324 lines
41 KiB
XML
324 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0C69D70C172EECEA4F2EBDD37427E6CD">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD9FFB275D6E4EFFDBFC3CD" box="[158,632,151,178]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275D6E4EFFDBFC3CD" blockId="74.[158,632,151,178]" box="[158,632,151,178]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275D6E4EFFDBFC3CD" authority="Ehrenberg, 1874" authorityName="Ehrenberg. Here" authorityYear="1874" box="[158,632,151,178]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275D6E4EFFE67C3CE" box="[158,416,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274EFE4EFFDBFC3CD" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[423,632,151,178]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="213 - 263" refId="ref88473" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1874) Grossere Felsproben des Polycystinen-Mergels von Barbados mit weiteren Erlauterungen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preufs. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 213 - 263. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1874">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB274EFE4EFFDBFC3CD" bold="true" box="[423,632,151,178]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ehrenberg, 1874</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE4A0FC85C393" blockId="74.[151,1106,215,392]" box="[151,834,215,239]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE4A0FEB1C393" authorityName="Ehrenberg. Here" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,374,215,239]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE4A0FEB1C393" box="[151,374,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFD9FFB27435E4A0FE72C392" box="[381,437,215,238]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC1F857FFD9FFB274F7E4A0FD73C393" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[447,692,215,239]" page="243" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" year="1874">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274F7E4A0FDADC393" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[447,618,215,239]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="213 - 263" refId="ref88473" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1874) Grossere Felsproben des Polycystinen-Mergels von Barbados mit weiteren Erlauterungen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preufs. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 213 - 263. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1874">Ehrenberg, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 243
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</treatmentCitation>
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[not figured].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE482FC86C272" blockId="74.[151,1106,215,392]" box="[151,833,245,270]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE482FD5AC271" authority="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg, 1876" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,669,245,269]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE482FEB1C271" box="[151,374,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27435E482FD5AC271" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[381,669,245,269]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 8, figs. 7–9.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE563FC53C250" blockId="74.[151,1106,215,392]" box="[151,916,276,300]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB70F968FFD9FFB275DFE563FC53C250" box="[151,916,276,300]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE563FDDFC250" authority="(Ehrenberg)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[151,536,276,300]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Lophophaenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="radians">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE563FE52C250" box="[151,405,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaenoma radians</emphasis>
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(Ehrenberg)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC1F857FFD9FFB2776AE563FC87C250" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[546,832,276,300]" page="86" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" year="1981">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB2776AE563FCC6C250" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[546,769,276,300]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref93714" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1981) Guides on Fauna USSR. Vol. 128. Radiolarians of the order Nassellaria in the world oceans. Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 406 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">Petrushevskaya, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 86
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 78.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE544FD22C237" blockId="74.[151,1106,215,392]" box="[151,741,307,331]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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||
?
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275E1E544FEA3C237" box="[169,356,307,331]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="lynx" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275E1E544FEA3C237" box="[169,356,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena lynx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFD9FFB27423E544FE64C236" box="[363,419,307,330]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274E6E544FD9EC237" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[430,601,307,331]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">Ehrenberg, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 8, fig. 13.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE526FCE8C216" blockId="74.[151,1106,215,392]" box="[151,815,337,362]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE526FD52C215" authority="Ehrenberg, Kamikuri, 2015" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Kamikuri" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,661,337,361]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE526FEB1C215" box="[151,374,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
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Ehrenberg,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274BAE526FD52C215" author="Kamikuri, S." box="[498,661,337,361]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="139 - 167" refId="ref90451" refString="Kamikuri, S. (2015) Radiolarian assemblages during the middle - late Eocene transition at Site 1052, ODP Leg 171 B, Blake Nose, western North Atlantic Ocean. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, Special Volume, 15, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="2015">Kamikuri, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 13, fig. 30.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE507FB95C2F4" blockId="74.[151,1106,215,392]" box="[151,1106,368,392]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE507FD68C2F4" authority="Ehrenberg, Ogane et al., 2009" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ogane" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,687,368,392]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE507FEB1C2F4" box="[151,374,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274BAE507FD68C2F4" author="Ogane, K. & Suzuki, N. & Aita, Y. & Sakai, T. & Lazarus, D." box="[498,687,368,392]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref92834" refString="Ogane, K., Suzuki, N., Aita, Y., Sakai, T. & Lazarus, D. (2009) Ehrenberg's Radiolarian Collections from Barbados. In: Tanimura, Y. & Aita, Y. (Eds.), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Monograph No. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, pp. 97 - 106." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Ogane
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27773E506FDB4C2F4" box="[571,627,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2009
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 3, figs. 3a–b, 5a–d; pl. 79, figs. 4a–c.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD9FFB275DFE5C1FB56C698" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD9FFB275DFE5C1FB56C698" blockId="74.[151,1437,438,1509]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE5C1FECCC2AC" bold="true" box="[151,267,438,464]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species has a very convoluted history in the literature.After it was described and figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27060E5C1FF1CC288" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="213 - 263" refId="ref88473" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1874) Grossere Felsproben des Polycystinen-Mergels von Barbados mit weiteren Erlauterungen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preufs. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 213 - 263. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1874">Ehrenberg (1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB275AFE5ADFEE4C288" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[231,291,474,500]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB2747EE5ADFE24C288" author="Haeckel, E." box="[310,483,474,500]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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||
split the concept into two separate species, apparently on the basis of isolated versus interconnected horns on the cephalis. He asserted that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB2765CE589FC25C164" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[788,994,510,536]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">Ehrenberg (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s pl. 8, figs. 7–8 (with interconnected spines) should be considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB277AEE655FBB3C140" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[742,1140,546,572]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="circumtexta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB277AEE655FBCAC140" box="[742,1037,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena circumtexta</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not to be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE631FDE4C11C" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel, Hertwig" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,547,582,608]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="circumtexta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE631FE7AC11C" box="[151,445,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Arachnocorys circumtexta</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which to our knowledge was never illustrated beyond Ehrenberg’s illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275FDE61DFE6CC1F8" box="[181,427,618,644]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275FDE61DFE6CC1F8" box="[181,427,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274F0E61DFDA3C1F8" author="Haeckel, E." box="[440,612,618,644]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
retained the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2767FE61DFBEAC1F8" box="[823,1069,618,644]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2767FE61DFBEAC1F8" box="[823,1069,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27112E61DFAE4C1F8" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[1114,1315,618,644]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">Ehrenberg (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s pl. 8, fig. 9 only (which is identical to figs. 7–8, except for the lack of interconnected horns), and questionably synonymized it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275AEE6C5FDF0C1B0" authority="Ehrenberg." authorityName="Ehrenberg." box="[230,567,690,716]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="lynx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275AEE6C5FE72C1B0" box="[230,437,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena lynx</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB27775E6C4FD4EC1B0" box="[573,649,690,716]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="lynx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27775E6C4FD4EC1B0" box="[573,649,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. lynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does indeed appear to be very similar in overall shape and proportions to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275FCE6A1FDADC18C" authority="Ehrenberg 1876" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[180,618,726,752]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275FCE6A1FE6BC18C" box="[180,428,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB274FBE6A1FDADC18C" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[435,618,726,752]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">Ehrenberg 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 8, fig. 9, but may have fewer horns and is smaller in size. Therefore, it is questionably included in our synonymy. It is our opinion that all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFD9FFB276E6E68DFBA3C068" box="[942,1124,762,788]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB271C3E68CFAC7C068" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[1163,1280,762,788]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB271C3E68CFAC7C068" box="[1163,1280,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB275DFE769FE9AC044" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[151,349,798,824]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref88513" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1876) Fortsetzung der mikrogeologischen Studien als Gesammt-Uebersicht der mikroskopischen Palaontologie gleichartig analysirter Gebirgsarten der Erde, mit specieller Rucksicht auf den Polycystinen-Mergel von Barbados. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 1 - 225. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1876">Ehrenberg (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are the same species, so we do not adopt Haeckel’s revision or synonymy here. Interconnections between horns can sometimes be an ontogenetic character, as evidenced by other lophophaenid species, so should not be the sole basis of splitting species concepts.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB2764BE711FBCEC0FC" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[771,1033,870,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB271D3E710FA85C0FC" authorityName="Haeckel, Hertwig" authorityYear="1879" box="[1179,1346,871,896]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="circumtexta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB271D3E710FA85C0FC" box="[1179,1346,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. circumtexta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB27444E7FCFE3BC0D8" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[268,508,906,932]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27444E7FCFE47C0D8" box="[268,384,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD9FFB27719E7FCFD46C0D9" box="[593,641,907,933]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB277B6E7FDFC7DC0D8" authorityName=", sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[766,954,906,932]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Lophophaenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB277B6E7FDFC7DC0D8" box="[766,954,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaenoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which she elevated to the genus rank after it was described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB27756E7D9FD7FC0B4" box="[542,696,942,968]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27756E7D9FD7FC0B4" box="[542,696,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB277AEE7D9FC5FC0B4" author="Haeckel, E." box="[742,920,942,968]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, in the taxonomic remarks section, she states that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2740BE7A4FDFFC090" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[323,568,978,1004]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2740BE7A4FE7DC090" box="[323,442,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD9FFB277C3E7A4FD7CC091" box="[651,699,979,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2760AE7A5FC39C090" authorityName=", sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[834,1022,978,1004]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Lophophaenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2760AE7A5FC39C090" box="[834,1022,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaenoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2713EE7A4FA47C090" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel, Hertwig" authorityYear="1879" box="[1142,1408,978,1004]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="circumtexta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2713EE7A4FADEC090" box="[1142,1305,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. circumtexta</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is its junior synonym.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27436E781FDB8C76C" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[382,639,1014,1040]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also considered all specimens figured by Ehrenberg (pl. 8, figs. 7–9) to be part of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB27467E06CFE62C748" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[303,421,1050,1076]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27467E06CFE62C748" box="[303,421,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including forms with and without interconnected cephalic spines (contrary to Haeckel). Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB275A8E049FE26C724" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[224,481,1086,1112]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref93714" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1981) Guides on Fauna USSR. Vol. 128. Radiolarians of the order Nassellaria in the world oceans. Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 406 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">Petrushevskaya (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2772DE049FCE6C724" authorityName=", sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[613,801,1086,1112]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Lophophaenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2772DE049FCE6C724" box="[613,801,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaenoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be demoted back to a subgenus as it is largely a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2743BE015FDD0C700" box="[371,535,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2743BE015FDD4C700" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[371,531,1122,1148]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Arachnocorys</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
although some species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2760EE015FBC5C700" authorityName=", sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[838,1026,1122,1148]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Lophophaenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2760EE015FBC5C700" box="[838,1026,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaenoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB271BBE015FABBC700" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[1267,1404,1122,1148]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB271BBE015FABBC700" box="[1267,1404,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE0F1FEF6C7DC" box="[151,305,1158,1184]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE0F1FEF6C7DC" box="[151,305,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead. It is unclear to which genus
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB2779DE0F1FC11C7DC" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[725,982,1158,1184]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refId="ref93714" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1981) Guides on Fauna USSR. Vol. 128. Radiolarians of the order Nassellaria in the world oceans. Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 406 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">Petrushevskaya (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB27173E0F0FB68C7DC" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[1083,1199,1158,1184]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27173E0F0FB68C7DC" box="[1083,1199,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should belong, since it was the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD9FFB27446E0DCFEF9C7B9" box="[270,318,1195,1221]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of a genus determined to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2769CE0DDFBB6C7B8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[980,1137,1194,1220]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2769CE0DDFBB6C7B8" box="[980,1137,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 86–87), but figured as an example of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB27409E0B9FE3AC794" authorityName=", sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[321,509,1230,1256]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Lophophaenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27409E0B9FE3AC794" box="[321,509,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaenoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB277B1E0B9FC54C794" box="[761,915,1230,1256]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB277B1E0B9FC54C794" box="[761,915,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 78). Here we do not believe this species should be in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2746CE085FE06C670" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[292,449,1266,1292]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2746CE085FE06C670" box="[292,449,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because it lacks gaps between the cephalis and thorax and has a more cylindrical, ribless thorax than other species in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2749FE161FDBBC64C" box="[471,636,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2749FE161FDBFC64C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[471,632,1302,1328]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Arachnocorys</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB277CBE161FC44C64C" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[643,899,1302,1328]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2710AE160FB71C64C" authorityName="Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[1090,1206,1302,1328]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2710AE160FB71C64C" box="[1090,1206,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275DFE14DFEF3C628" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,308,1338,1364]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275DFE14DFEF3C628" box="[151,308,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its lack of gaps between cephalis and thorax.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27633E14DFBFCC629" author="Kamikuri, S." box="[891,1083,1338,1365]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="139 - 167" refId="ref90451" refString="Kamikuri, S. (2015) Radiolarian assemblages during the middle - late Eocene transition at Site 1052, ODP Leg 171 B, Blake Nose, western North Atlantic Ocean. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, Special Volume, 15, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="2015">Kamikuri (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the most recent author to illustrate this species; he did so under its original name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB2764AE129FB72C605" authority="Ehrenberg. Here" authorityName="Ehrenberg. Here" authorityYear="1874" box="[770,1205,1374,1401]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB2764AE129FC3FC604" box="[770,1016,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lophophaena radians</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg. Here
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27079E129FF25C6E1" author="Kamikuri, S." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="139 - 167" refId="ref90451" refString="Kamikuri, S. (2015) Radiolarian assemblages during the middle - late Eocene transition at Site 1052, ODP Leg 171 B, Blake Nose, western North Atlantic Ocean. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, Special Volume, 15, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="2015">Kamikuri (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and also use the original name, although no specimens were observed during our study. Other than
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB27079E1F5FF25C6BD" author="Kamikuri, S." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="139 - 167" refId="ref90451" refString="Kamikuri, S. (2015) Radiolarian assemblages during the middle - late Eocene transition at Site 1052, ODP Leg 171 B, Blake Nose, western North Atlantic Ocean. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, Special Volume, 15, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="2015">Kamikuri (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the re-illustrations of Ehrenberg’s collection by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD9FFB2766AE1D1FC3EC6BC" author="Ogane, K. & Suzuki, N. & Aita, Y. & Sakai, T. & Lazarus, D." box="[802,1017,1446,1472]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref92834" refString="Ogane, K., Suzuki, N., Aita, Y., Sakai, T. & Lazarus, D. (2009) Ehrenberg's Radiolarian Collections from Barbados. In: Tanimura, Y. & Aita, Y. (Eds.), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Monograph No. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, pp. 97 - 106." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Ogane
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB27638E1D0FC60C6BC" box="[880,935,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we do not know of other photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD9FFB275FEE1BCFEEEC698" authorityName="Ehrenberg. Here" authorityYear="1874" box="[182,297,1482,1508]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD9FFB275FEE1BCFEEEC698" box="[182,297,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">L. radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so this species is in need of additional documentation to be fully understood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |