210 lines
30 KiB
XML
210 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="BF373E233CA932DF9A21F619450BD222" ID-CLB-Dataset="26217" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335260" ID-ZooBank="E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173981185" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="03CB87E6FF82F95EFF7BFAE7FEF6F80F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penares deformis Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFF2FF9EFF9CF941FFECFFD0FF94FFFA" masterDocTitle="Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698741243220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="0831F118EEDC2080DF787B4D4571BC51" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D7EB0534C6C8B970C7B8EFB71ADAB8B6">
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<mods:title id="334B2EA15F10D21DEEF56189ECBB7EC6">Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C68C365D458B19F1BF648B8C5DD7A883" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="445845B97DC58420066A13A544F88A84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="70B527A10EE5C22AC8C99043484A6A33">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2D8E980434160E2D785C872D194A730C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="214BF7E6594CCC463942B26C0058AC30">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08BA8FB6854E2E3D33F8B5EF594B098B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EDA12C4E1D5DF08114F40F1A4C4425C4">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="85F6E99B8B4DE9161D82FE54C6B81EB7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8B7ABE3B41613D27EFB5B85CB705615D">
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<mods:title id="4FFD89EC2B7F1E9CAEDBEFF47BED22C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CC83E0FD6D0CAAFFA848969DBB9022CF">
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<mods:date id="4A1A42899011F1CB988C62296D498C60">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="278F96159046FC1F5D038647F6825BFD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="C3D8782A990DD79C81E4DD3D9CCB204A">2019-07-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="48EDD82F2A2FA931C66DD72DB16C6430" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="17AC451EA68FDCBC8755948D423403A9">4638</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4E9EA6E2CB3780AA0D0BB4CE0A900A65" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="86BC4A70306FDEE43077CE5BF733A1D2">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="6A8A16EBC1BA6EC8A6343967CDE0024E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="3D237A660CFA4DEC8586D33F7219517D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C00F1D21640C87F64D7AA405CEB8D600">56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="2804B2380F9B97C2BFF3DD1CA3CEEF23">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F9DE4D383D03B69967A17A9D573FCD31" type="CLB-Dataset">26217</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA757C11E479C047830AEE9D6DF0FD76" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="552B05439FE5AD3A5C37A128828B7B32" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FE3A92574E05E60BC9ACBC2C66291D02" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1F39BEF868DBFE16B2B0AEC19669E479" type="Zenodo-Dep">3335260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D56FD332982B4F4F61B0F7B5BBAEBF2" type="ZooBank">E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CB87E6FF82F95EFF7BFAE7FEF6F80F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FF82F95EFF7BFAE7FEF6F80F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6FF82F95EFF7BFAE7FEF6F80F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFF82F95FFF7BFAE7FE5BFAAA" box="[151,463,1334,1361]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF7BFAE7FE5BFAAA" blockId="30.[151,463,1334,1396]" box="[151,463,1334,1361]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="D095819CFF82F95FFF7BFAE7FE5BFAAA" bold="true" box="[151,463,1334,1361]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF7BFAE7FE5BFAAA" bold="true" box="[151,463,1334,1361]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF82F95FFF7BFAE7FEFEFAAB" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,362,1334,1361]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deformis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF7BFAE7FEFEFAAB" bold="true" box="[151,362,1334,1361]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Penares deformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF82F95FFE9EFAE6FE5BFAAA" box="[370,463,1334,1360]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFF82F95FFF7BFA8AFE10FA8E" box="[151,388,1370,1396]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF7BFA8AFE10FA8E" blockId="30.[151,463,1334,1396]" box="[151,388,1370,1396]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFF4CFA8AFE89FA8E" box="[160,285,1370,1396]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStart-2="FIGURE 26" captionStartId-0="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" captionStartId-1="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionStartId-2="33.[151,250,1757,1782]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetBox-1="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetBox-2="[471,1116,985,1745]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetId-1="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId-2="figure@33.[471,1116,985,1745]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of a uniporal opening; C. Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D. Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E. Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." captionText-2="FIGURE 26. Distribution of P. deformis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448362" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3448362/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFF4CFA8AFF65FA8E" box="[160,241,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of a uniporal opening; C. Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D. Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E. Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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–26
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</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFF82F95FFEC4FA8AFEEFFA8E" box="[296,379,1370,1396]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[166,1280,297,504]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 8. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares deformis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). SOX = strongyloxea; D = triaene rhabdome; DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = triaene cladome; MOX = microxea; OX: oxyasters." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Table 8</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFF82F95FFF7BFA71FD4EF9FE" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF7BFA71FE52FA1A" blockId="30.[151,1437,1441,2045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Material examined.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF82F95FFE6BFA72FE52FA1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830312" collectingDate="2008-04-01" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="1242" latitude="-50.091" longLatPrecision="65" longitude="163.482" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="NIWA 52648" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFE6BFA72FE60FA46" bold="true" box="[391,500,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FF82F95FFE6BFA72FE60FA46" box="[391,500,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFE18FA73FD99FA46" box="[500,525,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">—</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFF82F95FFDE1FA72FD31FA46" box="[525,677,1441,1468]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 52648</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FF82F95FFD5CFA72FD6CFA46" box="[688,760,1442,1468]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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Stn TAN0803/33, Macquarie Ridge,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF82F95FFB76FA71FA9EFA46" box="[1178,1290,1441,1468]" degrees="50.091" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="55" value="-50.091">50.091° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FF82F95FFAFBFA72FA03FA47" box="[1303,1431,1442,1469]" degrees="163.482" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="55" value="163.482">163.482° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="004FD1C3FF82F95FFF7BFA16FEA0FA1B" box="[151,308,1478,1505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2425" metricValueMax="1.408" metricValueMin="1.077" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1242.5" valueMax="1408.0" valueMin="1077.0">
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||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF82F95FFF7BFA16FEA0FA1B" box="[151,308,1478,1505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2425" metricValueMax="1.408" metricValueMin="1.077" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1242.5" valueMax="1408.0" valueMin="1077.0">1077–1408 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FF82F95FFEACFA16FE56FA1A" box="[320,450,1478,1504]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2008-04-01">
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<date id="FFDC1030FF82F95FFEACFA16FE56FA1A" box="[320,450,1478,1504]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2008-04-01">1 Apr 2008</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF2BFA3AFD4EF9FE" blockId="30.[151,1437,1441,2045]" box="[199,730,1513,1541]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFF82F95FFF2BFA3AFD42F9FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830331" box="[199,726,1513,1541]" country="New Zealand" location="Macquarie Ridge" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF2BFA3AFEF2F9FE" bold="true" box="[199,358,1513,1540]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FF82F95FFF2BFA3AFE96F9FE" box="[199,258,1514,1540]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EBD602BFF82F95FFE80FA3AFDA5F9FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FF82F95EFF7BFAE7FEF6F80F:8EBD602BFF82F95FFE80FA3AFDA5F9FE" box="[364,561,1514,1540]" country="New Zealand" name="Macquarie Ridge" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Macquarie Ridge</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF82F95FFDD0FA3BFD42F9FE" box="[572,726,1514,1541]" name="New Zealand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFF82F95FFF2BF9DDFAFFF9D3" box="[199,1387,1549,1577]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF2BF9DDFAFFF9D3" blockId="30.[151,1437,1441,2045]" box="[199,1387,1549,1577]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF2BF9DDFEF5F9D2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1549,1576]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Only known from
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FF82F95FFDDBF9DFFDF3F9D3" box="[567,615,1551,1577]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality, Macquarie Ridge,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FF82F95FFC72F9DFFBACF9D2" box="[926,1080,1550,1577]" name="New Zealand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
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||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF82F95FFBAFF9DEFB4AF9D3" box="[1091,1246,1550,1577]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2425" metricValueMax="1.408" metricValueMin="1.077" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1242.5" valueMax="1408.0" valueMin="1077.0">1077–1408 m</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFB00F9DEFACAF9D3" box="[1260,1374,1550,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1757,1782]" captionTargetBox="[471,1116,985,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[471,1116,985,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Distribution of P. deformis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448362/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFF82F95EFF2BF9E1FEF6F80F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF2BF9E1FA12F942" blockId="30.[151,1437,1441,2045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF2BF9E1FECDF9B6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1585,1612]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
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Morphology of the
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FF82F95FFDDBF9E2FD0DF9B6" box="[567,665,1586,1612]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a small, thinly encrusting sponge growing around the dead branches of a coral (
|
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFEC6F986FE3BF98A" box="[298,431,1622,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of a uniporal opening; C. Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D. Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E. Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 24A</figureCitation>
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);
|
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF82F95FFE2EF986FD84F98B" box="[450,528,1622,1649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long ×
|
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF82F95FFD8FF985FD25F98B" box="[611,689,1621,1649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide ×
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF82F95FFCE5F986FCC3F98B" box="[777,855,1622,1649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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high. Texture is firm, slightly compressible. Surface is hispid and scratchy to the touch. Singular, uniporal openings, around
|
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FF82F95FFC52F9AAFB80F96F" box="[958,1044,1658,1685]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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in diameter are very sparsely scattered over the surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFDD9F94EFD2EF942" box="[565,698,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of a uniporal opening; C. Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D. Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E. Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colour in ethanol is medium brown, interior is slightly darker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF2BF911FD8FF8B2" blockId="30.[151,1437,1441,2045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF2BF911FEA1F926" bold="true" box="[199,309,1729,1756]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical skeleton is distinct from the choanosome and consists of a densely packed layer of disorganised microxeas. Triaenes are arranged with their cladome at the surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFB85F936FABCF8FB" box="[1129,1320,1766,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of a uniporal opening; C. Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D. Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E. Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 24C & D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Choanosomal skeleton is extremely densely packed with oxyasters. Oxeas are scattered through the choanosome with no distinct arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFE67F8FEFD9BF8B2" box="[395,527,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[168,1420,174,1662]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Close view of a uniporal opening; C. Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes; D. Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge; E. Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 24E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF82F95FFF2BF881FE4BF806" blockId="30.[151,1437,1441,2045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFF2BF881FEBDF896" bold="true" box="[199,297,1873,1900]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFED4F882FE3CF896" box="[312,424,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFF82F95FFE58F882FD9CF896" box="[436,520,1874,1900]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[166,1280,297,504]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 8. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares deformis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). SOX = strongyloxea; D = triaene rhabdome; DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = triaene cladome; MOX = microxea; OX: oxyasters." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF82F95FFDF2F882FD3EF896" box="[542,682,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
—stronglyoxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFC9CF882FBB3F897" box="[880,1063,1873,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25A & B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small and relatively slender; 1094 (656–1498) × 29 (21–40) µm (n = 20). Very short-shafted triaenes are a mixture of dichotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFAE0F8A6FA1BF86A" box="[1292,1423,1909,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25C</figureCitation>
|
||
), plagiotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFEABF84AFE44F84E" box="[327,464,1945,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25D</figureCitation>
|
||
), triaenes with both single and bifurcate clads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFC12F84AFB10F84E" box="[1022,1156,1945,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and deformed triaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF82F95FFF73F86EFEB4F822" box="[159,288,1981,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 25F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Triaenes have a cladome that is much wider than the rhabdome length; 332 (177–453) µm long × 691 (139–995) µm wide (n = 22).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FF83F95EFF7BF948FA87F903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335288/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1688,1713]" targetBox="[168,1420,174,1662]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF83F95EFF7BF948FA87F903" blockId="31.[151,1436,1688,1785]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFF7BF948FEB4F94B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1688,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FF83F95EFEC9F949FE42F94B" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[293,470,1689,1713]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFEC9F949FE42F94B" box="[293,470,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Penares deformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FF83F95EFE30F949FDB8F94B" box="[476,556,1689,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFE30F949FDB8F94B" bold="true" box="[476,556,1689,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype NIWA 52648:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFCC7F948FCD7F94B" bold="true" box="[811,835,1688,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype preserved in ethanol;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFB6BF949FB0AF94B" bold="true" box="[1159,1182,1689,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Close view of a uniporal opening;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFF1BF96CFE9BF92F" bold="true" box="[247,271,1724,1749]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up view of the surface of the sponge showing triaene cladomes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFC0AF96DFC6BF92F" bold="true" box="[998,1023,1725,1749]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Cortical section showing the position of the triaenes just below the surface of the sponge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFD67F931FD37F903" bold="true" box="[651,675,1761,1785]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Choanosomal section showing the densely packed oxyasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FF83F95EFF2BF8F7FEF6F80F" blockId="31.[151,1437,1830,2037]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FF83F95EFF2BF8F7FEC3F8BB" box="[199,343,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
—microxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF83F95EFE19F8F7FDEDF8BB" box="[501,633,1830,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figure 25H</figureCitation>
|
||
) are slightly curved with sharply pointed tips; 128 (92–144) × 8 (7–10) µm (n = 20). Microrhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF83F95EFE3CF89BFDDDF89F" box="[464,585,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="FFDC1030FF83F95EFDCFF89AFDDDF89F" box="[547,585,1866,1893]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1925-01">25I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) are slightly curved with broadly rounded tips, and usually slightly centro- tylote. Microrhabds are typically shorter than microxeas but there is some size overlap; 62 (32–108) × 7 (5–9) µm (n = 20). Oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FF83F95EFE6EF843FD92F857" box="[386,518,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[203,1385,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Penares deformis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 52648: A. Stronglyoxea; B. Close view of the head and tip of a strongyloxeas; C. Dichotriaene; D. Plagiotriaene; E. Triaene with a mixture of simple and bifurcate clads; F. Deformed triaenes; G. Oxyasters; H. Microxea; I. Microrhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335290/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figure 25G</figureCitation>
|
||
) are large with a varying number of rays that are faintly acanthose, ranging from plesiasters with few rays to oxyasters. Rays appear to be smooth under light microscopy (400×); 40 (22–78) µm in diameter (n = 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |