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<mods:title id="96024626F1753798F800710CB646CF38">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAAB62F4E2B8ED707D82D6DD1D875CBE">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127628025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B03045B1C97FF53FD72FF7B" blockId="18.[151,690,151,178]" box="[151,690,151,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
<heading id="B21EB5314B03045B1C97FF53FD72FF7B" bold="true" box="[151,690,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B03045B1C97FF53FD72FF7B" ID-CoL="42G47" authority="Neave, 1904" authorityName="Neave" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,690,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="trisignatus" subSpecies="trisignatus">
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B1C97FF53FD72FF7B" bold="true" box="[151,690,151,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B1C97FF53FDD6FF78" bold="true" box="[151,534,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Metisella trisignatus trisignatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B03045B1E1DFF5CFD72FF7B" author="Neave" box="[541,690,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" refString="Neave, S. A. (1904) On a large collection of Rhopalocera from the shores of the Victoria Nyanza. Novitates Zoologicae, 11, 323 - 363. [Plate 1.]" type="journal article" year="1904">Neave, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E956025D4B03045B1C97FF1AFEF1FE62" blockId="18.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
<materialsCitation id="598108004B03045B1C97FF1AFBD7FEAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520793" collectionCode="TCEC" collectorName="T. B. Larsen" country="Uganda" county="The" location="Neave" municipality="Entebbe" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
<collectingCounty id="00377AD14B03045B1C97FF1AFF03FF3E" box="[151,195,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">The</collectingCounty>
species was described from
<collectingMunicipality id="093298274B03045B1E09FF1AFDA8FF3E" box="[521,616,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Entebbe</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B03045B1E74FF1AFD0BFF3E" box="[628,715,222,247]" name="Uganda" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B03045B1EDAFF1BFCA8FF3E" author="Neave" box="[730,872,223,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" refString="Neave, S. A. (1904) On a large collection of Rhopalocera from the shores of the Victoria Nyanza. Novitates Zoologicae, 11, 323 - 363. [Plate 1.]" type="journal article" year="1904">
<location id="EC3654864B03045B1EDAFF1BFCE3FF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA:EC3654864B03045B1EDAFF1BFCE3FF3E" box="[730,803,223,247]" country="Uganda" county="The" municipality="Entebbe" name="Neave" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" stateProvince="South">Neave</location>
1904
</bibRefCitation>
), but this is may be an error (
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B03045B18B6FF1AFA50FF3E" author="Ackery" box="[1206,1424,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
<location id="EC3654864B03045B18B6FF1AFACAFF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA:EC3654864B03045B18B6FF1AFACAFF3E" box="[1206,1290,222,247]" country="Uganda" county="The" municipality="Entebbe" name="Ackery" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" stateProvince="South">Ackery</location>
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B1912FF1BFA84FF3E" box="[1298,1348,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="EC3654864B03045B1C97FEC6FED3FED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA:EC3654864B03045B1C97FEC6FED3FED2" box="[151,275,258,283]" country="Uganda" county="The" municipality="Entebbe" name="Subspecies" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" stateProvince="South">Subspecies</location>
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B03045B1D1BFEC0FE53FED2" box="[283,403,260,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trisignatus">
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B1D1BFEC0FE53FED2" box="[283,403,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">trisignatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was thought to be restricted to the
<location id="EC3654864B03045B1F24FEC7FC35FED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA:EC3654864B03045B1F24FEC7FC35FED2" box="[804,1013,258,283]" country="Uganda" county="The" municipality="Entebbe" name="western Highlands" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" stateProvince="South">western Highlands</location>
of
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B03045B181DFEC7FBA6FED2" box="[1053,1126,259,283]" name="Kenya" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<location id="EC3654864B03045B189EFEC6FAADFED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA:EC3654864B03045B189EFEC6FAADFED2" box="[1182,1389,258,283]" country="Uganda" county="The" municipality="Entebbe" name="northern Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" stateProvince="South">northern Tanzania</location>
, but
<collectorName id="441C678B4B03045B1C97FEE3FED9FEF7" box="[151,281,295,318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">T.B. Larsen</collectorName>
(unpublished) knew of records from highland forests of eastern and north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B03045B18AFFEE2FAC6FEF6" box="[1199,1286,294,319]" name="Uganda" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and southern
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B03045B1C97FE8EFF18FEAA" box="[151,216,330,355]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">South</collectingRegion>
Sudan, and
<collectionCode id="8FF89A984B03045B1D62FE8FFE6AFEAA" box="[354,426,331,355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">TCEC</collectionCode>
has found it as far south as the Udzungwas in
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B03045B1FAFFE8EFBD7FEAA" box="[943,1047,330,355]" name="Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="598108004B03045B1822FE8EFEF1FE62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520784" collectorName="T. B. Larsen" country="Zambia" location="western Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1">
Subspecies
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B18A5FE88FB25FEAA" box="[1189,1253,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">tanga</emphasis>
Evans occurs in the highlands of central and
<location id="EC3654864B03045B1E05FEABFD11FE4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B03045B1C97FF53FC91FCDA:EC3654864B03045B1E05FEABFD11FE4E" box="[517,721,366,391]" country="Zambia" name="western Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">western Tanzania</location>
and north-east
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B03045B1F9BFEAAFC30FE4E" box="[923,1008,366,391]" name="Zambia" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B03045B1809FEAAFB3BFE4E" author="Ackery" box="[1033,1275,366,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Ackery
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B186DFEABFB67FE4E" box="[1133,1191,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectorName id="441C678B4B03045B190FFEABFA5CFE4F" box="[1295,1436,367,390]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">T.B. Larsen</collectorName>
unpublished).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B03045B1CC7FE72FC91FCDA" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" type="description">
<paragraph id="E956025D4B03045B1CC7FE72FEBEFDF2" blockId="18.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
This species always has three strong orange spots on the fore wing upper side. Occasional specimens of
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B03045B197DFE73FEFFFE3A" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisignatus">
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B197DFE73FEFFFE3A" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">M. quadrisignatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have reduced spotting, but it is the spot in space 5 which is lost first, so the markings never coincide with those of
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B03045B1D2EFE3BFE0BFDDF" box="[302,459,511,534]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trisignatus">
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B1D2EFE3BFE0BFDDF" box="[302,459,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">M. trisignatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. MJWC has not found the range of these two species to overlap, but this is not based on extensive collecting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E956025D4B03045B1CC7FD82FEA4FD03" blockId="18.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
<materialsCitation id="598108004B03045B1CC7FD82FE14FD4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520779" country="Kenya" location="Kisii" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kisii">
Restricted to suitable parts of western
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B03045B1E7BFD83FD07FD96" box="[635,711,583,607]" name="Kenya" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, in MJWCs experience this is mostly a forest species, although its capture at the
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B03045B1D56FDAEFE4CFD4A" box="[342,396,618,643]" country="Kenya" name="Kisii" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Kisii</collectingRegion>
Hotel
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="598108004B03045B1DDFFDAEFEA0FD03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520781" country="Kenya" location="Kisii" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kisii">
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B03045B1DDFFDAEFDD5FD4A" box="[479,533,618,643]" country="Kenya" name="Kisii" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Kisii</collectingRegion>
(see also
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B03045B1E85FDA8FD3CFD4A" box="[645,764,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willemi">
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B03045B1E85FDA8FD3CFD4A" box="[645,764,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">M. willemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), suggests it is more adaptable than that. Adult behaviour is similar to that of other orange spotted species of the genus (
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B03045B1F3FFD4AFC72FD6E" box="[831,946,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1357,1380]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,842,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,842,1333]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults of Metisella trisignatus, Kakamega Forest. 1, 5 Apr 1990; 2, 6 Apr 1990." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265112/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Figure 22</figureCitation>
). It is an occasional feeder at damp mud in
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B03045B1C97FD76FECFFD02" box="[151,271,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega">
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B03045B1C97FD76FECFFD02" box="[151,271,690,715]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
Forest
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E956025D4B03045B1CC7FD13FC91FCDA" blockId="18.[151,1436,222,787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B03045B1CC7FD13FEA4FD26" author="Larsen" box="[199,356,727,751]" pageId="18" pageNumber="505" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
states that the food plants are various grasses, but this is an assumption. A possible caterpillar is described in the introduction to this section above (
<figureCitation id="71D21ED84B03045B1ED3FD3EFC84FCDA" box="[723,836,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1648,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,770,1624]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 21. Caterpillar of a Metisella sp. collected on unidentified grass, Kakamega Forest, 14 Nov 1989. 1, 9 mm, 15 Nov 1989; 2, after three moults, 13 mm, 1 Jan 1990; 3, after four moults, 15 mm, 16 Jan 1990; 4, after six moults, 22 Feb 1990; 5, after seven moults, 14 mm, 12 Mar 1990; moulted once more and died 1 Apr 1990." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265111/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="505">Figure 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>