455 lines
51 KiB
XML
455 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FEDFC13A6968CAB8A06B4F302EA7C617">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2139CF16046819D8D3CF6F98AC3E531E">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EFD5CAE6851EC414C06DD7AC237E342">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BEB361BB7A313C71B267FC654732FD17">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BBAAE146D3A4D08A1E25D32DFBE46784">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670002" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127628021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
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<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B16044E1C97F9CAFCE4F8AD" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B16044E1C97F9CAFD0EF9E1" blockId="7.[151,718,1550,1576]" box="[151,718,1550,1576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
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<heading id="B21EB5314B16044E1C97F9CAFD0EF9E1" bold="true" box="[151,718,1550,1576]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1C97F9CAFD0EF9E1" authority="Aurivillius, 1925" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,718,1550,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1C97F9CAFD0EF9E1" bold="true" box="[151,718,1550,1576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1C97F9CAFE38F9E1" bold="true" box="[151,504,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Metisella orientalis orientalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1DFEF9CAFD0EF9E1" author="Aurivillius" box="[510,718,1550,1576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Aurivillius, C. (1925) 9. Familie: Hesperidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-schmetterlinge. In Ferbindung mit namhaftesten Fachmannern herausgegeben. Die Africanischen Tagfelter. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 505 - 588." type="book chapter" year="1925">Aurivillius, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B16044E1C97F98BFCE4F8AD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1615,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
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<materialsCitation id="598108004B16044E1C97F98BFCE0F8AD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520774" collectorName="De Jong" country="Kenya" county="western Kenya" location="Mt. Elgon'" municipality="Mt. Elgon" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1C97F98BFEA4F9A1" author="Aurivillius" box="[151,356,1615,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Aurivillius, C. (1925) 9. Familie: Hesperidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-schmetterlinge. In Ferbindung mit namhaftesten Fachmannern herausgegeben. Die Africanischen Tagfelter. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 505 - 588." type="book chapter" year="1925">Aurivillius (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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gave the name
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1E1CF98BFD47F9A1" box="[540,647,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1E1CF98BFD47F9A1" box="[540,647,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the 'race' of
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1F3EF994FBE3F9A1" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[830,1059,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1F3EF994FC60F9AE" box="[830,928,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">M. metis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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(a
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<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E184BF98BFB4CF9A1" box="[1099,1164,1615,1640]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">South</collectingRegion>
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African species) which occurs ‘in the whole of
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<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1DA6F9B0FE16F942" box="[422,470,1652,1675]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">East</collectingRegion>
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Africa as far as
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<location id="EC3654864B16044E1E95F9B0FCD1F945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B16044E1E95F9B0FCD1F945" box="[661,785,1651,1676]" country="Kenya" county="western Kenya" municipality="Mt. Elgon" name="Mt. Elgon'" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" stateProvince="South">Mt. Elgon’</location>
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(
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<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B16044E1F20F9B7FC44F945" box="[800,900,1651,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,591,1008]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Adult Metisella orientalis orientalis collected as penultimate instar caterpillar on Cenchrus trachyphyllus (unconfirmed plant identification), Thomson’s Falls, Nyahurura, Kenya, 29 Dec 1990; adult emerged and photographed 30 Jan 1990; MJWC 90 / 125 C. 1, upper side; 2, underside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265097/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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). It is treated as a valid species of
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E190FF9B7FAB7F945" box="[1295,1399,1651,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E190FF9B7FAB7F945" box="[1295,1399,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Metisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1C97F95CFEEFF979" author="Evans" box="[151,303,1688,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp. [30 plates.]" type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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, who gave its distribution from the
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<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1EBDF953FCD0F979" box="[701,784,1687,1712]" country="Zambia" name="Central" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Central</collectingRegion>
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Highlands of
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1FAFF95CFC38F979" box="[943,1016,1688,1712]" name="Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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through
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E185DF953FB74F979" box="[1117,1204,1687,1712]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E18D8F953FAD6F979" box="[1240,1302,1687,1712]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1921F95CFA59F979" box="[1313,1433,1688,1712]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1CCEF97FFEE5F91D" box="[206,293,1723,1748]" name="Nigeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1D6FF97FFE70F91D" box="[367,432,1723,1748]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">South</collectingRegion>
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through
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1E25F97FFD4AF91D" box="[549,650,1723,1748]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1EBDF97FFCD3F91D" box="[701,787,1723,1748]" name="Malawi" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1F59F97FFC14F91D" box="[857,980,1723,1748]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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, in nine different infraspecific forms. Subsequently
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1D38F924FE11F931" author="Evans" box="[312,465,1760,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Evans, W. H. (1938) New African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 1, 312 - 315." type="journal article" year="1938">Evans (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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described ssp.
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1E86F91BFD13F931" box="[646,723,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">elgona</emphasis>
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from
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<collectingMunicipality id="093298274B16044E1F1DF924FC52F931" box="[797,914,1759,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Mt. Elgon</collectingMunicipality>
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on the Kenya-Uganda border.
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E18FBF924FA5CF931" author="Larsen" box="[1275,1436,1760,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2009) Metisella orientalis Aurivillius, 1925 is a perfectly valid name that should not be replaced by M. abdeli (Kruger, 1928) (Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae). Metamorphosis, 20 (3), 100 - 102." type="journal article" year="2009">Larsen (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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clarified that Aurivillius’ treatment of the name
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||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1EE2F8C7FC8DF8D5" box="[738,845,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1EE2F8C7FC8DF8D5" box="[738,845,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be considered an available name, not an unavailable infrasubspecific name, under the current rules of zoological nomenclature.
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1876F8ECFAE7F889" box="[1142,1319,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="De Jong, R. (1976) Two new species of Hesperiidae from western Kenya (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 49, 299 - 306." type="journal article">
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||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B16044E1876F8ECFB14F889" box="[1142,1236,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">De Jong</collectorName>
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||
(1976)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
illustrates the male genitalia from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1DA2F88FFDDAF8AD" box="[418,538,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1DA2F88FFDDAF8AD" box="[418,538,1867,1892]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
Forest,
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||
<collectingCounty id="00377AD14B16044E1E75F888FCE0F8AD" box="[629,800,1868,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">western Kenya</collectingCounty>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B1604421CC7F8ABFE57FF1C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B1604411CC7F8ABFC13FF1D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1615,2036]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="495" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
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<materialsCitation id="598108004B16044E1CC7F8ABFC74F865" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520770" country="Kenya" location="western Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Central">
|
||
Three forms are recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1E2CF8B4FDB5F841" box="[556,629,1904,1928]" name="Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1E85F8B4FCD0F841" author="Evans" box="[645,784,1904,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp. [30 plates.]" type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1F24F8ABFC4FF841" box="[804,911,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1F24F8ABFC4FF841" box="[804,911,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1800F8ABFB92F841" box="[1024,1106,1903,1928]" country="Zambia" name="Central" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
Highlands;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E18DDF8ABFAD5F841" box="[1245,1301,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">theta</emphasis>
|
||
Evans (wet season form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E1D47F857FE72F865" box="[327,434,1939,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1D47F857FE72F865" box="[327,434,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B16044E1E03F857FD95F865" box="[515,597,1939,1964]" country="Zambia" name="Central" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
Highlands and
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B16044E1F09F850FC74F865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B16044E1F09F850FC74F865" box="[777,948,1940,1964]" country="Kenya" name="western Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" stateProvince="Central">western Kenya</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B16044E1FC1F857FE61F83D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520772" country="Tanzania" location="western Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1FF1F857FBF7F865" box="[1009,1079,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">lamda</emphasis>
|
||
Evans from Maungu, near Voi. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1CB6F873FEDDF819" box="[182,285,1975,2000]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1D2AF87CFE01F819" author="Evans" box="[298,449,1976,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp. [30 plates.]" type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognised form
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1E8AF87CFD77F806" box="[650,695,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">zeta</emphasis>
|
||
Evans from
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B16044E1F4AF87CFBD1F819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B16044E1F4AF87CFBD1F819" box="[842,1041,1975,2000]" country="Tanzania" name="western Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">western Tanzania</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E181DF873FBA2F819" box="[1053,1122,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">kappa</emphasis>
|
||
Evans from the Usambaras (south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B16044E1D00F81FFE59F83D" box="[256,409,2011,2036]" name="Mozambique" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; and form
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E1E19F81FFD9FF83D" box="[537,607,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">lamda</emphasis>
|
||
from northern Tanzania.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B16044E1F7BF81FFBEDF83D" author="Kielland" box="[891,1069,2011,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B16044E18AAF819FAFBF83D" box="[1194,1339,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B16044E18AAF819FAFBF83D" box="[1194,1339,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">M. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found on ‘practically every mountain with evergreen forest’ in Tanzania and suggests every mountain range has its own form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411CF3FF79FE43FF1C" box="[243,387,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411CF3FF79FE43FF1C" box="[243,387,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">M. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is probably at least partially true in Kenya too.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1904411CC7FF24FDC7FDD1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B1904411CC7FF24FEB2FE3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520789" collectionCode="MJWC" collectorName="It & R. de Jong. For & Kenyan & Tanzanian & Adults & However" elevation="1650" location="Evans" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B1904411CC7FF24FECBFF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B1904411CC7FF24FECBFF3E" box="[199,267,224,247]" name="Evans" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="A">Evans</location>
|
||
distinguishes the wet season form
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411E95FF1BFD0EFF31" box="[661,718,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">theta</emphasis>
|
||
as having the male hind wing underside brightly spotted, as are all females.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B1904411D21FEC0FEF5FED5" box="[289,309,260,284]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
population which
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B1904411E0AFEC0FD9BFED5" box="[522,603,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">MJWC</collectionCode>
|
||
found in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B1904411EF4FEC0FCF5FED4" box="[756,821,260,285]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Nyambani Hills at
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B1904411815FEC0FBA4FED4" box="[1045,1124,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" unit="m" value="1650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="62C4E56E4B1904411815FEC0FBA4FED4" box="[1045,1124,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" unit="m" value="1650.0">1650m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
seems distinct from others, having the hind wing upper side marginal spots heavily marked in dark orange.
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411828FEECFBF9FEF6" box="[1064,1081,296,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">It</collectorName>
|
||
is possible that several species are involved here, and a revision of the whole genus may be undertaken by
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411FF4FE89FB63FEAD" box="[1012,1187,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">R. de Jong. For</collectorName>
|
||
the present, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411C97FEB5FE5DFE41" box="[151,413,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411C97FEB5FE5DFE41" box="[151,413,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">M. orientalis orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems adequate for all
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411EAEFEB4FCC5FE41" box="[686,773,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Kenyan</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411F3FFEABFC72FE41" box="[831,946,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Tanzanian</collectorName>
|
||
material pending the assembly and critical analysis of good series of material from key localities, supported by evidence from biology, behaviour and molecular studies.
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411D6CFE73FE77FE19" box="[364,439,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Adults</collectorName>
|
||
and early stages are normally uncommon, only the odd specimen or two being found at one time.
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411D0AFE19FEB2FE3D" box="[266,370,477,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">However</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B1904411D80FE18FDC7FDD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520777" collectionCode="TCEC" collectorName="Mufindi & January & March" country="Tanzania" location="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B1904411D80FE18FE07FE3D" box="[384,455,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">TCEC</collectionCode>
|
||
found that it can be common at
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B1904411F42FE18FC61FE3C" box="[834,929,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Mufindi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B1904411FAEFE18FBD6FE3C" box="[942,1046,476,501]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, especially late
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B19044118CDFE19FAE4FE3C" box="[1229,1316,477,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">January</collectorName>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectorName id="441C678B4B190441194CFE18FA58FE3C" box="[1356,1432,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">March</collectorName>
|
||
, along streams through the forest.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B1904411C97FBCCFD5CFB95" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265097/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" targetBox="[151,1436,591,1008]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1904411C97FBCCFD5CFB95" blockId="8.[151,1436,1032,1116]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411C97FBCCFED3FBD7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1032,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411D6DFBCCFD68FBD7" box="[365,680,1032,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411D6DFBCCFD68FBD7" box="[365,680,1032,1054]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Metisella orientalis orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected as penultimate instar caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B19044118A4FBCCFA5CFBD7" box="[1188,1436,1032,1054]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B19044118A4FBCCFA5CFBD7" box="[1188,1436,1032,1054]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unconfirmed plant identification), Thomson’s Falls, Nyahurura, Kenya, 29 Dec 1990; adult emerged and photographed 30 Jan 1990; MJWC 90/125C.
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411D8AFB82FE57FB92" bold="true" box="[394,407,1094,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">1</emphasis>
|
||
, upper side;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411E19FB82FDE6FB92" bold="true" box="[537,550,1094,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">2</emphasis>
|
||
, underside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1904411CC7FB4CFBDBFAB1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1160,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B1904411CC7FB4CFAE6FA9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520785" collectionCode="MJWC" country="Kenya" county="Forest" location="Thomson's Falls" municipality="Nairobi" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kakamega">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411CC7FB4CFE9DFB68" bold="true" box="[199,349,1160,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Food plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B1904411D66FB4DFE77FB68" box="[358,439,1161,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">MJWC</collectionCode>
|
||
reared this species three times in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B1904411F43FB4DFC51FB68" box="[835,913,1161,1185]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
: a specimen from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411866FB4CFB1EFB68" box="[1126,1246,1160,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B1904411866FB4CFB1EFB68" box="[1126,1246,1160,1185]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="00377AD14B19044118E8FB4DFAEEFB69" box="[1256,1326,1161,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Forest</collectingCounty>
|
||
(88/17B) was collected
|
||
<collectedFrom id="5AF541A04B1904411D36FB69FDA3FB0C" box="[310,611,1196,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411D58FB68FDA3FB0C" box="[344,611,1196,1221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411D58FB68FDA3FB0C" box="[344,611,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411E8AFB69FC76FB0C" box="[650,950,1196,1221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411E8AFB69FC76FB0C" box="[650,950,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Pennisetum trachyphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and in captivity accepted another
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="093298274B1904411947FB68FA5CFB0C" box="[1351,1436,1196,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Nairobi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
grass; another specimen was collected
|
||
<collectedFrom id="5AF541A04B1904411E53FB15FCB9FB20" box="[595,889,1232,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411E78FB15FCB9FB20" box="[632,889,1232,1257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichocladum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411E78FB15FCB9FB20" box="[632,889,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Panicum trichocladum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B1904411F9FFB14FC15FB20" box="[927,981,1232,1257]" country="Kenya" name="Kisii" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Kisii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(91/9) and in captivity fed
|
||
<collectedFrom id="5AF541A04B1904411914FB15FEC4FAC5" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411938FB15FEC4FAC5" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411938FB15FEC4FAC5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Panicum maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
; and three specimens from the bottom of
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B1904411ED7FB30FC4EFAC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B1904411ED7FB30FC4EFAC4" box="[727,910,1268,1293]" country="Kenya" county="Forest" municipality="Nairobi" name="Thomson's Falls" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Kakamega">Thomson's Falls</location>
|
||
(90/125) were on a non-flowering grass which resembled (and could well have been)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411E46FADCFC91FAF8" box="[582,849,1304,1329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411E46FADCFC91FAF8" box="[582,849,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B1904411F5FFADCFC2CFAF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B1904411F5FFADCFC2CFAF8" box="[863,1004,1304,1329]" country="Kenya" county="Forest" municipality="Nairobi" name="Accordingly" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Kakamega">Accordingly</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1904411FF7FADDFB54FAF8" author="Larsen" box="[1015,1172,1305,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B1904411FF7FADDFB83FAF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B1904411FF7FADDFB83FAF9" box="[1015,1091,1305,1328]" country="Kenya" county="Forest" municipality="Nairobi" name="Larsen" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Kakamega">Larsen</location>
|
||
(1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave the food plants as ‘various grasses’ and included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411DF0FAF9FDB3FA9D" box="[496,627,1341,1364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411DF0FAF9FDB3FA9D" box="[496,627,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Pennisetum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on MJWC’s record from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411FDEFAF9FB56FA9C" box="[990,1174,1340,1365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411FDEFAF9FB56FA9C" box="[990,1174,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">C. trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="EC3654864B19044118A4FAF9FAE6FA9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B1604421C97F9CAFE57FF1C:EC3654864B19044118A4FAF9FAE6FA9C" box="[1188,1318,1340,1365]" country="Kenya" county="Forest" municipality="Nairobi" name="At Mufindi" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Kakamega">At Mufindi</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B1904411930FAF8FBDBFAB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520780" collectionCode="TCEC" country="Tanzania" location="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B1904411930FAF8FA57FA9C" box="[1328,1431,1340,1365]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B1904411C97FAA5FF1FFAB0" box="[151,223,1377,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">TCEC</collectionCode>
|
||
found this species
|
||
<collectedFrom id="5AF541A04B1904411DB5FAA5FD56FAB0" box="[437,662,1377,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411DD8FAA5FD56FAB0" box="[472,662,1377,1401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411DD8FAA5FD56FAB0" box="[472,662,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Festuca africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, but not on an adjacent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411FA3FAA5FC34FAB1" box="[931,1012,1377,1400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411FA3FAA5FC34FAB1" box="[931,1012,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Setaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1904411CC7FA40FB13FA54" blockId="8.[151,1437,1160,2013]" box="[199,1235,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411CC7FA40FEA7FA54" bold="true" box="[199,359,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Leaf shelters.</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillars made shelters from rolled grass leaves, but no details were noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1904411CC7FA6CFA56F9BC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1160,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411CC7FA6CFE91FA08" bold="true" box="[199,337,1448,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Caterpillar.</emphasis>
|
||
The penultimate instar caterpillar shown in Figure 8.1–2 has the head 1.4 x
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B19044118BEFA6CFACCFA08" box="[1214,1292,1448,1473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high (n=2); dark black-brown, the frons brown or translucent, the clypeus brown; shiny, weakly rugose on epicrania; shiny smooth adfrontals and frons, with shallow transverse grooves on adfrontals and to a limited extent on the ventrolateral frons; adfrontal suture not easily distinguishable, frontal suture defined by a row of small pits; covered with inconspicuous dark setae; pronotum a narrow black transverse band; anal plate black, shiny; body blue green, a diffuse white subdorsal line bordering the dorsal line; a more sharply defined white dorsolateral line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1904411CC7F944FC34F814" blockId="8.[151,1437,1160,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">
|
||
The final instar (Figure 8.3–4) measured
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B1904411E90F944FD18F950" box="[656,728,1664,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="15.0">15mm</quantity>
|
||
when newly moulted and grows to at least
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B19044118B8F945FAC3F950" box="[1208,1283,1665,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="23.0">23mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head similar in shape and appearance to some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411E0CF960FD92F974" box="[524,594,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1904411E0CF960FD92F974" box="[524,594,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="495">Borbo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1904411E95F960FD2FF974" box="[661,751,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 1.8 x
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B1904411F41F961FC4FF974" box="[833,911,1701,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high (n=4); rounded, relatively narrow, widest at stemmata, flattened at vertex; rugose; translucent dull matt green; broad black stripe from back of vertex anterolaterally to stemmata, narrower ventrally; posterior margin narrowly dark laterally and sometimes dorsally; one individual (91/9) had a small dark area on the epicrania adjacent to the top of the adfrontals; scattered short, fine, erect, pale setae. T1 translucent, unmarked, concolorous with body. Body translucent dull yellow-green; dorsal line darker, defined by a diffuse, pale, subdorsal line; stronger, white, dorsolateral line; anal plate rounded, shiny, green (not black as in previous instar); T2 with white anterior margin, joining the dorsolateral lines at each side; body with scattered, short, fine setae; legs concolorous; spiracles inconspicuous, white connected by a visible subcutaneous tracheal line; no wax glands. The fifth instar takes 13–16 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B1804401C97FB54FEA8FA89" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[151,1436,167,1144]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1804401C97FB54FEA8FA89" blockId="9.[151,1436,1168,1344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401C97FB54FECEFB6C" bold="true" box="[151,270,1168,1190]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
. Caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1804401DB5FB54FD24FB6F" box="[437,740,1168,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401DB5FB54FD24FB6F" box="[437,740,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">Metisella orientalis orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya [MJWC].
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401FA2FB54FC6FFB6C" bold="true" box="[930,943,1168,1189]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">1</emphasis>
|
||
, penultimate instar, dorsolateral view with head in anterior view; collected as penultimate instar caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1804401F34FB74FBE9FB0F" box="[820,1065,1200,1222]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401F34FB74FBE9FB0F" box="[820,1065,1200,1222]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unconfirmed plant identification), Thomson’s Falls, Nyahurura, Kenya, 29 Dec 1990; photographed 29 Dec; moulted 6 Jan 1991; 15mm; MJWC 90/125C;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B180440196DFB0BFAB9FB2D" bold="true" box="[1389,1401,1231,1252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">2</emphasis>
|
||
, as #1, detail of head and thorax;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401DD1FB29FE1EFACB" bold="true" box="[465,478,1261,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">3</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar collected as #1; photographed 31 Dec 1990, pupated 8 Jan; MJWC 90/125B;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401989FB29FA55FACB" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1261,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">4</emphasis>
|
||
, collected as penultimate instar premoult on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1804401E56FAC9FCFEFAEB" box="[598,830,1292,1314]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichocladum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401E56FAC9FCFEFAEB" box="[598,830,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">Panicum trichocladum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kisii; moulted and photographed 10 Feb; pupated 23 Feb; 15mm; MJWC 91/9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1804401CC7FAA9FEE1F9F3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1389,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">
|
||
The caterpillars from Mufindi which TCEC reared are similar but not identical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B1804401841FAA9FB62FA4F" box="[1089,1186,1389,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,924]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,924]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Final instar caterpillar of Metisella orientalis orientalis, collected on Festuca africana, Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania [TCEC]. 1, dorsal view, 20 Mar 2004; 2, dorsal view, 20 Mar 2004; 3, prepupa, dorsal view, 23 Mar 2004; 4, detail of head of prepupa, anterior view, 23 Mar 2004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265099/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). It can be seen that in the mature final instar caterpillar (Figure 9.2), the broad, black stripe on each epicranium is slightly narrower than Kenyan material, the subdorsal line on the body is double, the inner one being brighter and whiter; the posterior margin of the head is narrowly black (Figure 9.3) and there is a dark lateral spot on T1 which may be the spiracle (Figure 9.4). More material is needed to assess individual variation before assessing differences between populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1804401CC7F981FE7CF823" blockId="9.[151,1437,1389,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1804401CC7F981FECCF997" bold="true" box="[199,268,1605,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
A pupa (Figure 10.2) was found in situ at Thomson's Falls, Nyahururu, Kenya (MJWC 90/125A) in the rolled distal part of a leaf which drooped where there was feeding basal to this; the pupa was formed head up in the shelter, with a flimsy girdle at the posterior part of the thorax, and the cremaster attached to a silk cross bar; no white waxy powder. The pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B1804401DF4F975FDA3F900" box="[500,611,1713,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1084,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1084,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pupae of Metisella orientalis orientalis, Kenya [MJWC]. 1, collected as final instar caterpillar on Cenchrus trachyphyllus, Kakamega Forest, 26 Feb 1988; pupated 7 Mar; photographed 8 Mar 1988; adult 18 Mar; 21 mm; 88 / 17 B; 2, collected as pupa on Cenchrus trachyphyllus (unconfirmed plant identification), Thomson’s Falls, Nyahurura, Kenya, 29 Dec 1990; photographed 29 Dec; adult 10 Jan 1991; 21 mm; 90 / 125 A." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265100/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="496">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B1804401E8AF975FD12F900" box="[650,722,1713,1737]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" unit="mm" value="21.0">21mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and similar to others of the genus; elongate with smoothly contoured
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B1804401D12F912FE8CF927" box="[274,332,1750,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
|
||
frontal spike, which may be slightly upturned at apex,
|
||
<quantity id="2E11AFB84B1804401FDAF912FBE9F927" box="[986,1065,1750,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="496" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the base; posterior end rounded; light, dull green or yellowish green; dorsal line dark, extending onto frontal spike; thin, diffuse white subdorsal line bordering dorsal line from thorax to a little short of end of abdomen; wider, stronger, white dorsolateral line from thorax to end of abdomen; traces of a broken, dark dorsolateral line on head, continuing laterally on thorax and along dorsum of wings, with a noticeable small spot on anterior margin A1 adjacent to the hind wing; A3–A7 traces of a double pale lateral line; spiracles all inconspicuous. The developing adult colour and wing markings are visible as the pupa matures. Pupal development takes 11-13 days, and adult emergence when noted was in the morning.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B1B04431C97FC70FD15FBC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265099/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" targetBox="[151,1436,195,924]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1B04431C97FC70FD15FBC1" blockId="10.[151,1436,948,1032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431C97FC70FED1FC00" bold="true" box="[151,273,948,970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
. Final instar caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1B04431E36FC70FCACFC03" box="[566,876,948,970]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431E36FC70FCACFC03" box="[566,876,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">Metisella orientalis orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1B04431808FC71FEC6FC20" authority="Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains" authorityName="Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431808FC71FB79FC03" box="[1032,1209,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">Festuca africana</emphasis>
|
||
, Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Tanzania [TCEC].
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431DCEFC17FE1AFC21" bold="true" box="[462,474,979,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view, 20 Mar 2004;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431EF5FC17FCC1FC21" bold="true" box="[757,769,979,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">2</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view, 20 Mar 2004;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B0443181CFC17FBE9FC21" bold="true" box="[1052,1065,979,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">3</emphasis>
|
||
, prepupa, dorsal view, 23 Mar 2004;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431C97FC36FF64FBCE" bold="true" box="[151,164,1010,1031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">4</emphasis>
|
||
, detail of head of prepupa, anterior view, 23 Mar 2004.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B1B04431C97F8BAFCEDF838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265100/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" targetBox="[151,1436,1084,1894]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1B04431C97F8BAFCEDF838" blockId="10.[151,1436,1918,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431C97F8BAFEDCF85D" bold="true" box="[151,284,1918,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1B04431D93F8BAFD06F85D" box="[403,710,1918,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431D93F8BAFD06F85D" box="[403,710,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">Metisella orientalis orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kenya [MJWC].
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431F8CF8BBFC59F85D" bold="true" box="[908,921,1919,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">1</emphasis>
|
||
, collected as final instar caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1B0443193BF8BAFEE1F87A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B0443193BF8BAFEE1F87A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1B04431D2FF859FE5BF87A" box="[303,411,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega">Kakamega</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest, 26 Feb 1988; pupated 7 Mar; photographed 8 Mar 1988; adult 18 Mar; 21mm; 88/17B;
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431989F859FA55F87B" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1949,1970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">2</emphasis>
|
||
, collected as pupa on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1B04431D6FF878FDA2F81B" box="[367,610,1980,2002]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1B04431D6FF878FDA2F81B" box="[367,610,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="497">Cenchrus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unconfirmed plant identification), Thomson’s Falls, Nyahurura, Kenya, 29 Dec 1990; photographed 29 Dec; adult 10 Jan 1991; 21mm; 90/125A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1A04421CC7FF53FE57FF1C" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="498">
|
||
The pupa from Tanzania (
|
||
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B1A04421DF1FF53FDA0FF79" box="[497,608,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="11.[151,250,664,686]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,639]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,267,639]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pupa of Metisella orientalis orientalis, collected on Festuca africana, 26 Mar 2004, Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, dorsal view [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265101/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="498">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) was a slightly brighter green, and the dark markings more contrasting; otherwise very similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |