170 lines
15 KiB
XML
170 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe320c78-20cd-45de-babe-5c2fd18c7a1d" ID-PMC="PMC5934354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-753-23" ID-PubMed="29731681" ID-ZBK="BBC59C6140DD44F3B9F34C011E0D0B75" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-753-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 753" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Graphipterusserrator (Forskål) group (Coleoptera, Carabidae): an increase from five to 15 valid species" checkinTime="1524810864104" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Renan, Ittai, Assmann, Thorsten & Freidberg, Amnon" docDate="2018" docId="013EE54635BF470E334E0F5716904BE1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 753: 23-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 753" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366" docTitle="Graphipterus heydeni Kraatz 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="123E1514FFF23830FFA1FFB0FFE0DA05" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Graphipterusserrator (Forskal) group (Coleoptera, Carabidae): an increase from five to 15 valid species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1668165743174" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Graphipterusserrator (Forskal) group (Coleoptera, Carabidae): an increase from five to 15 valid species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Renan, Ittai</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Assmann, Thorsten</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Freidberg, Amnon</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>753</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.753.22366</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-753-23</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">BBC59C6140DD44F3B9F34C011E0D0B75</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BBC59C6140DD44F3B9F34C011E0D0B75</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143706400" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:013EE54635BF470E334E0F5716904BE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/013EE54635BF470E334E0F5716904BE1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kraatz, 1890: 77, stat. rest." class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus heydeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heydeni">Graphipterus heydeni Kraatz, 1890: 77, stat. rest.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 3b, 9b, 18, 21a, c
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus luctuosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="33" start="start">Graphipterus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
luctuosus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1859 (nec Dejean, 1825)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" type="types">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Types.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Lectotype: ♂ (Blue label with black margin, black handwritten): <Heydeni Krtz./ luctuosus Guer./Tripolis. Oued>. (White label, print black): <Coll. Kraatz>. (White label, black print): <Tripolis>. (White label, black print): G. serrator/heydeni Kr>. (Green label, black print): <Muncheberg/Col - 01309>. (White label, black print): serrator/ heydeni Kz./P. Basilewsky det., 1975>. Deposited in ZSM [examined].</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="34" start="start">Paralectotype</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: two specimens - ♂, ♀ (White label, black black handwritten): <Tripolis>. (White label, black handwritten): <Call. Kraatz>. (White label, black handwritten): <Muncheberg/Col - 01310/01311>. Deposited in ZSM [examined]. Lectotypes and paralectotypes herewith designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Large species with 18-26 isolated white round spots on elytra, anterior and posterior discal spots larger than other spots; four marginal extensions, anterior extension triangular; median lobe of aedeagus with ventrally bent apex.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus heydeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heydeni">Graphipterus heydeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. valdanii" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="valdanii">G. valdanii</taxonomicName>
|
||
from which it differs mainly by the following characters:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. heydeni" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="heydeni">G. heydeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
: mentum with two teeth, margin between them clearly concave; EL/EW rounded (1.24); 18-26 spots on elytra; claws of hind legs dark; metatibial secondary spur brown. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus valdanii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdanii">Graphipterus valdanii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mentum with two teeth, margin between them slightly convex in middle; EL/EW elongated (1.31); 18-26 spots on elytra; claws of hind legs brown; metatibial secondary spur dark.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus heydeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heydeni">Graphipterus heydeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. magnus" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="magnus">G. magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from which it differs mainly by the following characters:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. heydeni" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="heydeni">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="35" start="start">G</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. heydeni
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: elytra shape oval; four elytral marginal extensions; anterior and posterior elytral spots larger than all other spots; median lobe of aedeagus with stout with ventrally bent tip.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. magnus" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="magnus">G. magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: elytra shape rounded; six elytral marginal extensions; all elytral spots with similar size; median lobe of aedeagus elongated with ventrally bent tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
|
||
BL male: 17.1-20.9 mm, average 18.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 mm; BL female: 18-20 mm, average 19.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Head slender; HW/PW: 0.71; EYL: 1.5-1.9 mm; EYL/EL: 0.16. Mentum with two teeth and concavity between them (Fig. 3b). Frontal ridge absent. In male, apical white frons stripes slenderer than exposed frons (Fig. 4a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="36" start="start">Pronotum</pageBreakToken>
|
||
slender; PL/PW: 0.65; BPW/PW: 0.7; posteromedially concave and without white margin; white lateral margin as wide as antennomere I long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Elytra oval, humeri rounded; EL: 10.0-12.1 mm, average 10.9 mm; EW: 8.4-9.9 mm, average 9.16 mm; EL/EW: 1.2. Lateral cross section convex. Black scales dense, disc not visible between them (Fig. 6a). White lateral margin almost as wide as antennomere I long and with four extensions; extension I triangular with rounded angels, slightly wider at margin of elytra, slightly elongated, wider and shorter than extension II; the latter one elongated at third quarter of elytra, imaginary line connecting the media ends of the extensions I and II parallel to the suture; white posterior margin forms a gap at suture, wider than lateral margin. Disc usually with 18-26 rounded spots; anterior pair of spots rounded, as wide as extension I, usually smaller than posterior spots, larger than spots on mid disc; mid disc spots usually asymmetrically smeared. Posterior pair of spots rounded, one or two small spots located laterally to posterior spots. Apical sinuation strongly developed, apex protruded, almost rectangular, only slightly rounded at most distant tip (Fig. 7a). Suture inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Legs long; MTIL: 5.3-7.0 mm, average 6.5 mm; El/MTIL: 1.7. Metatibial secondary spur brown. MTAL: 4.4-5.2 mm, average 4.8 mm; MTAL/MTIL: 0.7. Claws of hind legs black at base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Median lobe of aedeagus with apex bent ventrally (Fig. 9b).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="co-occurring species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Co-occurring species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Graphipterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graphipterus heydeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heydeni">Graphipterus heydeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. luctuosus" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="luctuosus">G. luctuosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
around Tripoli, Libya, and might live in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. rotundatus" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="rotundatus">G. rotundatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this region. It also lives in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. piniamitaii" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="piniamitaii">G. piniamitaii</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in Nefzaoua region in Tunisia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Western Lybia (Tripolitania) and western Tunisia (Nefzaoua) (Fig. 18).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">The restricted distribution range of the endemic species and the decline of the coastal sandy habitat as a result of increasing anthropogenic pressures (e.g., tourism, urbanization etc.) threaten at least the long-term survival of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
|
||
This taxon was first described by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
(erroneously as luctuosus Dej.). As Kraatz already noted,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville's">Guerin-Meneville's</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Dejean's specimens do not belong to the same taxon, and Kraatz substituted the name heydeni Kraatz, 1890 as a new replacement name (nomen novum) for the already available name luctuosus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
. However, Kraatz never fixed the holotype (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
|
||
, pers. comm.), following the requirement of Article 72.2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hurka, K" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="50" pageNumber="73" title="International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition." year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The type series of heydeni comprises three individuals from Tripoli (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kraatz, G" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="50" pageNumber="73" pagination="75 - 78" title="Die Graphipterus Arten von Tunis und Tripolis." volume="34" year="1890">Kraatz 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 77) and not seven (holotype and six paratypes) as indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Basilewsky (1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 451). The beetles were collected by Quedenfeldt, as this circumstance was indicated by Kraatz in the original description. These individuals have been transferred to the DEI (Kraatz was the director of this institution) and the syntypes are still preserved there. A lectotype is designated, labeled with a handwritten card indicating the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="taxon’s">taxon's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name, the name of the location, Tripoli, and the initial letters of the collector (Fig. 21c). The above description is based primarily on the three syntypes. The misinterpretation of the type material by Kraatz led Basilewsky to an incorrect interpretation of heydeni Kraatz. Consequently the distribution map given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Basilewsky (1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: page 450) is also incorrect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |