400 lines
51 KiB
XML
400 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="B0F323CE636517A6F237FCAD58213DCF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207760" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b80cd5db-c2b2-4eda-9e07-e87fce4b65bc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207760" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460259028532" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Akoudjin, Massouroudini & Michel, Bruno" docDate="2011" docId="03E863528020FFE3ECB88FAAFB203EAF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02792p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2792" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Palpares longimaculatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFD11B2A8021FFE7EC2F8E73FF883971" masterDocTitle="A new species of Palpares Rambur (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) with an identification key to the species of West Africa" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698244107980" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="52AEEE0268DC1BDE298772D8F9AC46FB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C671CF1695E83662AC408DD00AD119B">
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<mods:title id="6AE4A228EED2B987C649E56A15740621">A new species of Palpares Rambur (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) with an identification key to the species of West Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="484D53D4C5A15538F91A7DE5605BE105" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C2F96977AA0D54852CD2E6AA98ACCFCE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC54EF9D3B5F203EC9B17C60C775DFEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0F2C57D0C4DFDA9D45B8CED322CE8A4E">Akoudjin, Massouroudini</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FE10E265BFC16DC2811A9209AD63FC62" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="138BFFEE6C66C9284D6D7E7A35411E30">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F62F07084ADBF6B726875ADE4373AAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0527D69BD42800166010F49DD3599E44">Michel, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C1BB2DA87679BB4703ABD99CFA627588">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="E6A210A897229752E1D5C7B5630EB444" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4B330A54D194C2C9AD88FD9DBFA8D37D">
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<mods:title id="5D0F34B1BB49178811034AD16363C320">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4A6E481DB52575A142D7E969223E8259">
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<mods:date id="BA1FD999DC83B7564E8267AFCD816FE5">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B65A7052D799E17BAD6478A5D92189CD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="38AE4AD644157DDEE9FE76DD35888258">2792</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="76C1A46DC22D5FA48CB7A16B90A1C637" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="A89A0B78F17D6BB57EA19ED900164E25">33</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="82AEE1E43864619063FA9E488E225C86">40</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="06F370FCD9CA0B422D5F833E417915BD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A1A41239B075AD4443EDE4C900083848" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.207760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF7FCED8E25F097941D24CEC1BA317D3" type="GBIF-Dataset">b80cd5db-c2b2-4eda-9e07-e87fce4b65bc</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2CAB804B01ACCAA61DF111896EE464D9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="948DEBD75C33B7FC0EB25438AFC5387D" type="Zenodo-Dep">207760</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E863528020FFE3ECB88FAAFB203EAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6185656" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119393022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6185656" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E863528020FFE3ECB88FAAFB203EAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E863528020FFE3ECB88FAAFB203EAF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8020FFE6ECB88FAAFE013B65" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECB88FAAFDA03883" blockId="1.[151,552,472,532]" box="[151,552,472,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0B665288020FFE6ECB88FAAFDA03883" bold="true" box="[151,552,472,499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECB88FAAFDA03883" bold="true" box="[151,552,472,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78020FFE6ECB88FAAFE4B3882" ID-CoL="4C6PV" box="[151,451,473,499]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECB88FAAFE4B3882" bold="true" box="[151,451,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Palpares longimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nov. sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECB88F8FFE013B65" blockId="1.[151,552,472,532]" box="[151,393,508,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6ECB08F8FFE8B3B65" box="[159,259,508,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6ED208F8FFEA53B65" box="[271,301,508,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,822,845]" captionTargetBox="[178,1398,184,794]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,173,809]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Distal palpomere of labium. 15 — P. longimaculatus; 16 — P. kalahariensis; 17 — P. radiatus; 18 — P. i n c o m - modus; 19 — P. cephalotes; 20 — P. obsoletus; 21 — P. digitatus; 22 — P. umbrosus; 23 — P. zebroides; 24 — P. percheronii; 25 — P. nigrescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207763/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6ED168F8FFED03B65" box="[313,344,508,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 37" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 37. Gonarcus-parameres complex (left view when not stipulated). 26 — P. longimaculatus; 27 — P. longimaculatus, caudal view; 28 — P. kalahariensis; 29 — P. radiatus (after Prost, 1995); 30 — P. incommodus; 31 — P. cephalotes; 32 — P. obsoletus (after Michel, 1999); 33 — P. digitatus; 34 — P. umbrosus (after Michel, 1999); 35 — P. percheronii; 36 — P. p e rc h e ronii, dorsal view; 37 — P. nigrescens (after Michel, 1999)." pageId="1" pageNumber="34">26</figureCitation>
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, 27)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8020FFE6ECB88C30FD643A7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECB88C30FD643A7E" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECB88C30FE993B2D" bold="true" box="[151,273,579,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Yellow head bearing a conspicuous black stripe on vertex and occiput extending to metathorax, and a light brown abdomen. Wing narrow. Membrane with pale markings in forewings, mostly restricted to some longitudinal and cross veins. Posterior margin of wings bordered by a conspicuous pseudo-fringe comprising a series of cells delimited by brown veins. In hind wing the longitudinal apical stripe reaches the level of the pterostigma. Terminal segment of labial palpus very slightly clavate at extremity with slit-shaped sensory opening. Gonarcus with a well developed, regularly rounded, hood-shape bulla.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8020FFE6ECE88D68FE573F90" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECE88D68FDA23A26" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECE88D68FED93A45" bold="true" box="[199,337,795,820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
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. Forewing length: 3
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<quantity id="4CB97FA18020FFE6EE668D6FFD4E3A45" box="[585,710,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="49.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="45.0">45–54 mm</quantity>
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; Ƥ
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<quantity id="4CB97FA18020FFE6EEDD8D6FFCE73A45" box="[754,879,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="55.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="55.0">55–56 mm</quantity>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F35692D48020FFE6EF548D6FFC3B3A45" box="[891,947,796,820]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing length: 3
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<quantity id="4CB97FA18020FFE6E85E8D6FFB663A45" box="[1137,1262,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="41.0">41–50 mm</quantity>
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; Ƥ
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<quantity id="4CB97FA18020FFE6E9348D6FFA103A45" box="[1307,1432,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="52.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="51.0">51–53 mm</quantity>
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. Abdomen: 3
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<quantity id="4CB97FA18020FFE6ED1F8D4CFE243A26" box="[304,428,831,855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="41.0">41–46 mm</quantity>
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; Ƥ
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<quantity id="4CB97FA18020FFE6EDFB8D4CFDAE3A26" box="[468,550,831,855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECEA8D17FC213A96" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECEA8D17FE843A0D" bold="true" box="[197,268,868,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Head.</emphasis>
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Face pale yellow. Vertex moderately inflated. Vertex and occiput light brown with a large brown longitudinal stripe extending on the membrane between head and prothorax. Apical segment of labial palpus yellowish, very slightly clavate and shortly pointed at apex. Palpimacula with slit-like opening, limited to clavate part (
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6E9418DDFFF3E3A96" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,822,845]" captionTargetBox="[178,1398,184,794]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,173,809]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Distal palpomere of labium. 15 — P. longimaculatus; 16 — P. kalahariensis; 17 — P. radiatus; 18 — P. i n c o m - modus; 19 — P. cephalotes; 20 — P. obsoletus; 21 — P. digitatus; 22 — P. umbrosus; 23 — P. zebroides; 24 — P. percheronii; 25 — P. nigrescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207763/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). Antennal scape yellow. Pedicel light brown. Flagellomeres black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECE18D87FBAD3D09" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECE18D87FEA53D7D" bold="true" box="[206,301,1012,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Pronotum yellow with a median brown stripe. Brown laterally. Anterior and posterior margin with long thin light brown setae. Mesothorax yellow with a broad median brown stripe and two lateral narrower brown stripes on mesoscutum. Metathorax yellow with a median brown stripe and two light brown spots on the disc of the metascutum. Meso and metathorax covered laterally with dense long white setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECE08AF7FD553DCE" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECE08AF7FE863DED" bold="true" box="[207,270,1156,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Legs.</emphasis>
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Coxae yellow. Femora yellow, brown dorsally. Tibiae coloration uniform varying from yellowish to light brown. Anterior tibiae paler. Tarsi dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECEA8AB8FE0B3F78" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECEA8AB8FE853D95" bold="true" box="[197,269,1227,1252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Wing.</emphasis>
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Narrow, with the posterior margin slightly less convex in female than in male. Fore and hind wings with a well delimited row of cells along the posterior margin, like a pseudo-fringe, extending from origin of recurrent vein to middle of apical stripe, not reaching apex of wings. Membrane hyaline with most longitudinal veins entirely or mainly brown except branches of Rs which are brown apically only. Remaining longitudinal and cross veins pale.
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<collectingCountry id="F35692D48020FFE6ECFB8B2FFE843C05" box="[212,268,1372,1396]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing with more conspicuous markings, the first marking close to origin of the recurrent vein extending from M1 to first branch of recurrent vein, paler between anterior branch of M2 and recurrent vein. Second marking discal, limited by Rs and 3rd branch of recurrent vein. Third marking between branches of Rs fork. Fourth marking striped, extending from level of pterostigma to apex of wing, separated from precedent marking by one or two rows of cells only (
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6ED1E8B82FEFE3F78" box="[305,374,1521,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECE88866FE573F90" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECE88866FECB3F5F" bold="true" box="[199,323,1557,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Light brown. Each tergite variably darker dorsally. Male tergites II to IV with long slender erect setae becoming stouter on distal part of tergite IV. Tergites V and VI with lateral pilosity only. Tergites VII and VIII glabrous. In female all setae are short and stout except laterally on tergite II where they are longer and more slen- der. Ectoproct of male slightly curved with two stout spine-like setae at base of the post-ventral lobe and a brushlike patch of stout setae on inner surface extending on the distal half (
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6EFE088D6FB993FCC" box="[975,1041,1701,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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b). Gonarcus with well-developed hood-like bulla (
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<figureCitation id="137ACEC18020FFE6ED7F88BAFE5B3F90" box="[336,467,1737,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 37" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 37. Gonarcus-parameres complex (left view when not stipulated). 26 — P. longimaculatus; 27 — P. longimaculatus, caudal view; 28 — P. kalahariensis; 29 — P. radiatus (after Prost, 1995); 30 — P. incommodus; 31 — P. cephalotes; 32 — P. obsoletus (after Michel, 1999); 33 — P. digitatus; 34 — P. umbrosus (after Michel, 1999); 35 — P. percheronii; 36 — P. p e rc h e ronii, dorsal view; 37 — P. nigrescens (after Michel, 1999)." pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8020FFE6ECE8889DFAED3EC8" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECE8889DFD553E3C" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECE8889DFE623E77" bold="true" box="[199,490,1773,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FA6CE68020FFE6ECE8889DFE883E77" box="[199,256,1774,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
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||
<typeStatus id="54FA6CE68020FFE6ED52889DFE623E77" box="[381,490,1774,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3,
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<collectingCountry id="F35692D48020FFE6EE39889DFD6D3E74" box="[534,741,1773,1798]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">BURKINA FASO</collectingCountry>
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||
, Bobo-Dioulasso (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6EF97889EFBAA3E74" box="[952,1058,1773,1797]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="11.116667">11°07’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6E81D889EFB113E74" box="[1074,1177,1773,1797]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-4.7">04°42’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
|
||
<date id="FFFFF4848020FFE6E882889EFAA03E74" box="[1197,1320,1773,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" value="2009-06-04">04.vi.2009</date>
|
||
, light-trap between 07:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. (coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED504A818020FFE6EE458962FD4E3E58" box="[618,710,1809,1833]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5ikt-qrvp" name="Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">CIRAD</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FA6CE68020FFE6EEF78961FCD83E5B" box="[728,848,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6EEF78961FCD83E5B" bold="true" box="[728,848,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Paratypes</emphasis>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
. 3 3 and 2 ƤƤ, same data as
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||
<typeStatus id="54FA6CE68020FFE6E89B8962FA913E58" box="[1204,1305,1809,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except one male collected with entomological net at 05:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4719CD8020FFE6EEA98946FD373E3C" box="[646,703,1845,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="generic">30 p.</specimenCount>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448020FFE6ECEA892AFAED3EC8" blockId="1.[151,1437,579,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6ECEA892AFE343E03" bold="true" box="[197,444,1881,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48020FFE6EDE8892AFDC13E00" box="[455,585,1881,1905]" name="Senegal" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">SENEGAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 13, Tiaroye (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6EED7892AFCD33E00" box="[760,859,1881,1905]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="14.733334">14°44’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6EF43892AFC5A3E00" box="[876,978,1881,1905]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-17.35">17°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFFFF4848020FFE6EFC5892AFBC93E00" box="[1002,1089,1881,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" value="1923-06">vi.1923</date>
|
||
, Millet-Horsin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED504A818020FFE6E8D1892AFAD23E00" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1278,1370,1881,1905]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƥ, M’Bayakh (= Bayakh) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6ED84890EFD843EE4" box="[427,524,1917,1941]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="14.816667">14°49’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6EE32890EFD0C3EE4" box="[541,644,1917,1941]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-17.133333">17°08’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFFFF4848020FFE6EEB4890EFC953EE4" box="[667,797,1917,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" value="1982-07-19">19.vii.1982</date>
|
||
, Niayes region, B. Sigwalt leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED504A818020FFE6E8B9890EFB7A3EE4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1174,1266,1917,1941]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ƥ (picture), Noflaye (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6ED2E89D2FEEA3EC8" box="[257,354,1953,1977]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="14.783334">14°47’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE75B4838020FFE6ED5C89D2FE523EC8" box="[371,474,1953,1977]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-17.2">17°12’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFFFF4848020FFE6EDC189D2FDC33EC8" box="[494,587,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" value="1971-07">vii.1971</date>
|
||
(coll. A. Prost) (this specimen is figured as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78020FFE6E81689D0FB393ECB" box="[1081,1201,1954,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568020FFE6E81689D0FB393ECB" box="[1081,1201,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">P. radiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0AFB58020FFE6E8FA89D1FAD13EC8" author="Prost" box="[1237,1369,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" refString="Prost, A. (1995) Revision des Palparinae d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 100, 79 - 107." type="journal article" year="1995">Prost, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3E82CC8023FFE5ECB889E0FEA73E96" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448023FFE5ECB889E0FEA73E96" blockId="2.[151,1436,1938,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5ECB889E0FEB43ED8" bold="true" box="[151,316,1939,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5ED6B89E7FE163EDB" box="[324,414,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5ED6B89E7FE163EDB" box="[324,414,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Palpares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 1a—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5EE2689E6FD483EDB" box="[521,704,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5EE2689E6FD483EDB" box="[521,704,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype 3; 1b—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5EFAB89E6FBB33EDB" box="[900,1083,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5EFAB89E6FBB33EDB" box="[900,1083,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right ectoproct, inner face; 2—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5E9A689E6FEBB3EB8" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5E9A689E6FEBB3EB8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5EE8C89C7FCCB3EB8" box="[675,835,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalahariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5EE8C89C7FCCB3EB8" box="[675,835,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. kalahariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ƥ (from South Africa); 4—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5E87189C7FB423EB8" box="[1118,1226,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5E87189C7FB423EB8" box="[1118,1226,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. radiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3; 5—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78023FFE5E93989C7FA0B3EB8" box="[1302,1411,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568023FFE5E93989C7FA0B3EB8" box="[1302,1411,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. radiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ƥ (coll. MNHN).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8022FFE4ECE88EE4FDA63B9E" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448022FFE4ECE88EE4FDA63B9E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ECE88EE4FE7D39C1" bold="true" box="[199,501,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Distribution and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
To date, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EF2F8EEBFB9239C1" box="[768,1050,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EF2F8EEBFB9239C1" box="[768,1050,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Palpares longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nov. sp. have only been recorded from the region of Dakar and from Bobo-Dioulasso (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4EECA8ECFFCA139A5" box="[741,809,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1450,1473]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,843,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,836,1430]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 6. Collect localities of Palpares longimaculatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); it is not known whether these populations are contiguous or isolated from each other. Despite the intensive prospecting carried out during six years by the second author,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4ECB88F76FED7386D" box="[151,351,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ECB88F76FED7386D" box="[151,351,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nov. sp. has never been collected in the region of Sikasso in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48022FFE4E8428F77FB2A386D" box="[1133,1186,260,284]" name="Serbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0AFB58022FFE4E89E8F77FAC1386D" author="Michel" box="[1201,1353,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Michel, B. (1999) Biodiversite et ecologie des Palparinae du sud du Mali (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 104, 45 - 52." type="journal article" year="1999">Michel, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which is only
|
||
<quantity id="4CB97FA18022FFE4ECC68F54FEB5384E" box="[233,317,295,319]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="170.0">170 km</quantity>
|
||
from Bobo-Dioulasso and with quite similar climatic conditions. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48022FFE4E8158F54FB1B384E" box="[1082,1171,295,319]" name="Senegal" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
the collection localities are located in the extreme South of the Niayes region where the climate is characterised by the alternation of a dry season from October to June and a rainy season from July to September, with an annual rainfall of around
|
||
<quantity id="4CB97FA18022FFE4E9168F1CFA1038F6" box="[1337,1432,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The climate here is quite different from the region of Bobo-Dioulasso, where the rainy season extends from May to October with an annual rainfall of around
|
||
<quantity id="4CB97FA18022FFE4EE408FC4FD5538BE" box="[623,733,439,463]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Despite the low rainfall, the Niayes region is characterized by high relative humidity due to the proximity of the ocean and to the exposure of the water table. This region was previously more humid than at present and it is known for harbouring Sudano-Guinean relictual species of plants that persisted during the successive climatic conditions since the early Holocene (ca. 10,000 years BP) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0AFB58022FFE4E9688C57FF5A3B2E" author="Lezine" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Lezine, A. M. (1989) Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate of Sahel. Quaternary Research, 32, 317 - 334." type="journal article" year="1989">Lézine, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0AFB58022FFE4ECF18C34FDAC3B2E" author="Lezine" box="[222,548,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Lezine, A. M. & Chateauneuf, J. J. (1991) Peat in the " Niayes " of Senegal: depositional environment and Holocene evolution. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 12, 171 - 179." type="journal article" year="1991">Lézine & Chateauneuf, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0AFB58022FFE4EE1F8C34FC863B2E" author="Maugis" box="[560,782,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Maugis, P., Aguiar, L. & Grenier, C. (2009) Hydrological modeling as a tool supporting the interpretation of pollen proxies for palaeoclimate reconstitution: The Senegalese " niayes " case-study. C. R. Geoscience, 341, 783 - 793." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Maugis
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EEA48C3AFD343B11" box="[651,700,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This could be the case for the population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4E9208C3AFF543BF5" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E9208C3AFF543BF5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nov. sp., but knowledge of the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EECD8C1FFC133BF5" box="[738,923,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmeleontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in West Africa is too poor to make clear conclusions. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48022FFE4ED318CFCFE3C3BD6" box="[286,436,655,679]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4ED958CE2FD0A3BD9" box="[442,642,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ED958CE2FD0A3BD9" box="[442,642,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nov. sp.was collected in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4E87C8CE2FB5D3BD9" box="[1107,1237,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E87C8CE2FB5D3BD9" box="[1107,1237,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. spectrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dry savanna. It should be noted that in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48022FFE4EE3B8CC7FDC13BBD" box="[532,585,692,716]" name="Serbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
the intense collecting showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EFCD8CC6FBEF3BBD" box="[994,1127,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EFCD8CC6FBEF3BBD" box="[994,1127,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. spectrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often associated with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E9A88CC6FEA43B81" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4E9A88CC6FEA03B81" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incommodus">P. incommodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The larva is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3E82CC8022FFE4ECB88BD9FD603CB0" box="[151,744,1450,1473]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[157,1430,843,1422]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448022FFE4ECB88BD9FD603CB0" blockId="3.[151,744,1450,1473]" box="[151,744,1450,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ECB88BD9FE9A3CB1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1450,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Collect localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EDCA8BD8FD6A3CB0" box="[485,738,1451,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EDCA8BD8FD6A3CB0" box="[485,738,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Palpares longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8022FFE4ECE88B9DFC4A3F77" box="[199,962,1518,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448022FFE4ECE88B9DFC4A3F77" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1974]" box="[199,962,1518,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ECE88B9DFEC63F77" bold="true" box="[199,334,1518,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Referring to the length of the apical stripe of the wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B81CF8022FFE3ECE88861FB203EAF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448022FFE4ECE88861FEE33EC7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ECE88861FEB33F58" bold="true" box="[199,315,1554,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4ED6A8861FDE83F5B" box="[325,608,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ED6A8861FDE83F5B" box="[325,608,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Palpares longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EE458861FD4E3F5B" bold="true" box="[618,710,1554,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EF8E8860FBDE3F5B" box="[929,1110,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalahariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EF8E8860FBDE3F5B" box="[929,1110,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. kalahariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4E8468862FB263F58" box="[1129,1198,1553,1577]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48022FFE4E92D8862FA113F58" box="[1282,1433,1553,1577]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These species can be distinguished by the length of the apical stripe in the wings, the shape of the last palpomere of the labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4ED31882AFE173F00" box="[286,415,1625,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,822,845]" captionTargetBox="[178,1398,184,794]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,173,809]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Distal palpomere of labium. 15 — P. longimaculatus; 16 — P. kalahariensis; 17 — P. radiatus; 18 — P. i n c o m - modus; 19 — P. cephalotes; 20 — P. obsoletus; 21 — P. digitatus; 22 — P. umbrosus; 23 — P. zebroides; 24 — P. percheronii; 25 — P. nigrescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207763/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the shape of the gonarcus-parameres complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4EFDD882AFBFF3F00" box="[1010,1143,1625,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 37" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 37. Gonarcus-parameres complex (left view when not stipulated). 26 — P. longimaculatus; 27 — P. longimaculatus, caudal view; 28 — P. kalahariensis; 29 — P. radiatus (after Prost, 1995); 30 — P. incommodus; 31 — P. cephalotes; 32 — P. obsoletus (after Michel, 1999); 33 — P. digitatus; 34 — P. umbrosus (after Michel, 1999); 35 — P. percheronii; 36 — P. p e rc h e ronii, dorsal view; 37 — P. nigrescens (after Michel, 1999)." pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 26, 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the female of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E9698828FE8C3FE7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. k a l a - hariensis,</emphasis>
|
||
the posterior margin of the wings is more convex than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EFB7880CFBE83FE7" box="[920,1120,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EFB7880CFBE83FE7" box="[920,1120,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4E9A8880CFEA63FCB" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalahariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E9A8880CFEA63FCB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. kalahariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we examined the wing markings are more extensive and conspicuous than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4E8FB88D0FA143FCB" box="[1236,1436,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E8FB88D0FA143FCB" box="[1236,1436,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4ECB088B5FEAC3FAF" box="[159,292,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 1, 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EDE288B4FDC03FAF" box="[461,584,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EDE288B4FDC03FAF" box="[461,584,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. radiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
very strongly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4EF4988B4FBB83FAF" box="[870,1072,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4EF4988B4FBB83FAF" box="[870,1072,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4E86F88B5FB2F3FAF" box="[1088,1191,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 1, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: distal palpomere of labium more enlarged on the distal third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4ECB0897DFEA93E57" box="[159,289,1806,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,822,845]" captionTargetBox="[178,1398,184,794]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,173,809]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Distal palpomere of labium. 15 — P. longimaculatus; 16 — P. kalahariensis; 17 — P. radiatus; 18 — P. i n c o m - modus; 19 — P. cephalotes; 20 — P. obsoletus; 21 — P. digitatus; 22 — P. umbrosus; 23 — P. zebroides; 24 — P. percheronii; 25 — P. nigrescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207763/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 15, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), apical stripe of hind wing short, shape of the gonarcus-parameres complex which was similar to the figure published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0AFB58022FFE4ED588941FD8A3E38" author="Prost" box="[375,514,1841,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Prost, A. (1995) Revision des Palparinae d'Afrique de l'Ouest (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 100, 79 - 107." type="journal article" year="1995">Prost (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4EE3F8942FD183E38" box="[528,656,1841,1865]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 37" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 37. Gonarcus-parameres complex (left view when not stipulated). 26 — P. longimaculatus; 27 — P. longimaculatus, caudal view; 28 — P. kalahariensis; 29 — P. radiatus (after Prost, 1995); 30 — P. incommodus; 31 — P. cephalotes; 32 — P. obsoletus (after Michel, 1999); 33 — P. digitatus; 34 — P. umbrosus (after Michel, 1999); 35 — P. percheronii; 36 — P. p e rc h e ronii, dorsal view; 37 — P. nigrescens (after Michel, 1999)." pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 26, 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35692D48022FFE4EF708942FC1C3E38" box="[863,916,1841,1865]" name="Serbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
we dissected.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4E8188940FB773E3B" box="[1079,1279,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4E8188940FB773E3B" box="[1079,1279,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. longimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78022FFE4ED1E8924FE513E1F" box="[305,473,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incommodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568022FFE4ED1E8924FE513E1F" box="[305,473,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. incommodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: presence of a conspicuous pseudo-fringe along the posterior margin of the wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4ED9D890AFD9D3EE0" box="[434,533,1913,1937]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[189,1394,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Palpares spp. 1 a— P. longimaculatus, holotype 3; 1 b— P. longimaculatus, right ectoproct, inner face; 2 — P. longimaculatus, paratype Ƥ (as = apical stripe); 3 — P. kalahariensis Ƥ (from South Africa); 4 — P. radiatus 3; 5 — P. radiatus Ƥ (coll. MNHN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207761/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, 7), the less slender distal palpomere of labium and the rounded gonarcal bulla of male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137ACEC18022FFE4ECF389EDFED73EC7" box="[220,351,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 37" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 37. Gonarcus-parameres complex (left view when not stipulated). 26 — P. longimaculatus; 27 — P. longimaculatus, caudal view; 28 — P. kalahariensis; 29 — P. radiatus (after Prost, 1995); 30 — P. incommodus; 31 — P. cephalotes; 32 — P. obsoletus (after Michel, 1999); 33 — P. digitatus; 34 — P. umbrosus (after Michel, 1999); 35 — P. percheronii; 36 — P. p e rc h e ronii, dorsal view; 37 — P. nigrescens (after Michel, 1999)." pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figs 26, 30</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFED2448025FFE3ECB889DAFB203EAF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1961,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3ECB889DAFECF3ECF" bold="true" box="[151,327,1961,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 7–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3ED6289DAFE2F3ECE" box="[333,423,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3ED6289DAFE2F3ECE" box="[333,423,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Palpares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 7—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3EE2C89D9FD143ECE" box="[515,668,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incommodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3EE2C89D9FD143ECE" box="[515,668,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. incommodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3; 8—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3EEC689D9FCE63ECE" box="[745,878,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3EEC689D9FCE63ECE" box="[745,878,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. cephalotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3 (coll. MNHN); 9—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3E87E89D9FB423ECE" box="[1105,1226,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3E87E89D9FB423ECE" box="[1105,1226,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3; 10—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3E90C89D9FA143ECE" box="[1315,1436,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3E90C89D9FA143ECE" box="[1315,1436,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. zebroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ƥ (coll. MNHN); 11—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3EDAF89BAFE7A3EAF" box="[384,498,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3EDAF89BAFE7A3EAF" box="[384,498,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. digitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ƥ; 12—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3EE6489BAFD4E3EAF" box="[587,710,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3EE6489BAFD4E3EAF" box="[587,710,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. umbrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ƥ; 13—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3EF3189BAFC223EAF" box="[798,938,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Parapalpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="percheronii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3EF3189BAFC223EAF" box="[798,938,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. percheronii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3; 14—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C41A9C78025FFE3E82A89BAFB003EAF" box="[1029,1160,1993,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9350E568025FFE3E82A89BAFB003EAF" box="[1029,1160,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |