396 lines
47 KiB
XML
396 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="8DF3CD2FFB61131B300190342B90CA62" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188030" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f7dc543-374a-4299-9950-3812d50a0baf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188030" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461079291937" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Malumphy, Christopher, Walsh, Katherine, Suarez, Belen, Collins, Dominique W. & Boonham, Niel" docDate="2009" docId="03CA878D8402FFCEABF1F9C8FC95FDBC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02118p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2118" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bemisia tabaci Gennadius" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF3FFF58408FFC0AB66FFCFFFE3FF88" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698587307884" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BF585DE1B3368CAA9DFAB49DDB34C0F1">
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<mods:title id="726D1A4051161A1A1062AB39AC1CDE65">Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3285E4C5CEDC4790C40A64042225157F">Malumphy, Christopher</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="131F438D99BE78B77116E977250BC0EA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="16BBE4EB68194E99D7B076F4A17AEC19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9EEF9E56DC7C6F7F5934FB3D4CFD2E03">Walsh, Katherine</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7D45568630FD1C926E2A0ADE4A069E6E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9A32A971E2639EA675779C7863340862">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3FB4D029C3ED13170C5C93D10AAFE71C">Suarez, Belen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F827D28220D858E2F251FF0EF25E41A3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DD1500A79CA6915113DB28F12D653F17">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8D430822F180B8524D299443349322F0">Collins, Dominique W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="504D802B3C11FB79C77471947CBA8EA5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="ABB08FFF4CFA2D3D8A5B34A9FAD09A17">
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<mods:roleTerm id="07822BD7879F7E622EC6D7D44CB5D1BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="581DB82D1CA05D23B6B0DA3059A71AFD">Boonham, Niel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DFC5ACF7057DBE15ED04A15D2B472F9E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C7700B4870F351AB8057E438EEFD3882">
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<mods:title id="4D7B6EA455846BA7F4BFD6D0ADEF2560">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3E0A4DC6FAF2CED61C8ACB7AE455F25A">
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<mods:date id="C99B9E8E4F951D8CB272A305A29055C6">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CF182D6000AC13F5BBE1A8183E670872" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1901E7B177F2AF5B162C1479AEC68B2F">2118</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5B48EDCDCD6617BE7FC28225A67ACA49">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D06216C7FBB1D4F796010499117F4A67">29</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A35D77AC82F0CB4BCC18A520FC3EEFC8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="428522EEAD5972CD183AB9359A60CED2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188030</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="754843864B417642999D1346B056C32C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EDF94E855586B1441640F9DCE77AC920" type="Zenodo-Dep">188030</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CA878D8402FFCEABF1F9C8FC95FDBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696826" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119618333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA878D8402FFCEABF1F9C8FC95FDBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA878D8402FFCEABF1F9C8FC95FDBC" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C37965108402FFCAABF1F9C8FECEF9CC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8402FFCAABF1F9C8FE08F9A9" blockId="10.[151,491,1543,1604]" box="[151,491,1543,1569]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D09481F78402FFCAABF1F9C8FE08F9A9" bold="true" box="[151,491,1543,1569]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188402FFCAABF1F9C8FE08F9A9" ID-CoL="LGV8" authority="Gennadius" authorityName="Gennadius" box="[151,491,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAABF1F9C8FE08F9A9" bold="true" box="[151,491,1543,1569]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAABF1F9C8FEAAF9A9" bold="true" box="[151,329,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bemisia tabaci</emphasis>
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(Gennadius)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC369B8402FFCAABF1F9E5FECEF9CC" blockId="10.[151,491,1543,1604]" box="[151,301,1578,1604]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13582A1E8402FFCAABF9F9E5FEC6F9CC" box="[159,293,1578,1604]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18 – 24. B" captionStartId-0="9.[151,270,1899,1923]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,270,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox-0="[198,1399,224,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[223,1366,226,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[162,1424,202,1869]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[184,1404,197,1875]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 10 – 17. Bemisia spp. 10, B. afer, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; B. afer, 11, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; B. afer, 12, female antenna; B. afer, 13, aedeagus; B. afer, 14, female cement gland; 15, B. tabaci, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima; 16, B. tabaci, first larval instar on Solidago from Spain; 17, B. tabaci, second instar on E. pulcherrima." captionText-1="FIGURES 18 – 24. B. tabaci. 18, third instar on E. pulcherrima; 19, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/188034/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/188035/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 15–24</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965108402FFCAABF1F9B7FE6EF8F2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDC369B8402FFCAABF1F9B7FBA9F8A4" blockId="10.[151,1436,1656,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188402FFCAABF1F9B7FEE4F919" ID-CoL="LGV8" box="[151,263,1656,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAABF1F9B7FEE4F919" box="[151,263,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. tabaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally described by Gennadius (1889) in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188402FFCAA89FF9B7FB96F919" box="[1017,1141,1656,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAA89FF9B7FB96F919" box="[1017,1141,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aleurodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as a pest of tobacco in
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8402FFCAABF1F951FF0DF930" box="[151,238,1694,1720]" name="Greece" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Greece</collectingCountry>
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. It has numerous synonyms that are listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8402FFCAA864F951FBC7F930" author="Mound" box="[770,1060,1694,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Mound, L. A. & Halsey, S. H. (1978) Whiteflies of the world, a systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK. 340 pp." type="book" year="1978">Mound & Halsey (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8402FFCAAF3AF951FA9CF930" author="Martin" box="[1116,1407,1694,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Martin, J. H. & Mound, L. A. (2007) An annotated checklist of the world's whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa, 1497, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="2007">Martin & Mound (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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. It is broadly polyphagous, feeding on an estimated 600 plant species and is distributed nearly worldwide. It is a major pest of field and protected agricultural crops and ornamental plants. It is a vector of 111 plant viruses in the genera
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAAA71F8DCFE52F8A4" box="[279,433,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Begomovirus</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAAAA7F8DCFDDAF8A4" box="[449,569,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Crinivirus</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAA914F8DCFD12F8A4" box="[626,753,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carlavirus</emphasis>
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or
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAA87EF8DCFC7EF8A4" box="[792,925,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ipomovirus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8402FFCAA8CBF8DDFBDEF8A4" author="Jones" box="[941,1085,1810,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" refString="Jones, D. (2003) Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109, 197 - 221." type="journal article" year="2003">Jones, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC369B8402FFCAABF1F8AFFE6EF8F2" blockId="10.[151,1437,1888,2028]" box="[151,397,1888,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Specimens measured</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965108402FFCEABA3F849FC95FDBC" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDC369B8402FFCBABA3F849FD5EFD8E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1888,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,518]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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CANARY ISLANDS: (intercepted in
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8402FFCAA9C6F849FD32F828" box="[672,721,1926,1952]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UK</collectingCountry>
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), on
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188402FFCAA876F848FCADF828" box="[784,846,1927,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAA876F848FCADF828" box="[784,846,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<date id="FFDD105B8402FFCAA8EDF849FBE7F828" box="[907,1028,1926,1952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-06-07">7.vi.2001</date>
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, PHSI, CSL
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<date id="FFDD105B8402FFCAAFF8F849FAF9F828" box="[1182,1306,1926,1952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2644-01-20">20012644</date>
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(8 second instars).
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8402FFCAAB9BF863FE75F84E" box="[253,406,1964,1990]" name="Denmark" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DENMARK</collectingCountry>
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: (intercepted in
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8402FFCAA930F863FD66F84E" box="[598,645,1964,1990]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UK</collectingCountry>
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), on
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188402FFCAA9A6F863FCC7F84D" box="[704,804,1964,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gerbera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAA9A6F863FCC7F84D" box="[704,804,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gerbera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<date id="FFDD105B8402FFCAA83BF863FC2CF84E" box="[861,975,1964,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-06-01">1.vi.2001</date>
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, PHSI,
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<date id="FFDD105B8402FFCAAF4AF863FB41F84E" box="[1068,1186,1964,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2495-01-20">20012495</date>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD128402FFCAAFD5F863FAE5F84E" box="[1203,1286,1964,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
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males and
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD128402FFCAAEEBF863FF31F864" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
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females).
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8402FFCAAA36F81DFE5EF864" box="[336,445,2002,2028]" name="Israel" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ISRAEL</collectingCountry>
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: (intercepted in
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8402FFCAA91BF81DFD4FF864" box="[637,684,2002,2028]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UK</collectingCountry>
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), on
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188402FFCAA981F81DFCA2F863" box="[743,833,2002,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Mentha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917EA898402FFCAA981F81DFCA2F863" box="[743,833,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mentha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<date id="FFDD105B8402FFCAA81DF81DFC16F864" box="[891,1013,2002,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2000-10-10">10.x.2000</date>
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, PHSI, CSL2007131 (
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD128402FFCAAE66F81DFAB2F864" box="[1280,1361,2002,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD128402FFCBAEEBF81DFF0DFF3A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
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adults),
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<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBAA06FF57FE37FF3A" box="[352,468,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-10-06">6.x.2001</date>
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, PHSI, CSL2015207 (4 first, 2 second and 1 third instar); on
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBAF93FF57FA84FF39" box="[1269,1383,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBAF93FF57FA84FF39" box="[1269,1383,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Solidago</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
|
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<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBABF1FF72FECBFF5F" box="[151,296,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2000-08-18">18.viii.2000</date>
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, PHSI, CSL2005312 (
|
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD128403FFCBA952FF72FD65FF5F" box="[564,646,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females); on
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBA84FFF71FC66FF5F" box="[809,901,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Thymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBA84FFF71FC66FF5F" box="[809,901,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thymus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBA8D8FF72FBDCFF5F" box="[958,1087,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-11-15">15.xi.2001</date>
|
||
, PHSI, CSL2015882 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD128403FFCBAE2AFF72FA7FFF5F" box="[1356,1436,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female).
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBAA65FF2CFEB8FF75" box="[259,347,227,253]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ITALY</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (intercepted in
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<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA946FF2CFDB3FF75" box="[544,592,227,253]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
), on
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBA9EBFF2BFC4FFF75" box="[653,940,228,253]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBA9EBFF2BFC4FFF75" box="[653,940,228,253]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Euphorbia pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBA8DAFF2CFBA1FF75" box="[956,1090,227,253]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2001-06-14">14.vi.2001</date>
|
||
, PHSI, CSL2012838 (7 first instars, 3 third instars).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBAAB5FEC6FD9CFEAB" box="[467,639,265,291]" name="Portugal" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PORTUGAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (intercepted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA832FEC6FC64FEAB" box="[852,903,265,291]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBA8AEFEC6FB6EFEAA" box="[968,1165,265,290]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBA8AEFEC6FB6EFEAA" box="[968,1165,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBAFF9FEC6FAA3FEAB" box="[1183,1344,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-08-19">19.viii.2003</date>
|
||
, PHSI, CSL20309094 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD128403FFCBAA30FEE0FE4AFEC1" box="[342,425,303,329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">9 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBAAD8FEE0FDDEFEC1" box="[446,573,303,329]" name="Nigeria" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (intercepted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA866FEE0FCCCFEC1" box="[768,815,303,329]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
), on
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBA80DFEE0FC25FEC0" box="[875,966,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Telfaria</emphasis>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBAF65FEE0FB9CFEC1" box="[1027,1151,303,329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-02-26">26.ii.2002</date>
|
||
, PHSI, CSL2020953 (4 first, 3 second and 3 third instars).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA959FE9AFD0FFEE7" box="[575,748,341,367]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (intercepted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA8C9FE9AFC3DFEE7" box="[943,990,341,367]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBAF7DFE9AFAE7FEE6" box="[1051,1284,341,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarmentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBAF7DFE9AFAE7FEE6" box="[1051,1284,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Piper sarmentosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBAE73FE9AFA74FEE7" box="[1301,1431,341,367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-06-11">11.vi.2003</date>
|
||
, PHSI, CSL20305417 (1 third instar).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA937FEB4FD28FE1D" box="[593,715,379,405]" name="Tunisia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TUNISIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Tozeur, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBA83CFEB4FC5FFE1C" box="[858,956,379,404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBA83CFEB4FC5FFE1C" box="[858,956,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lantana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBA892FEB4FBB8FE1D" box="[1012,1115,379,405]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-05-07">7.v.2003</date>
|
||
, C. Malumphy. Cultured at CSL under licence, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBAAC1FE6EFD6BFE32" box="[423,648,417,442]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBAAC1FE6EFD6BFE32" box="[423,648,417,442]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phaseolus vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDD105B8403FFCBA9F1FE6EFCCBFE33" box="[663,808,417,443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2003-08-15">15.viii.2003</date>
|
||
, KV85BT14-KV85BT18 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD128403FFCBAF03FE6EFB20FE33" box="[1125,1219,417,443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">19 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
, 10 first, 5 second and 15 third instars). ORIGIN UNKNOWN: from Rothamsted Research,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA89DFE08FBCBFE69" box="[1019,1064,455,481]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
, cultured at CSL under licence, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBABDDFE22FE59FD8E" box="[187,442,492,518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABDDFE22FE8EFD8E" box="[187,365,493,518]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, KV85BT1 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD128403FFCBA937FE23FD53FD8E" box="[593,688,492,518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">10 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABF1FDF6FEBBFDDA" blockId="11.[151,1437,568,1011]" box="[151,344,568,594]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABF1FDF6FF0FFDDA" box="[151,236,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">OVUM</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A1E8403FFCBAB9DFDF7FEB3FDDA" box="[251,336,568,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="9.[151,270,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[198,1399,224,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[162,1424,202,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17. Bemisia spp. 10, B. afer, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; B. afer, 11, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; B. afer, 12, female antenna; B. afer, 13, aedeagus; B. afer, 14, female cement gland; 15, B. tabaci, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima; 16, B. tabaci, first larval instar on Solidago from Spain; 17, B. tabaci, second instar on E. pulcherrima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188034/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3FD91FAF0FC7B" blockId="11.[151,1437,568,1011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABA3FD91FEC6FDFF" box="[197,293,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Habitus</emphasis>
|
||
. Elliptical, broadly rounded at the base and narrow apically. Cream coloured when first laid, becoming pale yellow and finally golden brown. Red eyes and yellow fat bodies of the first instar clearly visible prior to hatching. Oviposition pattern varies with leaf topography and population density. Eggs are scattered, or in small groups, on the under surface of hirsute foliage, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBAF77FD1FFAC6FD61" box="[1041,1317,720,745]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBAF77FD1FFAC6FD61" box="[1041,1317,720,745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Euphorbia pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or laid in neat, partial or complete circles on glabrous, smooth foliage, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188403FFCBA8A4FD39FB64FC87" box="[962,1159,758,783]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="benjamina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBA8A4FD39FB64FC87" box="[962,1159,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ficus benjamina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The chorion is smooth and shiny with little wax evident. Each egg is erect and firmly attached to the leaf surface by a slender peduncle extending from the base of the egg, inserted into the plant tissue. The egg bends slightly as it matures and a longitudinal groove appears on the concave surface. After hatching, the egg remains upright and is golden brown in colour. Hatched eggs can remain attached to the plant for many months. Length 201 microns (172–220 microns), width 119 microns (96–156 microns), ratio of length over width is 1.71 (1.31–2.19). Peduncle length 34 microns (28–42 microns) and width is 8 microns (5–12 microns).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABF1FBEAFDF0FBB6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1060,1654]" box="[151,531,1060,1086]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABF1FBEAFE46FBB6" box="[151,421,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIRST-INSTAR LARVA</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A1E8403FFCBAAD3FBEBFDE9FBB6" box="[437,522,1060,1086]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="9.[151,270,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[198,1399,224,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[162,1424,202,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17. Bemisia spp. 10, B. afer, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; B. afer, 11, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; B. afer, 12, female antenna; B. afer, 13, aedeagus; B. afer, 14, female cement gland; 15, B. tabaci, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima; 16, B. tabaci, first larval instar on Solidago from Spain; 17, B. tabaci, second instar on E. pulcherrima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188034/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3FB84FC6CFB38" blockId="11.[151,1437,1060,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABA3FB84FEC1FBEC" box="[197,290,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Habitus</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale-like, pale translucent yellow, becoming darker as they mature. Reddish eye spots and two yellow abdominal mycetomes clearly visible. A narrow band of white powdery wax develops around the margin. They usually settle to feed within
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B7E8403FFCBA9E0FB59FD3AFB38" box="[646,729,1174,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
from their egg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3FB73FEC4FAC0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1060,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABA3FB73FEC6FB5D" box="[197,293,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Margin.</emphasis>
|
||
Outline ovoid, lozenge-shaped; length 263 microns (228–280 microns) and width 162 microns (123–194 microns), 1.63 (1.51–2.10) times longer than wide. With 16 pairs of well-developed marginal setae: MS14 length 42 microns (34–54 microns); CS length 94 microns (84–123 microns). Ratio CS/MS14 = 2.23 (1.84–2.70).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3FA9CFC9AF98D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1060,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Dorsum. Chaetotaxy comprises paired ASS length 20 microns (16–28 microns); CeS length 3 microns (2–5 microns); 1
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBAA31FAB6FE62FA1B" box="[343,385,1401,1427]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
length 3 microns (2–4 microns); and 8
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8403FFCBA82AFAB6FC90FA1B" box="[844,883,1401,1427]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
length 3 microns (2–4 microns). The latter are often displaced antero-laterally from the anterior corners of the vasiform orifice. Cephalic tubercles weakly developed, oval to sub-rectangular. Vasiform orifice almost quadrate and open posteriorly, length 26 microns (19–30 microns). Lingula head half-covered by the operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3F9DEFE5FF9FE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1060,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABA3F9DEFEEEF9A2" box="[197,269,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ve n t e r</emphasis>
|
||
. Legs well developed. Short spines adjacent to all coxae and mid and hind coxae with long setae. Antennae long and slender, length 70 microns (58–81 microns). Abdominal setae placed mid vasiform orifice. Cuticle fine, diaphanous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABF1F966FDD8F94A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1704,2033]" box="[151,571,1704,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABF1F966FE2EF94A" box="[151,461,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SECOND-INSTAR LARVA</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A1E8403FFCBAABBF967FDD1F94A" box="[477,562,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="9.[151,270,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[198,1399,224,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[162,1424,202,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17. Bemisia spp. 10, B. afer, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; B. afer, 11, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; B. afer, 12, female antenna; B. afer, 13, aedeagus; B. afer, 14, female cement gland; 15, B. tabaci, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima; 16, B. tabaci, first larval instar on Solidago from Spain; 17, B. tabaci, second instar on E. pulcherrima." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188034/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3F901FE86F886" blockId="11.[151,1437,1704,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABA3F901FEC1F96F" box="[197,290,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Habitus</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution similar to first instars. Scale-like, similar in appearance to first instar but larger and more transparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8403FFCBABA3F8D5FC60F879" blockId="11.[151,1437,1704,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898403FFCBABA3F8D5FEFCF8BB" box="[197,287,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Margin</emphasis>
|
||
. Body ovoid, outline occasionally indented by plant hairs when developing on hirsute leaves; length 346 microns (306–388 microns) and width 219 microns (180–272 microns), 1.59 (1.43–1.79) times longer than wide, generally widest across the mesocoxae or just posteriorly. With three pairs of setae: ASS length 4 microns (2–6), often minute, submarginal and very difficult to detect; PMS 13 microns (8–18 microns); CS length 75 microns (62–88 microns). Ratio CS/PMS = 6.23 (4.44–10.25). Margin generally smooth or finely crenate, indented slightly at tracheal pore area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C66138404FFCCABF1F8A3FD0FF841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188035/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[223,1366,226,1846]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8404FFCCABF1F8A3FD0FF841" blockId="12.[151,1436,1900,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898404FFCCABF1F8A3FE83F80C" bold="true" box="[151,352,1900,1924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURES 18–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188404FFCCAA01F8A2FE2AF80C" box="[359,457,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898404FFCCAA01F8A2FE2AF80C" box="[359,457,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 18, third instar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188404FFCCA9C7F8A2FCA7F80C" box="[673,836,1901,1924]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898404FFCCA9C7F8A2FCA7F80C" box="[673,836,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 19, fourth instar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188404FFCCAF4AF8A2FB33F80C" box="[1068,1232,1901,1924]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898404FFCCAF4AF8A2FB33F80C" box="[1068,1232,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3FF57FEFFFE48" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABA3FF57FEC6FF39" box="[197,293,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy comprises paired CeS length 37 microns (3–90 microns); 1
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDAFE8FF57FB5AFF3A" box="[1166,1209,152,178]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
length 36 microns (3–108 microns); and 8
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDAAD5FF71FE38FF50" box="[435,475,190,216]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
length 9 microns (3–40 microns). The dorsal setae exist in two distinct states: minute (2–10 microns) or well developed (28–108 microns). The setal pairs most frequently well-developed are CeS and 1
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDAA5DFEC3FE84FEAE" box="[315,359,268,294]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and to a lesser extent 8
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDA9EFFEC3FD50FEAE" box="[649,691,268,294]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Frequently only one or two of the setal pairs well developed, these sometimes asymmetrical with one seta well developed and the opposite seta minute. Approximately eight geminate pore/porettes are aligned sub-dorsally in a longitudinal row. The vasiform orifice is sub oval to rectangular and closed behind; length 36 microns (22–340 microns). Lingula head half-covered by the operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3FE02FC03FDBC" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABA3FE02FEEEFE6E" box="[197,269,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ve n t e r</emphasis>
|
||
. Cuticle diaphanous and smooth. Derm of thoracic tracheal folds usually with numerous, minute spinules. Coxae each with an adjacent minute spine-like seta; mid and hind coxae each with a long fine seta. Antennae length 19 microns (16–24 microns). Cuticle fine, diaphanous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABF1FDA7FDFCFD0A" blockId="13.[151,1437,616,1570]" box="[151,543,616,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABF1FDA7FE52FD09" box="[151,433,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">THIRD-INSTAR LARVA</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A1E8405FFCDAAA7FDA7FDF5FD0A" box="[449,534,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24. B" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[223,1366,226,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[184,1404,197,1875]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. B. tabaci. 18, third instar on E. pulcherrima; 19, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3FD40FF0FFD47" blockId="13.[151,1437,616,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABA3FD40FEC1FD20" box="[197,290,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Habitus</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution similar to first and second instars. Ovoid, variable in colour from translucent to deep yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3FD13FE68FC3F" blockId="13.[151,1437,616,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABA3FD13FEFDFD7D" box="[197,286,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Margin</emphasis>
|
||
. Body elongate-oval, outline often indented by plant hairs when developing on hirsute leaves; length 477 microns (404–568 microns), width 329 microns (268–388 microns), 1.45 times longer than wide (1.29–1.54), generally widest across the mesocoxae. Three pairs of marginal setae: AMS pair fine, length 5 microns (2–8 microns); PMS pair fine, 13 microns (6–22 microns); CS pair stout, 93 microns (70–116 microns); ratio CS/PMS = 7.68 (4.60–17.33). Margin generally smooth or finely crenulate, indented slightly at tracheal pore area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3FC0BFD3BFA26" blockId="13.[151,1437,616,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABA3FC0BFEC7FC55" box="[197,292,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy comprises paired CeS length 72 microns (5–120 microns); 1
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDAFF7FC0BFB5FFC56" box="[1169,1212,964,990]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
length 81 microns (8–142 microns); and 8
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDAAD6FC25FE3BFB8C" box="[432,472,1002,1028]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
length 15 microns (2–72 microns). The dorsal setae exist in two distinct states: minute (2–14 microns) or well developed (52–142 microns). The dorsal setae pairs most frequently welldeveloped are the CeS, 1
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDAAD3FBF7FE3CFBDA" box="[437,479,1080,1106]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 8
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDA943FBF7FDACFBDA" box="[549,591,1080,1106]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 8
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374760B8405FFCDA900FBF7FD6EFBDA" box="[614,653,1080,1106]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
usually occur on the lateral margin of the vasiform orifice but may be displaced antero-laterad, especially when well developed. There may be three other pairs of minute to small subdorsal setae, which vary enormously in their development, and asymmetrical individuals are common. There are also usually four pairs of anterior submarginal setae and five pairs of posterior submarginal setae. The submarginal setae are minute and often very difficult to detect (phase or interference contrast microscopy is required). Geminate pore/porettes are aligned in four longitudinal groups and are also difficult to detect in some specimens. The dorsum is generally smooth, without papillae of projections other than setae. The vasiform orifice is triangular, half-covered by the operculum, and open behind; length 51 microns (40–60 microns). The lingula is spatulate with two terminal setae, the distal portion is covered in spicules, and it is half-covered by the operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3FA74FA8FF9AA" blockId="13.[151,1437,616,1570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABA3FA74FEEFFA5C" box="[197,268,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ve n te r</emphasis>
|
||
. Derm of thoracic tracheal folds usually with numerous, minute spinules which extend around the mid leg to the mesothoracic spiracle. Coxae each with an adjacent minute spine-like seta; mid and hind coxae each with a long fine seta. Antennae length 17 microns (14–22 microns). Cuticle diaphanous and smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABF1F99AFDDFF9E7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1621,1724]" box="[151,572,1621,1647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABF1F99AFE2DF9E6" box="[151,462,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FOURTH-INSTAR LARVA</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A1E8405FFCDAAB8F99AFDD0F9E7" box="[478,563,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24. B" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[223,1366,226,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[184,1404,197,1875]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. B. tabaci. 18, third instar on E. pulcherrima; 19, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABA3F9B3FCFFF934" blockId="13.[151,1437,1621,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8405FFCDA94EF9B3FCF9F91E" author="Bellows" box="[552,794,1660,1686]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" refString="Bellows, T. S., Perring, T. M., Gill, R. J. & Headrick, D. H. (1994) Description of a species of Bemisia (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 195 - 206." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Bellows
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDA9F2F9B3FD28F91D" box="[660,715,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D188405FFCDA823F9B3FC12F91D" box="[837,1009,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentifolii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDA823F9B3FC12F91D" box="[837,1009,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. argentifolii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8405FFCDAF6AF9B3FA74F91E" author="Bink-Moenen" box="[1036,1431,1660,1686]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" refString="Bink-Moenen, R. M. & Gerling, D. (1992) Aleyrodidae of Israel. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria " Filippo Silvestri ", 47, 3 - 49." type="journal article" year="1992">Bink-Moenen & Gerling (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8405FFCDABF1F96DFEDCF934" author="Martin" box="[151,319,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refString="Martin, J. H. (1987) An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management, 33, 298 - 322." type="journal article" year="1987">Martin (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8405FFCDAA2DF96DFDD2F934" box="[331,561,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refString="Martin, J. H., Mifsud, D. & Rapisarda, C. (2000) The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 90, 407 - 448." type="journal article">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDAAC4F96CFE36F934" box="[418,469,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B6A8405FFCDA90CF96DFCFBF934" author="Mound" box="[618,792,1698,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refString="Mound, L. A. (1966) A Revision of the British Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 17, 399 - 427." type="journal article" year="1966">Mound (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCDABF1F93FFE72F882" blockId="13.[151,1436,1776,2034]" box="[151,401,1776,1802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EA898405FFCDABF1F93FFF10F881" box="[151,243,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ADULT</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A1E8405FFCDAA64F93FFE6AF882" box="[258,393,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24. B" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[223,1366,226,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[184,1404,197,1875]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. B. tabaci. 18, third instar on E. pulcherrima; 19, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 20–24</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC369B8405FFCEABA3F8D9FC95FDBC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1776,2034]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,152,564]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Body yellow, wings hyaline, covered with sparse, powdery wax. Antennae 7-segmented. Antennal segment II about half as long as antennal segment III; antennal segment III about as long as segments IV–VII combined; segments V–VII subequal, segment IV shorter. Segment II with long, slender, conical sensorium (difficult to distinguish from the enlarged setae). Segment III with one sensorium located on the proximal portion, and three sensoria (a cone and two rhinarial-types) on the distal portion. The cone is approximately a quarter to a third the segment length away from the apex. Segment IV without a sensorium; segment V with an distal rhinarial-type sensorial; segment VI with a subapical sensorial cone, and segment VII with both a sensorial cone and an adjacent rhinorial sensorium, arising near the middle of the segment and the segment terminating in a narrow conical sensorium. Upper eye composed of 40–45 ommatidia, each 8.0 (6.8–9.5) microns in diameter; lower compound eye composed of 31–32 ommatidia, each 10.5 (8.9–11.9) microns in diameter, arranged in interconnected groups of 6 pigmented ommatidia surrounding a clear, smaller ommatidium. Upper and lower eyes connected by a single clear ommatidium. There are rare examples of the upper and lower eyes separated by less than a diameter of an ommatidium. Metatibial combs consisting of 16–19 setae, all tibial brushes consisting of two or three adjacent setae. Male claspers paired, with about 12 long setae. Aedeagus ventral base smooth; distal portion gradually tapered, gently sinuous with tip curved upwards. Male collar and female gonapophysis and supragenital plate unpigmented. Female cement gland usually strongly sinuous, without bands and with a small head.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |