154 lines
18 KiB
XML
154 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="AA1A7B040826FA80806F8CDC027CF13A" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140" ID-CLB-Dataset="32975" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.583183" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583183" ID-ZooBank="2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495696370209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jong, Rienk De" docDate="2017" docId="03AA87D3284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FA3EB445" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4270 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pamphilites abdita" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FF93FFAB2840FFD7F767FF87FFA3B03E" masterDocTitle="Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698439901205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="279BE205A87907E6C4814B2BE88236B5">Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8ABAA6E93E4689FB036C36F043F33CA">Jong, Rienk De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="50D3C445CF12AC034F4E58FD48248413">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0FF635FDEF31F54843E0BA188F716234">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AA87D3284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FA3EB445" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046905" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6046905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D3284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FA3EB445" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D3284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FA3EB445" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C319654E284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FE1AB1F1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FD2BB1B4" blockId="14.[151,648,368,394]" box="[151,648,368,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0F481A9284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FD2BB1B4" bold="true" box="[151,648,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FD2BB1B4" bold="true" box="[151,648,368,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FF41B1B4" box="[151,226,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pamphilites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdita">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FF41B1B4" bold="true" box="[151,226,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">abdita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F797FEF7FD2BB1B4" authority="Scudder, 1875" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1875" box="[240,648,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pamphilites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdita">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F797FEF7FE72B1B4" bold="true" box="[240,465,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pamphilites abdita</emphasis>
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Scudder, 1875
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7F0FE31FE1AB1F1" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" box="[151,441,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F7F0FE31FE82B1F1" box="[151,289,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F64CFE31FE16B1F1" box="[299,437,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C319654E284EFFD9F7A0FE5CFA3EB445" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7A0FE5CFA8CB1CD" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" box="[199,1327,474,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">France, Bouches-du-Rhône, Aix-en-Provence; Chattian–Aquitanian, Late Oligocene–early Miocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7A0FE79FC48B229" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" box="[199,1003,510,535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Depositories: MVMF (holotype lost); MNHN (neotype: IPM B-24308).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7A0FDA5FE32B261" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
Published figures: Scudder (1875: Pl. III, Figs. 14, 17, 18);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34284EFFD9F40BFDA4FB64B205" author="Leestmans" box="[876,1223,546,571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Leestmans, R. (1983) Les Lepidopteres fossiles trouves en France (Insecta Lepidoptera). Linneana belgica, 9, 64 - 89." type="journal article" year="1983">
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Leestmans (1983:
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<figureCitation id="13382A40284EFFD9F35AFDA5FB1DB205" box="[1085,1214,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 13" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[211,1372,202,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[174,1418,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 13. Ƒanessa pluto Heer, 1849. Figures copied from (1875), Plate II, figures 1, 17 and 7, respectively. (A), copied by Scudder from original description by Heer; (B) and (C), figures sent to Scudder by Mr. Brunner de Wattenwyl, made after the same object. Note differences in wing shape and other details. Figs 14 – 16. Thaites ruminiana Scudder, 1875. Figures copied from Scudder (1875), Plate III, figures 9, 1 and 3, respectively. (A), underside of fossil; (B), reconstruction of venation; (C), reconstruction of markings. In (A) two separate subcostal veins have been drawn in the forewing, an impossible configuration in Lepidoptera, and apparently a mistake, corrected in (B) and (C). Fig. 17. Cyllo sepulta Boisduval, 1841, wing venation after Scudder (1875). Fig. 18. Butterfly fossil recorded by Wangrin (1939), but shown to be a fraud by Ansorge (2015). Photo kindly provided by J. Ansorge, Horst, Germany (see text for explanation)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34284EFFD9F3B3FDA5FE2FB261" author="Nel" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Nel, A. & Nel, J. (1986) A propos de deux Lepidopteres fossiles du Stampien d'Aix- en-Provence (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae et Nymphalidae Satyrinae), Bulletin du Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, 8, 343 - 350." type="journal article" year="1986">
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Nel & Nel (1986:
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<figureCitation id="13382A40284EFFD9F7F0FDC1FF77B261" box="[151,212,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1073]" captionTargetBox="[167,1414,420,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[157,1429,411,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of fossil butterflies plotted ion a modern map. See Table 1 for further, complementary information." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a-b, Pl. I
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<figureCitation id="13382A40284EFFD9F627FDC1FE23B261" box="[320,384,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1051,1073]" captionTargetBox="[167,1414,420,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[157,1429,411,1026]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of fossil butterflies plotted ion a modern map. See Table 1 for further, complementary information." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7A0FDECFC66B2D1" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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One forewing only. All veins originate from the cell, showing attribution of the fossil to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F383FDEDFACEB2BD" box="[1252,1389,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
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; the character recurs in a few subordinate taxa in other superfamilies, but associated with different wing shape. Origin of M2 closer to M3 than to M1, within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F5E8FD35FCB6B2F5" box="[655,789,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
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a unique but non-universal character of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F271FD35FA3FB2F5" box="[1302,1436,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34284EFFD9F7F9FD51FED6B2D1" author="Ackery" box="[158,373,726,751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Ackery, P. R., de Jong, R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1999) The butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology. 4 (35). Lepidoptera. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 263 - 300." type="book chapter" year="1999">
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||
Ackery
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F79DFD50FE89B2D1" box="[250,298,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1999
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Wing shape and spotting agree with this subfamily.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7A0FD7DFD46B3D4" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Scudder thought it probable that the fossil wing belonged to a female, apparently only because he found a resemblance with
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F604FC99FD73B309" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[355,720,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pansydia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesogramma">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F604FC99FDC9B308" box="[355,618,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pansydia mesogramma</emphasis>
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Latreille
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</taxonomicName>
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(now in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F451FC99FC11B309" box="[822,946,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Atalopedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F451FC99FC11B309" box="[822,946,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Atalopedes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), a species of the Greater Antilles in which the male has a stigma. The fossil wing lacks any trace of a stigma, but so do the males of many
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F268FCC5FA3AB365" box="[1295,1433,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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. Scudder also found a resemblance with
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F51EFCE0FC1CB341" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[633,959,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasii">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F51EFCE0FC96B341" box="[633,821,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Carystus lucasii</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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, now
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F36AFCE0FA93B341" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1037,1328,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Turesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucas">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD7284EFFD9F36AFCE0FB06B341" box="[1037,1189,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Turesis lucas</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a
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<collectingRegion id="49C7F827284EFFD9F23CFCE1FA3FB341" box="[1371,1436,870,895]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South</collectingRegion>
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American species. Therefore, he decided a
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<collectingRegion id="49C7F827284EFFD9F510FC0DFD1BB39D" box="[631,696,906,931]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South</collectingRegion>
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American relationship for this European fossil. Scudder remarked that R4 terminated on the termen close to the apex. I have not seen this condition in any
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F3F7FC29FABAB3F9" box="[1168,1305,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
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, R4 always terminating on the costa just or well before the apex.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5284EFFD9F7A0FC71FA3EB445" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,1147]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3C98284EFFD9F7A0FC71FA3EB445" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739236" county="They" location="New World" municipality="Old World" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="South" typeStatus="neotype">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54B88867284EFFD9F79CFC70FE88B431" box="[251,299,1015,1039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
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of the fossil species seems to be lost, and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34284EFFD9F470FC71FC40B431" author="Nel" box="[791,995,1014,1039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Nel, A. & Nel, J. (1986) A propos de deux Lepidopteres fossiles du Stampien d'Aix- en-Provence (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae et Nymphalidae Satyrinae), Bulletin du Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, 8, 343 - 350." type="journal article" year="1986">Nel & Nel (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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||
designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B88867284EFFD9F3E6FC70FB79B431" box="[1153,1242,1015,1039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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||
that seems to be conspecific with it.
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||
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E49284EFFD9F6EAFB9DFE64B40D" box="[397,455,1050,1075]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">They</collectingCounty>
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||
correctly remarked that the venation and markings agree with numerous extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F7F0FBB9FEBEB469" box="[151,285,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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||
species in the
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8ACBF284EFFD9F6A5FBB9FD9BB469" box="[450,568,1086,1111]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Old World</collectingMunicipality>
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||
and
|
||
<location id="8EDC601E284EFFD9F508FBB8FD50B469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D3284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FA3EB445:8EDC601E284EFFD9F508FBB8FD50B469" box="[623,755,1086,1111]" county="They" municipality="Old World" name="New World" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="South">New World</location>
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||
, so that a
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||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F827284EFFD9F403FBB9FC06B469" box="[868,933,1086,1111]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South</collectingRegion>
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American affinity of the fossil species is not obvious.
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||
<location id="8EDC601E284EFFD9F79AFBE5FEB3B445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D3284EFFD9F7F0FEF7FA3EB445:8EDC601E284EFFD9F79AFBE5FEB3B445" box="[253,272,1122,1147]" county="They" municipality="Old World" name="If" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="South">If</location>
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used for calibration, the fossil should be used as an estimated minimum age for the root of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46284EFFD9F268FBE5FA3AB445" box="[1295,1433,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |