492 lines
56 KiB
XML
492 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="27A3EE150BA046C57A36FB37A4081273" ID-CLB-Dataset="51247" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156674" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3319d4bd-240d-45b9-9386-4e8a60a75115" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156674" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459637926234" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cicchino, Armando C." docDate="2003" docId="03FFE55AA850FF8A6B22BAA8FB41FBC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00358.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 358" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Menacanthus bonariensis Cicchino, 2003, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFC69D22A851FF826A2ABC1CFFAEFFBB" masterDocTitle="Menacanthus bonariensis new species (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), parasitic on the Whitebellied Sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca (Todd, 1915) (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698205792511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0C9E773D3E41B8F430AFDF1057257334">Menacanthus bonariensis new species (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), parasitic on the Whitebellied Sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca (Todd, 1915) (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED60859AF0A91B9CF9F785DC4F94C887">Cicchino, Armando C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6CA62BB809F61D0E7041B939108F7392">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C6131C14F57BF919405D9EECB4FDB16F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4C492CB1908D9BEC7855AA2815837A86">
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<mods:date id="1A7B31B62C56C1F33CCAE12052DE6466">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A727D7CE53895EF75A4CD5F48EB97668">358</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="01C0C2317313534088EC796C3866A046" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.156674</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FFE55AA850FF8A6B22BAA8FB41FBC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6276803" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6276803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFE55AA850FF8A6B22BAA8FB41FBC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE55AA850FF8A6B22BAA8FB41FBC5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C34C07C7A850FF836B22BAA8FE39F94A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE9544CA850FF836B22BAA8FD4EF975" blockId="1.[264,736,1716,1777]" box="[264,736,1716,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0A1E320A850FF836B22BAA8FD4EF975" bold="true" box="[264,736,1716,1742]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA850FF836B22BAA8FD4EF975" bold="true" box="[264,736,1716,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA850FF836B22BAA8FDEFF975" box="[264,577,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA850FF836B22BAA8FDEFF975" bold="true" box="[264,577,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A850FF83687ABAA8FD4EF975" box="[592,736,1716,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9544CA850FF836B22BACBFE39F94A" blockId="1.[264,736,1716,1777]" box="[264,407,1751,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136D48C9A850FF836B3BBACBFE20F94A" box="[273,398,1751,1777]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 9" captionStart-2="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStart-3="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStart-4="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId-0="2.[264,382,1808,1832]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,382,1742,1766]" captionStartId-2="4.[264,383,1636,1660]" captionStartId-3="5.[264,383,1412,1436]" captionStartId-4="6.[264,383,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox-0="[453,1151,871,1760]" captionTargetBox-1="[499,1081,933,1694]" captionTargetBox-2="[494,1082,780,1635]" captionTargetBox-3="[440,1145,766,1395]" captionTargetBox-4="[474,1098,1084,1741]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[428,1151,855,1790]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[493,1094,929,1716]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[492,1095,769,1638]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[428,1158,736,1429]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[471,1116,1066,1758]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Menacanthus bonariensis n. sp.: 1, female (dorsal and ventral); 2 – 6, ventral spinous processes of the head, drawn at same scale: 2, female; 3, male; 4, nymph III; 5, nymph II; 6, nymph I. Scale in micrometers (µm)." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 9. Menacanthus bonariensis n. sp., male: 7, habitus (dorsal and ventral); 8, genitalia (dorsal and ventral); 9, genital sac and “ penis ”, extruded. Scale in micrometers (µm)." captionText-2="FIGURES 10 – 16. Menacanthus bonariensis n. sp.: 10, 11, and 12 Nymphs III, II and I, respectively (dorsal and ventral, all at same scale); 13 – 16 cephalic setal complex and sensillum c: 13, male; 14, nymph III; 15, nymph II; 16, nymph I (all at same scale). Scale in micrometers (µm)." captionText-3="FIGURES 17 – 20. Menacanthus bonariensis n. sp., ventral spinous processes of the head, gular plate, pro, meso and metasternum: 17, male; 18, nymph III; 19, nymph II; 20, nymph I (at same scale). Scale in micrometers (µm)." captionText-4="FIGURES 21 – 27. Menacanthus bonariensis n. sp.: 21, whole egg glued to a lower barb of a gular feather (opercular phanerum broken off); 22, operculum; 23 – 24, views of operculi showing irregularly spaced air chambers; 25 – 27, hatching organ of the embryonary cuticle of three nearly mature embryos. Scale in micrometers (µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/156675/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/156676/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/156677/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/156678/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/156679/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–27</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C07C7A850FF846B22BB3BFE98FBBD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE9544CA850FF806B22BB3BFDA1FD55" blockId="1.[264,1323,1831,1897]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1324,284,750]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA850FF836B22BB3BFEF1F8FB" box="[264,351,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Female</emphasis>
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: habitus as in figure 1. Length of ventral spinous processes 0.104–0.108 (0.107 ± 0.002) (fig. 2). Ocular seta 19 slender, 0.032–0.043 long. Gular plate lightly pigmented, in one specimen showing insinuation of two “holes” located near the center, and bearing 4+4 setae. Pronotum with 16–17 posterior setae. Metanotum with 4–5 lateroanterior setae each side, and 17–18 posterior setae. Prosternum with 1–2 setae, mesosternum with 14–16 and metasternum with 12–14. Tergal setae:
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF8068F7BD88FC95FE15" box="[733,827,404,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1925-01-26">I 25–26</date>
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, II 25–
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF8069BABD88FC1EFE15" box="[912,944,404,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1927-03-28" valueMax="1927-03-31" valueMin="1927-03-28">27</date>
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, III 28–31,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806E16BD88FB01FE15" box="[1084,1199,404,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1933-04-28">IV 28–33</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806E97BD88FA88FE15" box="[1213,1318,404,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1953-05-31">V 31–53</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806B22BDA0FED7FE6D" box="[264,377,444,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1934-06-31">VI 31–34</date>
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, VII 29–
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806BF5BDA0FE51FE6D" box="[479,511,444,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1930-08-21" valueMax="1930-08-23" valueMin="1930-08-21">30</date>
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, VIII 21–23. Anterior setae of the pleurites: I–II 0,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806E79BDA0FB0DFE6D" box="[1107,1187,444,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">III 1–3</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806E9ABDA0FA8AFE6D" box="[1200,1316,444,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">IV–V 3–5</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806B22BDF8FE91FE45" box="[264,319,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">VI 4</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806B66BDF8FE07FE45" box="[332,425,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">VII 2–4</date>
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, VIII 0. Sternal setae:
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF80689BBDF8FD40FE45" box="[689,750,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">I 2–3</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF8068D6BDF8FC9AFE45" box="[764,820,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1936-02">II 36</date>
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–37,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806944BDF8FC01FE45" box="[878,943,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1967-03">III 67</date>
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–71,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF8069C3BDF8FB82FE45" box="[1001,1068,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1969-04">IV 69</date>
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–72,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806E4CBDF8FB0EFE45" box="[1126,1184,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1968-05">V 68</date>
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–72,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806EF0BDF8FAB3FE45" box="[1242,1309,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1960-06">VI 60</date>
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– 65,
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<date id="FFE8728CA853FF806B1CBE10FE28FD9D" box="[310,390,524,550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1946-07">VII 46</date>
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–59. Subgenital plate with 46–59 setae, and with medioposterior strong serrations. Each anal fringe with 53–54 setae. Body measurements: HL 0.287–0.300 (0.296 ± 0.008), POW 0.505–0.517 (0.511 ± 0.006), OW 0.625–0.642 (0.632 ± 0.009), PL 0.175– 0.217 (0.195 ± 0.021), PW 0.462–0.475 (0.468 ± 0.007), PTW 0.600–0.625 (0.617 ± 0.014), AL 1.200–1.275 (1.233 ± 0.038), AW 0.912–0.937 (0.925 ± 0.013), TL 1.875– 1.987 (1.921 ± 0.059).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2904C4A853FF806B22BB0CFD00F8D3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[453,1151,871,1760]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BE9544CA853FF806B22BB0CFD00F8D3" blockId="2.[264,1323,1808,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA853FF806B22BB0CFE17F893" bold="true" box="[264,441,1808,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA853FF806BECBB0DFD71F893" box="[454,735,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA853FF806BECBB0DFD71F893" box="[454,735,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A853FF8068C6BB0DFC80F893" box="[748,814,1809,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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: 1, female (dorsal and ventral); 2–6, ventral spinous processes of the head, drawn at same scale: 2, female; 3, male; 4, nymph III; 5, nymph II; 6, nymph I. Scale in micrometers (µm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE9544CA852FF816B12BD00FB56FC85" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA852FF816B12BD00FEDAFE8E" box="[312,372,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male</emphasis>
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: habitus as in figure 7. Length of ventral spinous processes 0.084–0.096 (0.089 ± 0.005), with 34+34 setae (figs 3, 17). Ocular seta 19: 0.025–0.028 (0.027 ± 0.002) long. Pronotum with 16–17 posterior setae. Metanotum with 4 lateroanterior setae each side, and 16–17 posterior ones. Prosternum with 1–2 setae, mesosternum with 13–15 and metasternum with 11–13 (fig. 17). Tergal setae:
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF8168C8BDA0FC91FE6D" box="[738,831,444,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1916-01-19">I 16–19</date>
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, II 19–
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF8169BEBDA0FC1AFE6D" box="[916,948,444,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1922-03-23" valueMax="1922-03-24" valueMin="1922-03-23">22</date>
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, III 23–24, IV 26, V 26–31, VI 25–
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816B19BDF8FEFDFE45" box="[307,339,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1927-07-23" valueMax="1927-07-27" valueMin="1927-07-23">27</date>
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, VII 23–27, VIII 16–17. Anterior setae on pleurites: I–II 0,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816E22BDF8FBF7FE45" box="[1032,1113,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">III 1–3</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816E4CBDF8FB32FE45" box="[1126,1180,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IV 3</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816E83BDF8FB5CFE45" box="[1193,1266,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">V 2–4</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816ED4BDF8FEC9FD9D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">VI– VII 1–2</date>
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, VIII 0. Sternal setae:
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816852BE10FD19FD9D" box="[632,695,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I 2–3</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF8168EDBE10FC80FD9D" box="[711,814,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1935-02-29">II 29–35</date>
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,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816916BE10FC2EFD9D" box="[828,896,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1947-03">III 47</date>
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–54,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816991BE10FBAEFD9D" box="[955,1024,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1953-04">IV 53</date>
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–61,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816E16BE10FBD6FD9D" box="[1084,1144,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1948-05">V 48</date>
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–50,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816E99BE10FB56FD9D" box="[1203,1272,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1945-06">VI 45</date>
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–49,
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<date id="FFE8728CA852FF816B22BE28FE2BFDF5" box="[264,389,564,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1938-07-30">VII 30–38</date>
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, VIII 13–16. Subgenital plate with 19–21 setae. Genitalia (fig. 8) with apical portion of parameres abruptly curved outwardly and endomeral plate with a noticeable subapical constriction. Genital sac and “penis” as shown in figure 9. Body measurements: HL 0.267–0.287 (0.276 ± 0.010), POW 0.437–0.462 (0.451 ± 0.013), OW 0.562–0.580 (0.569 ± 0.009), PL 0.180–0.187 (0.185 ± 0.004), PW 0.387–0.405 (0.393 ± 0.010), PTW 0.487–0.500 (0.493 ± 0.006), AL 0.812–0.925 (0.862 ± 0.058), AW 0.630–0.662 (0.645 ± 0.016), GL 0.468–0.475 (0.472 ± 0.005), GW 0.100, TL 1.400–1.500 (1.458 ± 0.052).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2904C4A852FF816B22BAD2FB3CF8B3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[499,1081,933,1694]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE9544CA852FF816B22BAD2FB3CF8B3" blockId="3.[264,1323,1742,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA852FF816B22BAD2FE1BF95D" bold="true" box="[264,437,1742,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 7–9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA852FF816B96BAD3FD61F95D" box="[444,719,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B922885EA852FF816B96BAD3FD61F95D" box="[444,719,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A852FF8168FDBAD3FCBDF95D" box="[727,787,1743,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male: 7, habitus (dorsal and ventral); 8, genitalia (dorsal and ventral); 9, genital sac and “penis”, extruded. Scale in micrometers (µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA855FF866B12BD00FB2BFD7D" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA855FF866B12BD00FD9EFE8E" box="[312,560,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Third nymphal instar</emphasis>
|
||
: habitus as in figure 10. Cephalic setae 14, 15 and 16 and sensillum
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA855FF866B6ABD58FEE3FEE6" box="[320,333,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">c</emphasis>
|
||
as in figure 14. Length of ventral spinous processes 0.070–0.072 (0.071 ± 0.001) (figs 4, 18). Gular plate with 3+3 setae (fig. 18). Prosternum with one seta, mesosternum with 11–12 and metasternum with 11 setae (fig. 18). Pronotum with 16 posterior setae. Metanotum with 3–4 anterolateral setae each side, and 15–17 posterior setae. Tergal setae:
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF866B22BDF8FE96FE45" box="[264,312,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1914-01">I 14</date>
|
||
, II–III 16–
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF866B9FBDF8FE7BFE45" box="[437,469,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1919-04-17" valueMax="1919-04-18" valueMin="1919-04-17">19</date>
|
||
, IV 17–18, V 18–19, VI
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF8668DCBDF8FC32FE45" box="[758,924,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1920-07-15" valueMax="1920-07-18" valueMin="1920-07-15">20, VII 15–18</date>
|
||
, VIII 12. Pleurites with 1–2 anterior setae. Sternal setae:
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF86680EBE10FDCCFD9D" box="[548,610,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I 1–2</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF866844BE10FD06FD9D" box="[622,680,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1921-02">II 21</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF86689EBE10FC8CFD9D" box="[692,802,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1933-03-29">III 29–33</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF866907BE10FC3DFD9D" box="[813,915,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1936-04" valueMax="1936-05-31" valueMin="1936-04-00">IV–V 36</date>
|
||
–37,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF8669E6BE10FBA0FD9D" box="[972,1038,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1932-06">VI 32</date>
|
||
–33,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA855FF866E6DBE10FB6FFD9D" box="[1095,1217,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1937-07-28">VII 37–28</date>
|
||
, VIII 14. Subgenital plate with 4 setae. Measurements: HL 0.267–0.275 (0.272 ± 0.005), POW 0.437–0.442 (0.439 ± 0.003), OW 0.537–0.550 (0.541 ± 0.008), PL 0.175, PW 0.375– 0.392 (0.382 ± 0.009), PTW 0.475–0.492 (0.481 ± 0.010), AL 0.800–0.837 (0.814 ± 0.020), AW 0.600–0.637 (0.622 ± 0,020), TL 1.362–1.425 (1.391 ± 0.0032).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2904C4A855FF866B22BA78FB53F97A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156677/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[494,1082,780,1635]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA855FF866B22BA78FB53F97A" blockId="4.[264,1322,1636,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA855FF866B22BA78FE7FF9C7" bold="true" box="[264,465,1636,1660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 10–16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA855FF866BF0BA78FD41F9C0" box="[474,751,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA855FF866BF0BA78FD41F9C0" box="[474,751,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A855FF8668D3BA78FC99F9C0" box="[761,823,1636,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: 10, 11, and 12 Nymphs III, II and I, respectively (dorsal and ventral, all at same scale); 13–16 cephalic setal complex and sensillum c: 13, male; 14, nymph III; 15, nymph II; 16, nymph I (all at same scale). Scale in micrometers (µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA855FF876B12BB0EFBD8FD25" blockId="4.[264,1323,1810,1876]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,670]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA855FF866B12BB0EFDE7F890" box="[312,585,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Second nymphal instar</emphasis>
|
||
: habitus as in figure 11. Length of ventral spinous processes 0,0 48–0,0 54 (0.051 ± 0.002) (figs 5, 19). Gular plate with 2+2 setae, exceptionally 2+1 setae (fig. 19). Ocular seta 19: 0.020–0.024 (0.023 ± 0.002) long. Cephalic setae 14, 15 and 16 and sensillum
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA854FF876823BD58FDB8FEE6" box="[521,534,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
|
||
much as for nymph III (fig. 15). Prosternum with one seta, mesosternum with 3–8 and metasternum with 9–11. Pronotum with 16–17 posterior setae. Metanotum with 2–3 anterolateral setae each side, and 10 posterior setae. Tergal setae:
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876ECDBD88FA8BFE15" box="[1255,1317,404,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I 8–9</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876B22BDA0FE24FE6D" box="[264,394,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1910-02-09" valueMax="1910-04-09" valueMin="1910-02-09">II–IV 9–10</date>
|
||
, V–VII
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876BC3BDA0FD2EFE6D" box="[489,640,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1910-08-05" valueMax="1910-08-07" valueMin="1910-08-05">10, VIII 5–7.</date>
|
||
No anterior setae on pleurites III–VII. Sternal setae:
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876EC3BDA0FAA5FE6D" box="[1257,1291,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I 2</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876F3DBDA0FEFDFE45" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1913-02-14">II 13–14</date>
|
||
, III 12–
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876B9EBDF8FE7AFE45" box="[436,468,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1915-04-12" valueMax="1915-04-16" valueMin="1915-04-12">15</date>
|
||
, IV 12–16, V 14–15, VI 12–
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF87691FBDF8FCFAFE45" box="[821,852,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1914-07-10" valueMax="1914-07-11" valueMin="1914-07-10">14</date>
|
||
, VII 10–11, VIII 5–7. Subgenital plate with 4 setae. Measurements: HL 0.225–0.250 (0.240 ± 0.011), POW 0.367–0.375 (0.373 ± 0.004), OW 0.425–0.450 (0.437 ± 0.010), PL 0.137–0.162 (0.151 ± 0.011), PW 0.287– 0.325 (0.307 ± 0.016), PTW 0.362–0.405 (0.372 ± 0.027), AL 0.587–0.630 (0.605 ± 0.020), AW 0.442–0.512 (0.470 ± 0.031), TL 1.075–1.167 (1.112 ± 0.038).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2904C4A854FF876B22B998FDD6FA5A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156678/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[440,1145,766,1395]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA854FF876B22B998FDD6FA5A" blockId="5.[264,1322,1412,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA854FF876B22B998FE7CFA27" bold="true" box="[264,466,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 17–20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA854FF876BF6B998FD5CFA20" box="[476,754,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA854FF876BF6B998FD5CFA20" box="[476,754,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A854FF8768D1B998FC97FA20" box="[763,825,1412,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ventral spinous processes of the head, gular plate, pro, meso and metasternum: 17, male; 18, nymph III; 19, nymph II; 20, nymph I (at same scale). Scale in micrometers (µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA854FF846B12BA21FC39FE3D" blockId="5.[264,1324,1596,1902]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,1030]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA854FF876B12BA21FD9CF9ED" box="[312,562,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">First nymphal instar</emphasis>
|
||
: habitus as in figure 12. Length of ventral spinous processes 0.036–0.040 (0.038 ± 0.002) (figs 6, 20). Gular plate lacking setae (fig. 20). Ocular seta 19: 0.020–0.024 (0.023 ± 0.002) long. Seta 16 lacking and sensillum
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA854FF876E77BA91FBC4F91D" box="[1117,1130,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
|
||
not seen in the available specimens (fig. 16). Prosternum without setae, mesosternum and metasternum with 2. Pronotum with 10 posterior setae. Metanotum with 2–3 lateroanterior setae each side, and 9–10 posterior setae. Tergal setae:
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876926BB18FCE0F8A5" box="[780,846,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I–II 8</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876971BB18FC3FF8A5" box="[859,913,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">III 7</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF8769B7BB18FC7DF8A5" box="[925,979,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IV 8</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF8769CBBB18FB87F8A5" box="[993,1065,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">V 7–8</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876E1CBB18FB0CF8A5" box="[1078,1186,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">VI–VII 8</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876E85BB18FB50F8A5" box="[1199,1278,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">VIII 6.</date>
|
||
No anterior setae on pleurites III–VII. Sternal setae:
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF87697EBB30FC3AF8FD" box="[852,916,1836,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I 3–4</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876989BB30FC43F8FD" box="[931,1005,1836,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">II 6–7</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF8769D6BB30FBFBF8FD" box="[1020,1109,1836,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">III–V 6</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA854FF876E4FBB30FB4DF8FD" box="[1125,1251,1836,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">VI–VIII 4.</date>
|
||
Measurements: HL 0.212–0.225 (0.216 ± 0.008), POW 0.292–0.305 (0.301 ± 0.008), OW 0.362–0.367 (0.365 ± 0.003), PL 0.112–0.137 (0.122 ± 0.013), PW 0.242–0.262 (0.249 ± 0.012), PTW 0.280–0.325 (0.314 ± 0.030), AL 0.462–0.517 (0.497 ± 0.030), AW 0.305– 0.425 (0.372 ± 0.061), TL 0.875–0.962 (0.921 ± 0.044).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA857FF846B12BD88FE98FBBD" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846B12BD88FEC9FE16" box="[312,359,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Egg</emphasis>
|
||
: elongated (fig. 21). Amphoral surface smooth. Operculum lacking sculpturing, with a row of 13 irregularly spaced air chambers (figs. 22–24), and with an apical long phanerum composed of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846802BDF8FDEAFE46" box="[552,580,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 9 strands, much as those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA857FF846E0BBDF8FB78FE45" author="Hohorst" box="[1057,1238,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" refString="Hohorst, W. (1939) Die Mallophagen des Haushuhnes und ihre eigelege. VeterinarMedizinische Nachrichten, (5), 97 - 128." type="journal article" year="1939">Hohorst (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA857FF846F21BDF8FDE5FD9D" authority="Nitzsch, 1818" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846F21BDF8FE26FD9E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. stramineus</emphasis>
|
||
(Nitzsch, 1818)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Measurements: total length, phanerum excluded, 0.765–0.808 (0.805 ± 0.052), maximum width of the amphora 0.232–0.268 (0.247 ± 0.015), maximum length of the apical phanerum 0.293–0.390 (0.358 ± 0.056).
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF8469E3BE40FA84FDCE" box="[969,1322,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hatching organ of the embryo</emphasis>
|
||
composed by an apical set of 7–9 lancets of different lengths, an irregular medial row of 7– 8 lancets progressively longer, and a caudal set with a strong central tooth surrounded by ca. 7–8 small tubercles (figs. 25–27).
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF8468ECBEC8FC06FD56" box="[710,936,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sites of oviposition</emphasis>
|
||
: eggs are glued to the basal half of the lower barbs of the feather vanes by means of a moderate amount of spumaline (fig. 21), 1–10 per feather. In moderate infestations and in the absence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA857FF846E0CBF38FB01FC86" box="[1062,1199,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846E0CBF38FB01FC86" box="[1062,1199,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Philopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A857FF846E9CBF38FB5BFC85" box="[1206,1269,804,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below) which appears to lay eggs in similar sites,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA857FF846966BF50FC44FCDE" box="[844,1002,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846966BF50FC44FCDE" box="[844,1002,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Menacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs are laid on feathers of pteryla of the throat, mandible, periauriculars, eyebrow and lateral margins of the crown (fig. 28). In heavier infestation, and even in the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA857FF8469DBBF80FBD4FC0E" box="[1009,1146,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF8469DBBF80FBD4FC0E" box="[1009,1146,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Philopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA857FF846EA6BF80FA84FC0E" box="[1164,1322,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846EA6BF80FA84FC0E" box="[1164,1322,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Menacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eggs are laid on pteryla of the chin, throat, upper neck, periauricular and nuchal areas (fig. 29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2904C4A857FF846B22BAF8FD38F8D8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156679/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[474,1098,1084,1741]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA857FF846B22BAF8FD38F8D8" blockId="6.[264,1323,1764,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846B22BAF8FE61F947" bold="true" box="[264,463,1764,1788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 21–27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA857FF846BFCBAF8FD47F940" box="[470,745,1764,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA857FF846BFCBAF8FD47F940" box="[470,745,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A857FF8468DBBAF8FC83F940" box="[753,813,1764,1787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: 21, whole egg glued to a lower barb of a gular feather (opercular phanerum broken off); 22, operculum; 23–24, views of operculi showing irregularly spaced air chambers; 25–27, hatching organ of the embryonary cuticle of three nearly mature embryos. Scale in micrometers (µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2904C4A856FF856B22BFCBFD9DFB05" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156680/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[502,1068,319,918]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA856FF856B22BFCBFD9DFB05" blockId="7.[264,1323,983,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856B22BFCBFE7EFC54" bold="true" box="[264,464,983,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 28–32.</emphasis>
|
||
Oviposition sites of the five louse species recorded from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856E62BFCBFDA7FBAA" authority="Todd, 1915" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1915" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Zonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="hypoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856E62BFCBFEDBFBAA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
(Todd, 1915)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the study area, corresponding to five individual hosts from the following localities: 28 and 31, Punta Piedras 6X1984; 29, La Balandra 12XII1986; 30, General Mansilla (13 km W from La Balandra) 18XII1984; 32 ditto 4XII1985. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856E94B823FB42FBEC" bold="true" box="[1214,1260,1087,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MG</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856ED8B823FE4CFBC2" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Menacantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856ED8B823FE4CFBC2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Menacantus bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A856FF856BC6B87EFD84FBC2" box="[492,554,1122,1145]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856813B87EFDCAFBC1" bold="true" box="[569,612,1122,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ML</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856844B87EFC8FFBC2" box="[622,801,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Machaerilaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856844B87EFC8FFBC2" box="[622,801,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Machaerilaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cfr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856973B87EFC6BFBC2" box="[857,965,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">laticorpus</emphasis>
|
||
(Carriker, 1903),
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856EA5B87EFB6FFBC1" bold="true" box="[1167,1217,1122,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MM</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856EE6B87EFDDBFB20" authority="Kellogg, 1899" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Machaerilaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856EE6B87EFE6CFB27" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Machaerilaemus maestus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kellogg, 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF8568ABB898FD0EFB27" bold="true" box="[641,672,1156,1180]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ph</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF85688CB899FC8CFB27" box="[678,802,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF85688CB899FC8CFB27" box="[678,802,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A856FF856900B898FCCAFB20" box="[810,868,1156,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF85695AB898FC38FB27" bold="true" box="[880,918,1156,1180]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">RD</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF8569B7B899FB55FB20" authority="Kellogg, 1896" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1896" box="[925,1275,1156,1180]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diffusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF8569B7B899FBE8FB27" box="[925,1094,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ricinus diffusus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kellogg, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For further explanation see text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C07C7A856FF8A6B12B90CFD0EFE3D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA856FF8A6B12B90CFD0EFE3D" blockId="7.[264,1323,1295,1881]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1325,284,1150]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856B12B90CFE30FA92" box="[312,414,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856B9BB90CFDCDFA92" box="[433,611,1296,1321]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Menacantus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856B9BB90CFDCDFA92" box="[433,611,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A856FF856844B913FD1EFA92" box="[622,688,1295,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856E08B90CFEE2FAEA" authority="Kellogg, 1896" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856E08B90CFB1EFA92" box="[1058,1200,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kellogg, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(only females are known for this species), but can be readily separated by the following combination of characters: most body measurements larger (over all POW, TW and TL), ocular seta 19 and ventral spinous processes longer, tendency to a greater number of setae on tergites IV–VIII and sternites III–VI, and subgenital plate with fewer setae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856EF4B9ACFE5BFA4A" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856EF4B9ACFE5BFA4A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Menacanthus bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a compact group with other 12 species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856E1BB9C4FE12F9A2" authority="Burmeister, 1838" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurysternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856E1BB9C4FB4DFA4A" box="[1073,1251,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. eurysternus</emphasis>
|
||
(Burmeister, 1838)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856BE5BA1CFCB2F9A2" authority="Eichler, 1953" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1953" box="[463,796,1535,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merisuoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856BE5BA1CFDC8F9A2" box="[463,614,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. merisuoi</emphasis>
|
||
Eichler, 1953
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF85691BBA1CFC0FF9A2" box="[817,929,1536,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF85691BBA1CFC0FF9A2" box="[817,929,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nitzsch in Giebel, 1866),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856F21BA1CFDA7F9FA" authority="Price 1977" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geothlypis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856F21BA1CFE2EF9FA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. geothlypis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA856FF856BA2BA3BFDA7F9FA" author="Price" box="[392,521,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="11" refString="Price, R. D. (1977) The Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Passeriformes (Aves). Journal of Medical Entomology, 14 (2), 207 - 220." type="journal article" year="1977">Price 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF85683FBA34FCE9F9FA" authority="Price 1977" authorityName="Price" authorityYear="1977" box="[533,839,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendroicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF85683FBA34FD11F9FA" box="[533,703,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. dendroicae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA856FF8568EDBA3BFCE9F9FA" author="Price" box="[711,839,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="11" refString="Price, R. D. (1977) The Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Passeriformes (Aves). Journal of Medical Entomology, 14 (2), 207 - 220." type="journal article" year="1977">Price 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF85697EBA34FB00F9FA" authority="Schrank, 1776" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1776" box="[852,1198,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curuccae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF85697EBA34FC48F9FA" box="[852,998,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. curuccae</emphasis>
|
||
(Schrank, 1776)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856E90BA34FE41F9D2" authority="Uchida, 1926" authorityName="Uchida" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takayamai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856E90BA34FEECF9D2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. takayamai</emphasis>
|
||
Uchida, 1926
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856BD4BA4CFCDCF9D2" authority="Carriker, 1958" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1958" box="[510,882,1615,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856BD4BA4CFD15F9D2" box="[510,699,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. aurocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
Carriker, 1958
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF8569ABBA4CFA88F9D2" authority="Blagoveshtchensky, 1951" authorityName="Blagoveshtchensky" authorityYear="1951" box="[897,1318,1615,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orioli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF8569ABBA4CFC42F9D2" box="[897,1004,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. orioli</emphasis>
|
||
Blagoveshtchensky, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856B22BA64FDC7F92A" authority="Kellogg, 1896" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1896" box="[264,617,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856B22BA64FE36F92A" box="[264,408,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kellogg, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856850BA64FBF7F92A" authority="Blagoveshtchensky, 1940" authorityName="Blagoveshtchensky" authorityYear="1940" box="[634,1113,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856850BA64FCB2F92A" box="[634,796,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. tenuifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Blagoveshtchensky, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA856FF856EB6BA64FE47F902" authority="Burmeister, 1838" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA856FF856EB6BA64FA84F92A" box="[1180,1322,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. sinuatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Burmeister, 1838)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This group has been defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA856FF85694DBA83FB9DF902" author="Price" box="[871,1075,1695,1721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="11" refString="Price, R. D. (1977) The Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Passeriformes (Aves). Journal of Medical Entomology, 14 (2), 207 - 220." type="journal article" year="1977">Price (1977: 215)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by having: 1. at least three lateroanterior setae each side of the metanotum; 2. pleurites either without anterior setae or with 1–3 anterior setae only along their medioventral margins; 3. female subgenital plate usually with strong serrations, less often with only a light spiculation, along its medioposterior margin; 4. male genitalia with apical portion of parameres abruptly curved outwardly and endomeral plate with subapical constriction. It is unfortunate that no eggs or nymphs were described for the species cited above, so that no comparison with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A6B22BD70FE16FE3E" box="[264,440,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6B22BD70FE16FE3E" box="[264,440,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2113525A859FF8A6B95BD70FE50FE3D" box="[447,510,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C07C7A859FF8A6B12BD88FB34FDCD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA859FF8A6B12BD88FC89FE6D" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6B12BD88FE1BFE16" box="[312,437,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: the Latin word “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A68A7BD88FCB7FE15" box="[653,793,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">bonariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
” refers to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34114DCA859FF8A69B3BD88FB92FE15" box="[921,1084,404,430]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
|
||
province where the specimens have been collected: Buenos Aires.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA859FF8A6B12BDF8FB34FDCD" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6B12BDF8FD84FE46" box="[312,554,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
: male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EDEAEEA859FF8A6850BDF8FD4AFE45" box="[634,740,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D509FC5A859FF8A68C5BDF8FCE7FE45" box="[751,841,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D509FC5A859FF8A69ABBDF8FC5CFE45" box="[897,1010,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EDEAEEA859FF8A69D0BDF8FBC0FE45" box="[1018,1134,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, 4 nymphs III, 4 nymphs II, 3 nymphs I and numerous eggs from Punta Piedras, Partido de Punta Indio, Buenos Aires Province,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA859FF8A680CBE28FD35FDF5" box="[550,667,564,590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1984-10-06">6X1984</date>
|
||
, A.C. Cicchino coll.; numerous eggs from La Balandra, Partido de Berisso, Buenos Aires Province,
|
||
<date id="FFE8728CA859FF8A6921BE40FC0DFDCD" box="[779,931,604,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1986-12-12">12XII1986</date>
|
||
, A. C. Cicchino coll.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C07C7A859FF8A6B12BE98FB41FBC5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9544CA859FF8A6B12BE98FB41FBC5" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6B12BE98FE09FD26" box="[312,423,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EDEAEEA859FF8A6B12BE98FEC2FD26" box="[312,364,644,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
host
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: the three host populations examined are currently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A6E8ABE98FD34FD7D" authority="Todd, 1915" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1915" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Zonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="hypoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6E8ABE98FE5EFD7E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
(Todd, 1915)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, widely distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34114DCA859FF8A6984BEB0FB8DFD7D" box="[942,1059,684,710]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Jujuy and Salta Provinces in the north, to southern Buenos Aires (fig. 33). It must be noted that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA859FF8A6EC5BEC8FEF8FCAD" author="Todd" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" refString="Todd, W. E. C. (1920) Descriptions of apparently new South American birds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 33, 71 - 76." type="journal article" year="1920">Todd (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the race
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6879BEE0FCA2FCAE" box="[595,780,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
from specimens collected at Rio Santiago, Partido de Berisso, a coastal locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A68EEBF38FD4EFC86" box="[708,736,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAEF9A9A859FF8A68DABF38FC95FC85" box="[752,827,804,830]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
north of La Balandra. Several years later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA859FF8A6B22BF50FE63FCDD" author="Hellmayr" box="[264,461,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" refString="Hellmayr, C. (1938) Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Field Museum of Natural History Series 13 (Part XI), 662 pp." type="book" year="1938">Hellmayr (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed this race as valid, but subsequently
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA859FF8A6996BF50FB2CFCDD" author="Chapman" box="[956,1154,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" refString="Chapman, F. M. (1940) The postglacial history of Zonotrichia capensis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 77 (8), 381 - 438." type="journal article" year="1940">Chapman (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questioned its validity and included all populations from Buenos Aires Province in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A6E6BBF68FB56FC36" box="[1089,1272,884,909]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Zonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="hypoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6E6BBF68FB56FC36" box="[1089,1272,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. hypoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA859FF8A6F22BF68FEF8FC0D" author="Bo" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" refString="Bo, N. A. (1972) Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca (Todd) Sistematica y distribucion en Argentina. Neotropica, 18 (56), 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="1972">Bó (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the status of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6847BF80FCB5FC0E" box="[621,795,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A697FBF80FBA4FC0E" box="[853,1034,924,949]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Zonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="hypoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A697FBF80FBA4FC0E" box="[853,1034,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. hypoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
maintaining the validity of the former and including under that race most of the populations from Buenos Aires Province (some of them only a few kilometers apart from the populations dealt with in this study). Subsequent bird lists (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC729BDA859FF8A688AB808FC9EFB95" author="Olrog" box="[672,816,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" refString="Olrog, C. C. (1979) Nueva lista de la avifauna argentina. Opera Lilloana nº 27, 324 pp" type="book" year="1979">Olrog, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) returned to Chapman’s criterion, synonymyzing
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6B41B820FDB3FBEE" box="[363,541,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A685DB820FC9CFBEE" box="[631,818,1084,1109]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Zonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="hypoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A685DB820FC9CFBEE" box="[631,818,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. hypoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since this synonymy is still accepted as valid, I designate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A6BF2B878FD22FBC6" box="[472,652,1124,1149]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Zonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="hypoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6BF2B878FD22FBC6" box="[472,652,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. c. hypoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EDEAEEA859FF8A68F4B878FCBEFBC5" box="[734,784,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
host for the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C562FCFA859FF8A6E12B878FB46FBC6" box="[1080,1256,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Menoponidae" genus="Menacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922885EA859FF8A6E12B878FB46FBC6" box="[1080,1256,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bonariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |