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<document id="B604677869354BB832E340857BF1CB03" ID-CLB-Dataset="199608" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac044" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7335ecae-6530-4c8a-98ea-69e46b7c0010" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390583" ID-ZooBank="201AE2F6-58EC-44E5-94D1-EDA7FB2C7D86" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669808081566" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valenti, Pietro, Vlachos, Evangelos, Kehlmaier, Christian, Fritz, Uwe, Georgalis, Georgios L., Luján, Àngel Hernández, Miccichè, Roberto, Sineo, Luca &amp; Delfino, Massimo" docDate="2022" docId="8930E442307FFF98EC57FE23E6785523" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac044.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac044" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Solitudo Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino 2022, GEN. NOV." docType="treatment" docUuid="08DE006C-E90B-4605-9711-952D72904E5F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="1711" masterDocId="75099C3A3078FF9FED1FFF89E34B5642" masterDocTitle="The last of the large-sized tortoises of the Mediterranean islands" masterLastPageNumber="1717" masterPageNumber="1704" pageNumber="1711" updateTime="1732791510209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AB9C5EA93D84CC47CF8DD8B4152E8005">The last of the large-sized tortoises of the Mediterranean islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ADB73C77C91D0A20078622A63B5DAF60">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFC9A1EC99B14099E681EFED1E697B31">Luján, Àngel Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8930E442307FFF98EC57FE23E6785523" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390585" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205696897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390585" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08DE006C-E90B-4605-9711-952D72904E5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8930E442307FFF98EC57FE23E6785523" lastPageNumber="1711" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" scope_class="Testudines" scope_family="Testudinidae">
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<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EC57FE23E2895780" authority="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino, 2022" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[328,450,426,450]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">SOLITUDO</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DE343D307FFF98ECD5FE24E10A5780" box="[458,577,426,450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" rank="genus">GEN. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98ED8EFE5BE29E57AA" box="[145,469,466,488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act:
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08DE006C-E90B-4605-9711-952D72904E
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.
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<paragraph id="01265554307FFF98ED8EFDB8E1B15426" blockId="7.[145,762,560,612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
<materialsCitation id="B1F15F09307FFF98ED8EFDB8E1BC5426" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3981192303" country="Malta" county="Middle Pleistocene" location="Zubbo Cave" municipality="Cave" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zebbug" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98ED8EFDB8E2605407" box="[145,299,560,582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
<typeStatus id="DE22EBF6307FFF98ED8EFDB8E3835404" box="[145,200,561,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EC5DFDB9E1B95407" authority="Leith-Adams, 1877" authorityName="Leith-Adams" authorityYear="1877" box="[322,754,560,582]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EC5DFDB9E1485407" box="[322,515,560,581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Testudo robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="650828A5307FFF98EF12FDB9E1B95407" author="Leith-Adams A" box="[525,754,560,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" pagination="177 - 191" refId="ref10087" refString="Leith-Adams A. 1877. On gigantic land-tortoises and a small freshwater species from the ossiferous caverns of Malta, together with a list of their fossil fauna; and a note on chelonian remains from the rock cavities of Gibraltar. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 33: 177 - 191." type="journal article" year="1877">Leith-Adams, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
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=
<collectingRegion id="C35D9BB6307FFF98EC2FFDC7E2C85426" box="[304,387,590,612]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Zebbug</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="E142CF2E307FFF98EC96FDC6E2885426" box="[393,451,591,612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Cave</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="798E15C4307FFF98ECD1FDC7E15F5426" box="[462,532,590,612]" name="Malta" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Malta</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCounty id="E8472DD8307FFF98EF02FDC7E1BC5426" box="[541,759,590,612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Middle Pleistocene</collectingCounty>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01265554307FFF98ED8EFD04E13B555F" blockId="7.[145,761,653,798]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98ED8EFD04E25954E0" box="[145,274,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Etymology:</emphasis>
From the Latin word
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EF00FD04E13654E0" box="[543,637,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">solitudo</emphasis>
, feminine, third declension, meaning solitude, loneliness, in allusion to the insular isolation of these tortoises. Also, the termination -
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EC4DFD60E2CE54BC" box="[338,389,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">tudo</emphasis>
alludes to the name
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<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EF6FFD60E18354BC" box="[624,712,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Testudo</emphasis>
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and the testudinid affinities of this new taxon.
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<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98ED8EFCCEE268551E" box="[145,291,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Members of
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98ECF2FCCFE129551E" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[493,610,838,860]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98ECF2FCCFE129551E" box="[493,610,838,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo</emphasis>
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belong to
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98ED8EFCECE27A5539" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1825" box="[145,305,869,891]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
because of the ventral fusion of the trochanters of the femur. However,
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EF27FC0DE1B355D8" box="[568,760,900,922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EF27FC0DE1D755DB" box="[568,668,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
show an incomplete fusion of the trochanters dorsally, in contrast to other testudinid genera in which the trochanters are connected proximally via a rounded ridge. Furthermore, members of
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EF1BFC77E12F5251" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[516,612,1022,1043]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EF1BFC77E12F5251" box="[516,612,1022,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have femurs that are slender, with a femoral head that is narrower than the combined anteroposterior width of the trochanters and an oblique orientation compared to the anteroposterior plane between 25°45°, in contrast to other genera with relatively massive femora and broad and less oblique femoral heads, forming an angle that is less than 25° with the anteroposterior plane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01265554307FFF98EE36FEE9E76557F1" blockId="7.[809,1425,352,435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EE36FEE9E0865737" box="[809,973,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Included taxa:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EEFEFEE9E6DA5737" authority="(Leith-Adams, 1877)" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Leith-Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[993,1425,352,374]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EEFEFEE9E7EB5737" box="[993,1184,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo robusta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="650828A5307FFF98E9B0FEE9E6C35737" author="Leith-Adams A" box="[1199,1416,352,374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" pagination="177 - 191" refId="ref10087" refString="Leith-Adams A. 1877. On gigantic land-tortoises and a small freshwater species from the ossiferous caverns of Malta, together with a list of their fossil fauna; and a note on chelonian remains from the rock cavities of Gibraltar. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 33: 177 - 191." type="journal article" year="1877">Leith-Adams, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DE343D307FFF98EE36FEF7E0D557D6" box="[809,926,382,404]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EEB7FEF7E65957D6" authority="(Bate, 1914)" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Bate" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[936,1298,382,404]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnesica" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EEB7FEF7E7CF57D6" box="[936,1156,382,404]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo gymnesica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="650828A5307FFF98E98DFEF6E64157D6" author="Bate DMA" box="[1170,1290,383,404]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" pagination="100 - 107" refId="ref8996" refString="Bate DMA. 1914. On remains of a gigantic land tortoise (Testudo gymnesicus n. sp.) from the Pleistocene of Menorca. Geological Magazine 1: 100 - 107." type="journal article" year="1914">Bate, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DE343D307FFF98E807FEF7E6C657D6" box="[1304,1421,382,404]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EE36FE14E09F57F0" authority="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino, 2022" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[809,980,413,434]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EE36FE14E09F57F0" box="[809,980,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DE343D307FFF98EEC5FE17E76557F1" box="[986,1070,414,435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01265554307FFF98EE36FE55E6785523" blockId="7.[809,1426,476,866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EE36FE55E0D157B3" box="[809,922,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Remarks:</emphasis>
The exact placement of
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98E9CFFE55E67D57B3" authorityName="Valenti &amp; Vlachos &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Fritz &amp; Georgalis &amp; Luján &amp; Miccichè &amp; Sineo &amp; Delfino" authorityYear="2022" box="[1232,1334,476,497]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Solitudo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98E9CFFE55E67D57B3" box="[1232,1334,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Solitudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EE36FE73E0F65452" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[809,957,506,528]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Testudininae">Testudininae</taxonomicName>
is unclear and should be examined when new material (skull, shell)is discovered.The femur alone, in its distinctiveness, does not allow firm assessment of the phylogenetic relationship with respect to any potentially related taxon (
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98E949FDFCE7AC54C8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1872" box="[1110,1255,629,650]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Centrochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98E949FDFCE7AC54C8" box="[1110,1255,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Centrochelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98E9EAFDFCE6C054C8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1873" box="[1269,1419,629,650]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Stigmochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98E9EAFDFCE6C054C8" box="[1269,1419,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Stigmochelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EE36FD1DE0C354EB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[809,904,660,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EE36FD1DE0C354EB" box="[809,904,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Testudo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EED4FD1DE72154EB" authorityName="Perez-Garcia &amp; Vlachos" authorityYear="2014" box="[971,1130,660,681]" class="Testudines" family="Testudinidae" genus="Titanochelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EED4FD1DE72154EB" box="[971,1130,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Titanochelon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It is noteworthy that the establishment of new fossil taxa on the basis of appendicular elements is not rare among testudinids, and has been used, besides most other insular taxa mentioned already, for the recently described species
<taxonomicName id="C6992ED7307FFF98EE36FCA4E6545500" authority="Turvey et al., 2017" authorityName="Turvey" authorityYear="2017" box="[809,1311,813,835]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Chelonoidis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marcanoi">
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98EE36FCA4E77A5501" box="[809,1073,813,835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">Chelonoidis marcanoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="650828A5307FFF98E925FCA7E6545500" author="Turvey ST &amp; Almonte J &amp; Hansford J &amp; Scofield RP &amp; Brocca JL &amp; Chapman SD" box="[1082,1311,813,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10894" refString="Turvey ST, Almonte J, Hansford J, Scofield RP, Brocca JL, Chapman SD. 2017. A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola. Zootaxa 4277: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2017">
Turvey
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98E986FCA7E79D5500" box="[1177,1238,813,835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Quaternary of Hispaniola (
<bibRefCitation id="650828A5307FFF98E949FCC5E66E5523" author="Turvey ST &amp; Almonte J &amp; Hansford J &amp; Scofield RP &amp; Brocca JL &amp; Chapman SD" box="[1110,1317,844,865]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10894" refString="Turvey ST, Almonte J, Hansford J, Scofield RP, Brocca JL, Chapman SD. 2017. A new species of extinct Late Quaternary giant tortoise from Hispaniola. Zootaxa 4277: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2017">
Turvey
<emphasis id="33ED8946307FFF98E9B3FCC5E7A85523" box="[1196,1251,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1711">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>