">
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12.
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<taxonomicName id="1C7100292880DBF355131C089AF42415" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147127" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nematocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Nematocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nematocrema</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BE2EC9AA1178BC14B4D73592F8A5A5C" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="2FD33244EA7402494A5A2D0C5DFE0DEA" pageNumber="151">
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Of these, at least seven,
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<taxonomicName id="53E215C7B6DDB025CB5C22E93AAFE210" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146896" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decacrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Decacrema Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Decacrema</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B0F9C6212440D0F9163D520AEA9DBE63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147157" authority="Santschi, 1918" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Orthocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Orthocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthocrema</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F72DFB410EA6087D30345C81B14F2274" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147239" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphaerocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Sphaerocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaerocrema</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8B743E928FF030F0AFA3E6398754549F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="31A7936A697369A329922E6FC4F3283E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:87031" authority="Krombein, 1957" authorityName="Krombein" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Atopogyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Atopogyne Krombein" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atopogyne</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="72B358CD38F820182DDA390112C6FCF4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147161" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Oxygyne" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName-HNS="Oxygyne Forel" order="Dioscoreales" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oxygyne</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="340361833E3FE0B7E70724890555640D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147127" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nematocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Nematocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nematocrema</taxonomicName>
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occur in the Ethiopian Region. In the Congo material before me only
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<taxonomicName id="35127F84B5E5FC16B2E88A57089B18EA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147239" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphaerocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Sphaerocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaerocrema</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6844FFB60ED04DD248DD05398088398D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5BDFD3027F01B20342D03C15436EEC30" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:87031" authority="Krombein, 1957" authorityName="Krombein" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Atopogyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Atopogyne Krombein" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atopogyne</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="284661B4BCE0F63C1DE30D5DD369DEF4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147127" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nematocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Nematocrema Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nematocrema</taxonomicName>
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are represented.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |