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<document id="EB605887990596BCA155F344D978A23B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5757567" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757567" ID-ZooBank="272A8C9D-6190-4E24-A4E2-2981985266B2" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630110387254" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Archangelsky, Miguel, Rodriguez, Georgina, Torres, Patricia L. M., Liesa, Ciemep-Conicet, Dbbe &amp; FCEyN" docDate="2016" docId="03E687B3FF9BFFEFFE59FE7ABEF486AA" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2016.56.1.167-193.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Phaenonotum exstriatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="190" masterDocId="FFDFFFCBFF95FFF8FFEBFFA1BF418431" masterDocTitle="Primary chaetotaxy and larval morphometry of Phaenonotum exstriatum and Dactylosternum cacti (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1699154889022" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1D43E592C70F7276C69954FD9D62FCC6">Primary chaetotaxy and larval morphometry of Phaenonotum exstriatum and Dactylosternum cacti (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B1E0EFB37C81E42590B8F951F21330B">Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal (LIESA). CIEMEP-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia, San Juan Bosco. 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina; e-mail: hydrophilinae @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C13D80DD28601CF7B4B4AE44B8910FF">Rodriguez, Georgina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52A4ED9C05FAC336F0922DBCAB1EA337">Laboratorio de Entomología, DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: georginarodriguez 87 @ gmail. com &amp; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA; e-mail: patricialmtorres @ yahoo. com. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A6356350F31B861C8F9C21A7526FF65D">Torres, Patricia L. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8A136807AAE4650ADD3515F429FE3685">Laboratorio de Entomología, DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: georginarodriguez 87 @ gmail. com &amp; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA; e-mail: patricialmtorres @ yahoo. com. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C355652EFF9BFFF6FE59FE7ABD238663" pageId="14" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF9BFFF6FE59FE7ABC0D85C2" blockId="14.[434,844,475,499]" box="[434,844,475,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">
<heading id="D0B881C9FF9BFFF6FE59FE7ABC0D85C2" bold="true" box="[434,844,475,499]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="181" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF9BFFF6FE59FE7ABC0D85C2" ID-CoL="4FM3P" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[434,844,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FE59FE7ABC0D85C2" bold="true" box="[434,844,475,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FE59FE7ABD8885C2" bold="true" box="[434,713,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
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<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF9BFFF6FF7CFDA8BD238663" blockId="14.[151,1126,521,594]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FF7CFDA8BE76862D" bold="true" box="[151,311,521,540]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Examined larvae.</emphasis>
Seven L1, four L2 and seven L3 reared from the adults collected in the following locality:
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FBDEFDA8BFBE8606" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF9BFFF6FBDEFDA8BB22862D" box="[1077,1123,521,540]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="498BF847FF9BFFF6FF7CFD85BFB98604" box="[151,248,548,567]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">OKLAHOMA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Latimer Co.,
<date id="FFF11065FF9BFFF6FE9EFD85BEF68606" box="[373,439,548,567]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181" value="1990-06">vi.1990</date>
, K. Stephan lgt.Adults and larvae were reared in laboratory and the complete life cycle was obtained (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B54FF9BFFF6FEAEFD9EBD198663" author="ARCHANGELSKY M. &amp; DURAND M. E." box="[325,600,575,594]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181" pagination="209 - 215" refId="ref9663" refString="ARCHANGELSKY M. &amp; DURAND M. E. 1992: Description of the immature stages and biology of Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835) (Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae). Coleopterists Bulletin 46: 209 - 215." type="journal article" year="1992">ARCHANGELSKY &amp; DURAND 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C355652EFF9BFFEFFF7CFDCBBEF486AA" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="14" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF9BFFF6FF7CFDCBBD048130" blockId="14.[151,1127,618,1601]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FF7CFDCBBE1A86B0" bold="true" box="[151,347,618,641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">First instar larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FE81FDCBBEA986B0" box="[362,488,618,641]" captionStart-0="Figs 3334" captionStart-1="Figs 3537" captionStart-2="Figs 3841" captionStart-3="Figs 4243" captionStartId-0="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionStartId-2="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionStartId-3="19.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox-0="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetBox-3="[221,965,224,1232]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetId-3="figure-102@19.[215,988,219,1240]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." captionText-2="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." captionText-3="Figs 4243. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), prothoracic leg of first instar larva. 42 anterior view; 43 posterior view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757593" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5757593/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 3343</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FE10FDCBBD2E86B3" bold="true" box="[507,623,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head capsule subquadrate to slightly suboval; frontal lines inversely bell-shaped, merging just before occipital foramen, coronal line present, extremely short (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FEA6FD0BBEDF86F0" box="[333,414,682,705]" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
); clypeolabrum symmetrical, bearing three short teeth, middle one projecting farther than lateral ones (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FDECFD6BBD1986D0" box="[519,600,714,737]" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FD8AFD6BBD3E86D0" box="[609,639,714,737]" captionStart="Figs 3537" captionStartId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">35</figureCitation>
); lateral lobes of epistome almost symmetrical, projecting farther than nasale, slightly serrated on inner margin, with a sharp short spine on outer angle pointing mediad (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FE39FCABBD648710" box="[466,549,778,801]" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FDDAFCABBD0E8710" box="[561,591,778,801]" captionStart="Figs 3537" captionStartId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">35</figureCitation>
); posterior tentorial grooves close to midline, past midlength, just behind submentum (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FDFEFC8BBD248770" box="[533,613,810,833]" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Cervical sclerites present, narrow and elongate (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FF74FCEBBFAF8750" box="[159,238,842,865]" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
). Antenna short (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FE49FCEBBEAD8750" box="[418,492,842,865]" captionStart="Figs 3537" captionStartId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Fig 36</figureCitation>
), basal antennomere the longest, sensory appendage as long as third antennomere. Mandibles symmetrical (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FD6EFCCBBD9387B0" box="[645,722,874,897]" captionStart="Figs 3537" captionStartId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
), with two inner teeth and inner border serrated. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FEB5FC2BBE9D8790" box="[350,476,906,929]" captionStart="Figs 3841" captionStartId="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionTargetBox="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
) with large stipes, longer than palpus, with strong cuticular spines on outer face dorsally and an apical stout and sharp projection on inner margin; first and fourth palpomeres subequal in length, longer than second and third. Labium with submentum fused to head capsule, subtriangular; mentum slightly wider than prementum, with strong cuticular spines dorsally (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FE4DFBABBEB48010" box="[422,501,1034,1057]" captionStart="Figs 3841" captionStartId="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionTargetBox="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); basal palpomere the shortest, membranous area at base of both palpomeres with sharp cuticular spines; ligula twice as long as first palpomere (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FBFBFB8BBFF48050" captionStart="Figs 3841" captionStartId="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionTargetBox="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 40, 41</figureCitation>
). Pronotal plate large, covering most of pronotum; those of meso- and metathorax shorter (see Figs 4, 6, third instar larva). First abdominal segment dorsally with a pair of narrow, poorly sclerotized sclerites (Figs 4, 6, third instar larva); dorsal plate on abdominal segment eight subdivided (Fig. 4, third instar larva); abdominal segments two to seven ventrally not strongly lobed (Figs 5, 6, third instar larva), with two rows of short spines but not “prolegs”; legs short, five-segmented (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FE56FB4BBD788130" box="[445,569,1258,1281]" captionStart="Figs 4243" captionStartId="19.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[221,965,224,1232]" captionTargetId="figure-102@19.[215,988,219,1240]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 4243. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), prothoracic leg of first instar larva. 42 anterior view; 43 posterior view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757593/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 42, 43</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF9BFFF6FF5EFAABBDFF8150" blockId="14.[151,1127,618,1601]" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Chaetotaxy. Setae PA8, PA9, PA14, PA16, PA21, PA28, FR6, FR10, FR8 and AN10 branched (as in Fig 8); setae PA7, PA12, PA13 closely aggregated; seta AN9 absent; inner margin of stipes with row of additional bifid setae (gMX2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF9BFFEAFF5EFACBBC8F8542" blockId="14.[151,1127,618,1601]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1127,220,1587]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FF5EFACBBECC81B0" bold="true" box="[181,397,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Primary chaetotaxy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FE70FACBBD5981B0" box="[411,536,1386,1409]" captionStart-0="Figs 3334" captionStart-1="Figs 3537" captionStart-2="Figs 3841" captionStart-3="Figs 4243" captionStartId-0="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionStartId-2="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionStartId-3="19.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox-0="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetBox-3="[221,965,224,1232]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetId-3="figure-102@19.[215,988,219,1240]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." captionText-2="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." captionText-3="Figs 4243. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), prothoracic leg of first instar larva. 42 anterior view; 43 posterior view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757593" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5757593/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 3343</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9BFFF6FDC1FACBBDFA81B0" box="[554,699,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Head capsule</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF9BFFF6FD21FACBBC0681B0" box="[714,839,1386,1409]" captionStart-0="Figs 3334" captionStart-1="Figs 3537" captionStartId-0="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox-0="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="181">Figs 3335</figureCitation>
). Frontale with 30 sensilla: two short setae on basal third, close to frontal lines (FR1); two pores (FR2) and two minute setae (FR3) closer to midline on distal half; five pairs of setae (FR5 short, FR6 short and branched, FR7 short, FR9 short, FR10 short and branched) and two pairs of pores (FR4, FR14) close to base of each antenna; distal area of frontale with two pairs of setae (FR8 short and branched, FR12 very short) and three pairs of pores (FR11, FR13, FR15); nasale with six short and stout setae (gFR1), each epistomal lobe with two anterior setae pointing mediad (gFR2). Each parietale with 30 sensilla. Dorsal surface: with a basal longitudinal row of four very short setae (PA1, PA2, PA4, PA5) and one pore (PA3); one subbasal pore (PA6) close to frontal line; three closely aggregated long setae at midlength (PA7, PA12, PA13); two pores (PA10, PA15) and two setae at distal third (PA11 short, PA14 rather long and branched) in the area surrounding the stemmata; one short branched seta close to frontal line behind antennal socket (PA8) and one pore (PA19) and three setae on anterolateral corner of head capsule (PA9 rather long and branched, PA20 long, and PA21 rather long and branched). Ventral surface with three pores (PA23, PA24, PA25) and one long seta (PA22) on anterolateral corner, close to mandibular acetabulum; two pores (PA17, PA30) and two setae (PA16 rather long and branched, PA18 long) along outer margin; two pores (PA27, PA29) and two setae (PA26 short, PA 28 rather long and branched) forming a longitudinal row closer to midline, PA26, PA27 and PA28 very close together at about midlength, PA29 at basal fourth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF30662DFF9AFFF7FF9AF9A4BEB38202" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="182" startId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" targetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF9AFFF7FF9AF9A4BEB38202" blockId="15.[113,1088,1541,1587]" pageId="15" pageNumber="182">
Figs 3334.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF9AFFF7FF32F9A4BD548229" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[217,533,1541,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF9AFFF7FF32F9A4BEEF8229" box="[217,430,1541,1560]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="182">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF30662DFF85FFE8FF7CFB4ABC228128" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="183" startId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" targetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF85FFE8FF7CFB4ABC228128" blockId="16.[151,1126,1259,1305]" pageId="16" pageNumber="183">
Figs 3537.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF85FFE8FEE9FB4ABD0380CF" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[258,578,1259,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF85FFE8FEE9FB4ABE9880CF" box="[258,473,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="183">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF30662DFF84FFE9FF9AF9A6BCB18204" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="184" startId="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" targetBox="[176,1026,226,1510]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF84FFE9FF9AF9A6BCB18204" blockId="17.[113,1089,1543,1589]" pageId="17" pageNumber="184">
Figs 3841.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF84FFE9FF32F9A6BD54822B" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[217,533,1543,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF84FFE9FF32F9A6BEEF822B" box="[217,430,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="184">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF87FFEAFF5EFEDDBCF68602" blockId="18.[151,1127,220,1587]" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF87FFEAFF5EFEDDBE4F85A2" box="[181,270,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF87FFEAFEF6FEDDBE2D85A2" box="[285,364,380,403]" captionStart="Figs 3537" captionStartId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). A1 bare, with five pores, four on dorsal face (AN1 basal on outer margin, AN2 at midlength, AN3 distally on outer margin, AN4 distally on inner margin) and one on ventral face (AN5 on inner distal margin). A2 with one dorsal pore (AN6) on distal half, two subapical setae (AN7 short, AN8 minute) on outer margin close to base of SE1, and two subapical setae on inner margin (AN10 long and branched, AN11 short); AN9 absent. A3 with a group of at least six setae (two long, one short and three very short).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF87FFEAFF5EFD9DBE668682" blockId="18.[151,1127,220,1587]" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF87FFEAFF5EFD9DBE5A8662" box="[181,283,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF87FFEAFEC2FD9DBE378662" box="[297,374,572,595]" captionStart="Figs 3537" captionStartId="16.[151,188,1259,1278]" captionTargetBox="[232,1065,225,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@16.[207,1071,203,1246]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 3537. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 35 detail of clypeolabrum; 36 left antenna, dorsal view; 37 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757589/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) with six sensilla, one short seta on outer face at basal third (MN1), one minute seta on outer margin at distal quarter (MN5), and three dorsal pores at level of distal retinaculum (MN2, MN3, MN4). MN6 minute, difficult to see, located subapically close to inner margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF87FFEAFF5EFD1DBD0280E2" blockId="18.[151,1127,220,1587]" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF87FFEAFF5EFD1DBE4986E2" box="[181,264,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF87FFEAFEF3FD1DBED686E2" box="[280,407,700,723]" captionStart="Figs 3841" captionStartId="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionTargetBox="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Figs 3839</figureCitation>
). Cardo with one rather long seta (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFCFFFD1DBC0686E2" box="[788,839,700,723]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
1). Stipes with a row of 14 short and stout setae, distal 13 (gMX2) bearing a subapical spine and separated by a longer distance, becoming closer to each other basally, basal seta simple (homologous to
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFBCEFD5DBB138722" box="[1061,1106,764,787]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
7) slightly more distant from others; apical outer face of stipes with two long setae (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFC0BFCBDBB4C8702" box="[992,1037,796,819]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
6 dorsal,
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFF7CFC9DBF858762" box="[151,196,828,851]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
5 ventral) and one pore (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFE21FC9DBEB68762" box="[458,503,828,851]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
4 ventral); ventral face with two pores (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFC74FC9DBC8D8762" box="[927,972,828,851]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
2 at midlength closer to outer margin,
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFE63FCFDBEF48742" box="[392,437,860,883]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
3 more distally and closer to inner margin). MP1 dorsally with one subbasal rather long seta (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFE45FCDDBE9C87A2" box="[430,477,892,915]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
16) on inner margin and one pore close to base of appendage (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFF74FC3DBF918782" box="[159,208,924,947]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
17); ventrally with two long subapical setae (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFD44FC3DBD9E8782" box="[687,735,924,947]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
13,
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFCE8FC3DBC708782" box="[771,817,924,947]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
14) and two pores (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFC15FC3DBB6D8782" box="[1022,1068,924,947]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
12 on outer margin,
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFECCFC1DBE1587E2" box="[295,340,956,979]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
15 at base of appendage); inner appendage with at least three sensoria (gAPP, one rather long seta, one short branched seta, one short stout seta). MP2 with two pores, one dorsal and apical on inner margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFDF3FC5DBD068022" box="[536,583,1020,1043]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
19) and one ventral on outer margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFC0AFC5DBB508022" box="[993,1041,1020,1043]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
18), and one minute seta basally on outer margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFDB8FBBDBDC18002" box="[595,640,1052,1075]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
27). MP3 with two rather long setae and two pores, one seta dorsal, on outer margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFDAFFB9DBD328062" box="[580,627,1084,1107]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
23), the other ventral on inner margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFBFBFB9DBB018062" box="[1040,1088,1084,1107]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
21); both pores on ventral surface, one close to outer margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFD12FBFDBC678042" box="[761,806,1116,1139]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
20) the other (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFC56FBFDBCAB8042" box="[957,1002,1116,1139]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
22) close to seta
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFF23FBDDBFB680A2" box="[200,247,1148,1171]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
21. MP4 with one rather long basal seta dorsally on inner margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFC51FBDDBCA680A2" box="[954,999,1148,1171]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
24) and two subapical pores on outer margin (
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFDE8FB3DBD718082" box="[515,560,1180,1203]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
25 digitiform and dorsal,
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF87FFEAFCAEFB3DBC308082" box="[837,881,1180,1203]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">MX</collectingCountry>
26 ventral); a group of six or seven short setae constitute gMX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF87FFEAFF5EFB7DBB268202" blockId="18.[151,1127,220,1587]" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF87FFEAFF5EFB7DBE4780C2" box="[181,262,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF87FFEAFEFCFB7DBE2D80C2" box="[279,364,1244,1267]" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Figs 34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF87FFEAFE92FB7DBE8080C2" box="[377,449,1244,1267]" captionStart="Figs 3841" captionStartId="17.[113,150,1543,1562]" captionTargetBox="[176,1026,226,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[168,1034,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 3841. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of first instar larva. 3839 maxilla (38 dorsal view; 39 ventral view). 4041 labium (40 dorsal view; 41 labium, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">4041</figureCitation>
). Submentum with two pairs of setae on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF87FFEAFBD0FB7DBFF48122" captionStart="Figs 3334" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1541,1560]" captionTargetBox="[198,1015,225,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[180,1022,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 3334. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the first instar larva. 33 dorsal view; 34 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757587/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="185">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
), one long (LA1), the other minute (LA2). Mentum with two long setae (LA3) and two pores (LA4) on ventral surface, LA4 close to anterior margin, anterior to LA3. Prementum ventrally with two pairs of setae (LA5 minute and basal, LA6 long at midlength) and one pair of subapical pores (LA7); dorsally with one basal pair of pores (LA8) and one pair of minute seta-like sensilla (LA9) on membrane connecting with labial palpi and ligula. Ligula with one pair of long setae at the base (LA10) and two pairs of sensilla (LA12 cone-like, apical on dorsal face and LA11 pore-like, at midlength on ventral face). LP1 with one minute seta (LA13, ventral) and one distal pore (LA14 dorsal) on membrane connecting with LP2; LP2 with one subapical pore on outer face (LA15) and a group of at least nine setae at the apex constitute gLA, three setae minute, four setae short, one rather long and one long seta.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF30662DFF86FFEBFF9AFB41BED9813F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757593/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="186" startId="19.[113,150,1248,1267]" targetBox="[221,965,224,1232]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF86FFEBFF9AFB41BED9813F" blockId="19.[113,1088,1248,1294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">
Figs 4243.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF86FFEBFF37FB41BD5A80C2" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[220,539,1248,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF86FFEBFF37FB41BEF080C2" box="[220,433,1248,1267]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, prothoracic leg of first instar larva. 42 anterior view; 43 posterior view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF86FFEBFF7BFAF8BEEC8221" blockId="19.[113,1089,1369,1584]" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF86FFEBFF7BFAF8BF838141" box="[144,194,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF86FFEBFF39FAF8BE108141" box="[210,337,1369,1392]" captionStart="Figs 4243" captionStartId="19.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[221,965,224,1232]" captionTargetId="figure-102@19.[215,988,219,1240]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 4243. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), prothoracic leg of first instar larva. 42 anterior view; 43 posterior view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757593/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">Figs 4243</figureCitation>
). The number and position of pores are the same in pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs. Coxa with 2 pores (1 anterodorsal, 1 posterior) and 14 setae (12 anterior, 2 posterior); trochanter with 8 pores (5 anterior, 3 posterior) and 9 setae (5 anterior, 4 posterior); femur with 2 pores (1 anterior, 1 posterior) and 10 setae (5 anterior, 5 posterior); tibiotarsus with 2 pores (1 anterior, 1 posterior) and 17 setae (8 anterior, 9 posterior); pretarsus with two setae (1 anterior, 1 posterior).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF86FFEBFF7BF9B9BEF48201" blockId="19.[113,1089,1369,1584]" box="[144,437,1560,1584]" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF86FFEBFF7BF9B9BE6D8201" bold="true" box="[144,300,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="186">Morphometry.</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6CD031EFF86FFEBFE8BF9B8BEF08201" box="[352,433,1561,1584]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[113,160,396,415]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios for the three larval instars of D. cacti (LeConte, 1855) and P. exstriatum (Say, 1835). For abbreviations see Material and methods." pageId="19" pageNumber="186">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF30662DFF81FFECFF7CFA5EBD56821C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757595/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="187" startId="20.[151,188,1535,1554]" targetBox="[321,964,227,1500]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF81FFECFF7CFA5EBD56821C" blockId="20.[151,1127,1535,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="187">
Figs 4445.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF81FFECFF15FA5EBD798223" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[254,568,1535,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF81FFECFF15FA5EBE928223" box="[254,467,1535,1554]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="187">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the third instar larva. 44 dorsal view; 45 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF30662DFF80FFEDFF9AFB41BB03813F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757597/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="188" startId="21.[113,150,1248,1267]" targetBox="[208,999,220,1230]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF80FFEDFF9AFB41BB03813F" blockId="21.[113,1090,1248,1294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">
Figs 4648.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF80FFEDFF34FB41BD6280C2" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[223,547,1248,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFF34FB41BEF680C2" box="[223,439,1248,1267]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 46 detail of clypeolabrum; 47 left antenna, dorsal view; 48 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars:Figs 46, 48 = 0.1 mm, Fig.47 = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF80FFEDFF9AFA9CBC608205" blockId="21.[113,1089,1340,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFF9AFA9CBEA08165" bold="true" box="[113,481,1340,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">
Second instar larva.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFE8EFA9DBEA08165" bold="true" box="[357,481,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
</emphasis>
more similar to the third instar than to the first.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFBECFA9CBF838145" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Head capsule</emphasis>
. Frontale lacking secondary setae; parietale bearing four small secondary sensilla in similar positions than those of third instar (except for the one close to the frontal line that is absent).
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFF0DFA3CBE7E8185" box="[230,319,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Antenna</emphasis>
. Without secondary sensilla.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFD95FA3CBDA58185" box="[638,740,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Mandible</emphasis>
with five or six short secondary sensilla on outer face.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFE83FA1CBEFA81E5" box="[360,443,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Maxilla</emphasis>
. Stipes with 1213 stout secondary setae on dorsal surface and one branched ventral secondary seta close to
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF80FFEDFD6EFA7CBDF081C5" box="[645,689,1501,1524]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">MX</collectingCountry>
4 and
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF80FFEDFD18FA7CBC6381C5" box="[755,802,1501,1524]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">MX</collectingCountry>
6; gMX2 with ca. 13 setae.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF80FFEDFF9AFA5CBF838225" box="[113,194,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="188">Labium</emphasis>
. Mentum with one pair of long secondary setae dorsally on distal half. Number and distribution of pores and setae in legs similar to first instar larva.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF30662DFF83FFEEFF7CF9A2BC878200" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5757599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757599/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="189" startId="22.[151,188,1539,1558]" targetBox="[272,1002,225,1505]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF83FFEEFF7CF9A2BC878200" blockId="22.[151,1127,1539,1585]" pageId="22" pageNumber="189">
Figs 4952.
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D26FF83FFEEFF15F9A2BD768227" authority="(Say, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[254,567,1539,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenonotum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exstriatum">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF83FFEEFF15F9A2BE908227" box="[254,465,1539,1558]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="189">Phaenonotum exstriatum</emphasis>
(Say, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 4950 maxilla (49 dorsal view; 50 ventral view); 5152 labium (51 dorsal view; 52 ventral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF82FFEFFF7BFF7ABEF484C2" blockId="23.[113,1089,219,667]" box="[144,437,219,243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFF7BFF7ABE6D84C2" bold="true" box="[144,300,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Morphometry.</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6CD031EFF82FFEFFE8BFF7DBEF084C2" box="[352,433,220,243]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[113,160,396,415]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios for the three larval instars of D. cacti (LeConte, 1855) and P. exstriatum (Say, 1835). For abbreviations see Material and methods." pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF82FFEFFF9AFEA5BCB6850A" blockId="23.[113,1089,219,667]" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFF9AFEA5BE01852A" bold="true" box="[113,320,260,283]" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Third instar larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF82FFEFFEBBFEA5BE8F852A" box="[336,462,260,283]" captionStart-0="Figs 4445" captionStart-1="Figs 4648" captionStart-2="Figs 4952" captionStartId-0="20.[151,188,1535,1554]" captionStartId-1="21.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,188,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,964,227,1500]" captionTargetBox-1="[208,999,220,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[272,1002,225,1505]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@20.[304,974,219,1504]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@21.[199,1002,212,1238]" captionTargetId-2="figure-10@22.[267,1010,219,1512]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="Figs 4445.Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the third instar larva. 44 dorsal view; 45 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="Figs 4648. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 46 detail of clypeolabrum; 47 left antenna, dorsal view; 48 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars:Figs 46, 48 = 0.1 mm, Fig.47 = 0.05 mm." captionText-2="Figs 4952. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 4950 maxilla (49 dorsal view; 50 ventral view); 5152 labium (51 dorsal view; 52 ventral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757595" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757597" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757599" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5757595/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5757597/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5757599/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Figs 4452</figureCitation>
). Lateral lobes of epistome projecting slightly farther than nasale, slightly serrated on inner margin but with spine on outer angle much smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF82FFEFFF7BFEE2BD03864A" blockId="23.[113,1089,219,667]" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFF7BFEE2BEE3856A" box="[144,418,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFF7BFEE2BE51856A" bold="true" box="[144,272,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Chaetotaxy.</emphasis>
Head capsule
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF82FFEFFE45FEE5BD69856A" box="[430,552,324,347]" captionStart-0="Figs 4445" captionStart-1="Figs 4648" captionStartId-0="20.[151,188,1535,1554]" captionStartId-1="21.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,964,227,1500]" captionTargetBox-1="[208,999,220,1230]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@20.[304,974,219,1504]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@21.[199,1002,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionText-0="Figs 4445.Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of the head capsule of the third instar larva. 44 dorsal view; 45 ventral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="Figs 4648. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 46 detail of clypeolabrum; 47 left antenna, dorsal view; 48 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars:Figs 46, 48 = 0.1 mm, Fig.47 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757595" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757597" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5757595/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5757597/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Figs 4446</figureCitation>
). Frontale without secondary sensilla. Parietale with five secondary sensilla, one ventral seta close to PA18, one dorsal pore near PA19 and two dorsal setae, one close to PA8, the other close to frontal line, near pore FR2; PA21 apparently simple in examined specimens (branched in first and second instars).
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFCDDFE05BCCF858A" box="[822,910,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF82FFEFFC71FE05BCA4858A" box="[922,997,420,443]" captionStart="Figs 4648" captionStartId="21.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[208,999,220,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[199,1002,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 4648. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 46 detail of clypeolabrum; 47 left antenna, dorsal view; 48 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars:Figs 46, 48 = 0.1 mm, Fig.47 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757597/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
) without secondary sensilla.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFEA8FE65BEE885EA" box="[323,425,452,475]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF82FFEFFE52FE65BD4985EA" box="[441,520,452,475]" captionStart="Figs 4648" captionStartId="21.[113,150,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[208,999,220,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[199,1002,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 4648. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 46 detail of clypeolabrum; 47 left antenna, dorsal view; 48 right mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars:Figs 46, 48 = 0.1 mm, Fig.47 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757597/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
) with four short basal secondary setae close to outer face, and three or four minute secondary setae close to MN1.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFCE6FE45BC2185CA" box="[781,864,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF82FFEFFC84FE45BCAC85CA" box="[879,1005,484,507]" captionStart="Figs 4952" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[272,1002,225,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-10@22.[267,1010,219,1512]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 4952. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 4950 maxilla (49 dorsal view; 50 ventral view); 5152 labium (51 dorsal view; 52 ventral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757599/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Figs 4950</figureCitation>
). Stipes with ca. 17 stout secondary setae on dorsal surface and one branched ventral secondary seta between pore
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF82FFEFFEECFD85BE72860A" box="[263,307,548,571]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">MX</collectingCountry>
4 and seta
<collectingCountry id="F3587635FF82FFEFFE48FD85BE93860A" box="[419,466,548,571]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">MX</collectingCountry>
6; gMX2 with 1314 setae.
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFD13FD85BC08860A" box="[760,841,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13742A20FF82FFEFFCBCFD85BC95860A" box="[855,980,548,571]" captionStart="Figs 4952" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1539,1558]" captionTargetBox="[272,1002,225,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-10@22.[267,1010,219,1512]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 4952. Phaenonotum exstriatum (Say, 1835), chaetotaxy of third instar larva. 4950 maxilla (49 dorsal view; 50 ventral view); 5152 labium (51 dorsal view; 52 ventral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5757599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5757599/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Figs 5152</figureCitation>
). Mentum with one pair of long secondary setae dorsally on distal half. Number and distribution of pores and setae in legs similar to first instar larva.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036A5FF82FFEFFF7BFD22BEF486AA" blockId="23.[113,1089,219,667]" box="[144,437,643,667]" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B93BEAB7FF82FFEFFF7BFD22BE6D86AA" bold="true" box="[144,300,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Morphometry.</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6CD031EFF82FFEFFE8BFD25BEF086AA" box="[352,433,644,667]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[113,160,396,415]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios for the three larval instars of D. cacti (LeConte, 1855) and P. exstriatum (Say, 1835). For abbreviations see Material and methods." pageId="23" pageNumber="190">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>