587 lines
66 KiB
XML
587 lines
66 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="272B5FC667AF0BF1A3372D1A73C3D10B">Taxonomy of the Crematogaster degeeri-species-assemblage in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E933426487F68D515FB4EB9B84422CC6">Blaimer, Bonnie B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D01C71B981B179546B1D33C7E8FFF3EE">Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA E-mail: bonnieblaimer @ gmail. com (corresponding author) & Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 ADA 98 B 1 - 6 FEC- 446 E-B 056 - 9244 F 417 F 0 BC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B188D2219A6C5A84D5C4DB5D1A48F52">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02251E0F6D3C077C87CC2F62DE0737E9">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 7 CFCBBE 5 - 5443 - 4 F 94 - B 2 AC- 04 BFD 4 D 520 F 0</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFE6FF905B5E033CFC4BFBA5" box="[586,1002,1101,1128]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0E0D804FFE6FF905B5E033CFC4BFBA5" box="[586,1002,1101,1128]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905B5E033CFC4BFBA5" ID-CoL="ZBMN" authority="Forel, 1886" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[586,1002,1101,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B5E033CFCFAFBAA" bold="true" box="[586,859,1101,1128]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF905A76033CFC4BFBA5" author="Forel" box="[866,1002,1101,1127]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref29826" refString="Forel A. 1886. Diagnoses provisoires de quelques especes nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, recoltees par M. Grandidier. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus de Seance 30." type="journal volume" year="1886">Forel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFE6FF905BFD0305FCEBFB4C" box="[745,842,1140,1166]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF905BFD0305FCEBFB4C" blockId="22.[586,1002,1101,1166]" box="[745,842,1140,1166]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFE6FF905BFD0305FCEBFB4C" box="[745,842,1140,1166]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="24.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionStartId-1="25.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1393,682,1910]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1393,864,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[189,1399,678,1923]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[189,1399,854,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="Fig. 8. Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886, worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0118982). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0012763). D. Full-face. E. Dorsal F. Profile." captionText-1="Fig. 9. Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886, male and distribution. A, C. (CASENT0127520). A. Fullface. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825367" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825369" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3825367/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3825369/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 8-9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFE6FF9059A903C8FCF7FA3D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A903C8FD3CFB10" blockId="22.[189,1399,1208,1349]" box="[189,669,1208,1235]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF9059A903C8FDFFFB10" ID-CoL="ZBMN" authority="Forel, 1886" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[189,606,1208,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A903C8FE6AFB10" box="[189,459,1208,1235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF9058C703C9FDFFFB10" author="Forel" box="[467,606,1208,1234]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref29826" refString="Forel A. 1886. Diagnoses provisoires de quelques especes nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, recoltees par M. Grandidier. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus de Seance 30." type="journal volume" year="1886">Forel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: cvii.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7F6535FFE6FF9059A903AEFBC2FADD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761959326" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="Descarpentries" country="Madagascar" location="Mont. Voiposa" municipality="Ambohimahosoa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFE6FF9059A903AEFC4DFB3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6287956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6287956" author="Santschi F." box="[189,1004,1246,1273]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/664ED71CE8E361194864A5245373832E" page="64" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1928">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF9059A903AEFC4DFB3A" ID-CoL="5GNP2" authority="Santschi, 1928: 64" authorityName="Santschi" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1928" box="[189,1004,1246,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="degeeri" subGenus="Acrocoelia" variety="lunaris">
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<originalDetermination id="A809D794FFE6FF9059A903AEFC1DFB3A" box="[189,956,1246,1273]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A903AEFECDFB3B" box="[189,364,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF90589403AFFDA1FB3A" box="[384,512,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Acrocoelia</emphasis>
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)
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||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B0003AFFDCDFB3A" box="[532,620,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">degeeri</emphasis>
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var.
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||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905BBF03AFFD5FFB3A" box="[683,766,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">lunaris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF905A1C03AFFC1DFB3A" author="Santschi" box="[776,956,1246,1272]" firstAuthor="Santschi" page="64" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="54 - 69" refId="ref31027" refString="Santschi F. 1928. Descriptions de nouvelles fourmis ethiopiennes (quatrieme note). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 16: 54 - 69." type="journal article" year="1928">Santschi, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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</originalDetermination>
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||
: 64
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFE6FF905AED03AFFBF1FB3A" box="[1017,1104,1246,1272]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="worker">Worker</specimenCount>
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||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFE6FF905D8A03AFFAD2FB3A" box="[1182,1395,1246,1272]" name="Madagascar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<location id="8EC839B3FFE6FF9059A90274FED2FADC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BEDE7EFFE6FF9C5B5E033CFAD6FAC7:8EC839B3FFE6FF9059A90274FED2FADC" box="[189,371,1284,1311]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Ambohimahosoa" name="Mont. Voiposa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mont. Voiposa</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCF512FFE6FF9058900275FDEDFADC" box="[388,588,1284,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ambohimahosoa</collectingMunicipality>
|
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(
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||
<collectorName id="26E20ABEFFE6FF905B760275FCB4FADC" box="[610,789,1284,1310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Descarpentries</collectorName>
|
||
, leg.) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE6FF905A660274FC71FADD" box="[882,976,1285,1311]" collectionName="Switzerland, Basel, Naturhistorisches Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NHMB</collectionCode>
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, examined]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFE6FF905D600274FB48FADD" box="[1140,1257,1285,1311]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
worker by present designation [CASENT0101174, image on AntWeb]. syn. nov.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A90201FC57FA48" blockId="22.[189,1208,1391,1535]" box="[189,1014,1391,1418]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFE6FF9059A90201FC57FA48" box="[189,1014,1391,1418]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A90201FE43FA4B" box="[189,482,1391,1418]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF9059A90201FE6AFA4B" ID-CoL="ZBMN" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[189,459,1391,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">Crematogaster degeeri</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFE6FF9058FD021EFD05FA4B" author="Forel A." box="[489,676,1391,1417]" page="190" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF9058FD021EFD05FA4B" author="Forel" box="[489,676,1391,1417]" firstAuthor="Forel" page="190" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="22" refId="ref29888" refString="Forel A. 1891. Les Formicides. In: Grandidier A. (ed.) Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 22, Imprimerie nationale, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1599" type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel 1891: 190</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(queen and male described).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A902E7FBE6FA6D" blockId="22.[189,1208,1391,1535]" box="[189,1095,1429,1456]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFE6FF9059A902E7FBE6FA6D" box="[189,1095,1429,1456]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A902E7FE67FA6D" box="[189,454,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF9059A902E7FE0EFA6D" box="[189,431,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geeri">Crematogaster geeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFE6FF9058D902E4FD3CFA72" author="Schulz W. A." box="[461,669,1429,1456]" page="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1906">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF9058D902E4FD3CFA72" author="Schulz" box="[461,669,1429,1456]" firstAuthor="Schulz" page="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31" refId="ref31130" refString="Schulz W. A. 1906. Spolia hymenopterologica. Junfermannsche Buchhandlung, Paderborn. Smith M. A. & Fisher B. L. 2009. Invasions, DNA barcodes, and rapid biodiversity assessment using ants of Mauritius. Frontiers in Zoology 6 (31). http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 6 - 31" type="journal article" year="1906">Schulz 1906: 155</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; unjustified subsequent emendation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A902CDFB19FA17" blockId="22.[189,1208,1391,1535]" box="[189,1208,1467,1494]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFE6FF9059A902CDFB19FA17" box="[189,1208,1467,1494]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF9059A902CDFD34FA17" ID-CoL="ZBMN" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[189,661,1467,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri" subGenus="Crematogaster">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A902CDFECDFA14" box="[189,364,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF90586902CDFD8DFA14" box="[381,556,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B2902CAFD34FA17" box="[573,661,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B8802CDFD0AFA17" box="[668,683,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFE6FF905BA602CAFC12FA14" author="Wheeler W. M." box="[690,947,1467,1494]" page="1022" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF905BA602CAFC12FA14" author="Wheeler" box="[690,947,1467,1494]" firstAuthor="Wheeler" page="1022" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1005 - 1055" refId="ref31547" refString="Wheeler W. M. 1922 b. IX. A synonymic list of the ants of the Malagasy region. In: Wheeler W. M. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa: 1005 - 1055. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45, American Museum of Natural History, New- York." type="journal article" year="1922" yearSuffix="b">Wheeler 1922b: 1022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFE6FF905AF702CAFB15FA17" author="Bolton B." box="[995,1204,1467,1494]" page="166" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF905AF702CAFB15FA17" author="Bolton" box="[995,1204,1467,1494]" firstAuthor="Bolton" page="166" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref29294" refString="Bolton B. 1995. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3A18AFFE6FF905AF702CAFB92FA17" box="[995,1075,1467,1493]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
1995: 166
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A90294FCF7FA3D" blockId="22.[189,1208,1391,1535]" box="[189,854,1509,1535]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFE6FF9059A90294FCF7FA3D" box="[189,854,1509,1535]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF9059A90294FDC7FA3D" ID-CoL="ZBMN" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[189,614,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri" subGenus="Acrocoelia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A90294FECDFA3D" box="[189,364,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9058690294FE5CFA3D" box="[381,509,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Acrocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B1A0294FDC7FA3D" box="[526,614,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B790297FDDDFA3D" box="[621,636,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFE6FF905B970294FCF3FA3D" author="Emery C." box="[643,850,1509,1535]" page="146" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE6FF905B970294FCF3FA3D" author="Emery" box="[643,850,1509,1535]" firstAuthor="Emery" page="146" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref29671" refString="Emery C. 1922. Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. Genera Insectorum 174 B, L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles." type="book" year="1922">Emery 1922: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFE6FF9059A90158FBBCF82E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A90158FE97F981" blockId="22.[189,310,1577,1603]" box="[189,310,1577,1603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFE6FF9059A90158FE97F981" bold="true" box="[189,310,1577,1603]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF9059A90158FE97F981" bold="true" box="[189,310,1577,1603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A9012AFEA3F898" blockId="22.[189,1399,1627,1882]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905852012AFE62F9B7" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[326,451,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905852012AFE62F9B7" box="[326,451,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-assemblage, this species is most easily recognized by its large eyes (OI 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905C79012DFAD6F9B7" box="[1389,1399,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26), fairly long propodeal spines (SPI 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905BC901F3FD46F959" box="[733,743,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.16), and a promesonotum that usually bears angular posterolateral denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFE6FF9058CE01D6FD93F900" box="[474,562,1703,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,532,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,522,1734]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Key to the species of the C. degeeri-assemblage (part II). A. Pronotum with sharp lateral margins [C. malahelo sp. nov., CASENT0317768]. B. Pronotum lacking sharp lateral margin [C. alafara sp. nov., CASENT0492837]. C. Mesonotum with posterolateral denticles [C. degeeri Forel, 1886, CASENT0071423]. D. Mesonotum without distinct posterolateral denticles [C. ramamy sp. nov., CASENT0317764]. E. Propodeum with distinct short dorsal face and transverse impression, sculpture carinulate [C. ramamy sp. nov., CASENT0317764]. F. Propodeum lacking distinct dorsal face and transverse impression, sculpture rugulose [C. dentata Dalla Torre, 1893 stat. nov., CASENT0138289]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825361/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is distinctly set off from propodeum in lateral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905DDC01D9FEB4F925" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905DDC01D9FEB4F925" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905B2801BFFD61F925" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[572,704,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamy" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B2801BFFD61F925" box="[572,704,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. ramamy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFE6FF905BDD01BFFC87F92A" box="[713,806,1742,1768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905A7501BFFC7CF925" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Dalla Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[865,989,1741,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905A7501BFFC7CF925" box="[865,989,1741,1768]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFE6FF905AF201BFFBF2F92A" box="[998,1107,1742,1768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but in both of the latter the promesonotum is not distinctly set off from the propodeum. Furthermore, the latter two species have generally shorter propodeal spines (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905B7C006BFD42F8F6" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Dalla Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[616,739,1818,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B7C006BFD42F8F6" box="[616,739,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFE6FF905BF8006BFCF6F8F6" box="[748,855,1818,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
SPI 0.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905AD2006AFC71F8F6" box="[966,976,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.10;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905D00006BFB39F8F6" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[1044,1176,1818,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamy" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905D00006BFB39F8F6" box="[1044,1176,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. ramamy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFE6FF905DB5006BFB5FF8F6" box="[1185,1278,1818,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
SPI 0.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905C79006AFAD6F8F6" box="[1389,1399,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE6FF9059A900F4FBBCF82E" blockId="22.[189,1399,1924,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Mean barcode divergences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905B7E00F4FD45F85C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[618,740,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B7E00F4FD45F85C" box="[618,740,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905AEE00F4FBD4F85C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[1018,1141,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905AEE00F4FBD4F85C" box="[1018,1141,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-assemblage are 13.2
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905C7900F4FAD6F85C" box="[1389,1399,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
||
18.0 %, except with regard to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905B3700DAFD07F806" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[547,678,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B3700DAFD07F806" box="[547,678,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. ramamy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where this level is only 4.7% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6955AD3FFE6FF905D3300DBFB22F807" box="[1063,1155,1962,1989]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@8.[189,1403,394,1151]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Summary of Tamura-Nei distance matrix. Divergences of cytochrome oxidase I sequences, as estimated under the Tamura-Nei Model (Tamura & Nei 1993) within the software MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011). Bold font emphasizes highest levels of divergence within and between species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF683FE0FFF8FF8E59A9067DFB51FEAE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF683FE0FFF8FF8E59A9067DFB51FEAE">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In our analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905C4800DAFEB4F829" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905C4800DAFEB4F829" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE6FF905B9700A0FCA7F829" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[643,774,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE6FF905B9700A0FCA7F829" box="[643,774,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. ramamy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see comments below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFE7FF9159A9067AFBF3FE28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A9067AFE4DFEE7" blockId="23.[189,492,267,293]" box="[189,492,267,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFE7FF9159A9067AFE4DFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,492,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159A9067AFE4DFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,492,267,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFE7FF9159A9067AFF5BFEE7" box="[189,250,267,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A9064BFAFDFEB5" blockId="23.[189,1399,313,375]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F6535FFE7FF9159D1064BFC55FE96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761959302" box="[197,1012,313,340]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CASENT0101690" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE7FF9159D1064BFE83FE96" box="[197,290,314,340]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFE7FF915828064BFDACFE96" box="[316,525,314,340]" name="Madagascar" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
(M. Grandidier),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFE7FF915BEB064BFCD2FE91" box="[767,883,313,340]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="worker">2 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFE7FF915A91064BFC4EFE96" box="[901,1007,314,340]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F6535FFE7FF915D11064BFAFDFEB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761959325" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Madagascar" location="AntWeb" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CASENT0101690" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-worker="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFE7FF915D11064BFBDBFE96" box="[1029,1146,314,340]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFE7FF915D990648FB41FE91" box="[1165,1248,313,339]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
|
||
by present designation: top
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFE7FF915895062DFE75FEB4" box="[385,468,348,374]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
|
||
of these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFE7FF915B2A062CFD4DFEB4" box="[574,748,348,375]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
on one pin [
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB1C713FFE7FF915A69062DFBFDFEB4" box="[893,1116,348,374]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CASENT0101690</specimenCode>
|
||
; imaged on AntWeb].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A906EFFE58FE7A" blockId="23.[189,505,414,440]" box="[189,505,414,440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFE7FF9159A906EFFE58FE7A" bold="true" box="[189,505,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159A906EFFE58FE7A" bold="true" box="[189,505,414,440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A906A1FBF3FE28" blockId="23.[189,1106,464,490]" box="[189,1106,464,490]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE7FF9159D106A1FEB7FE28" box="[197,278,464,490]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE7FF91583606A1FED9FE28" box="[290,376,464,490]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MCZC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE7FF91589006A1FE40FE28" box="[388,481,464,490]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE7FF9158F806A1FDE6FE28" box="[492,583,464,490]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NMBH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFE7FF915B4706A1FD08FE28" box="[595,681,464,490]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PSWC</collectionCode>
|
||
): refer to Supplementary Material 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFE7FF9C59A90560FB2FFCB1" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A90560FEBEFDE9" blockId="23.[189,287,529,555]" box="[189,287,529,555]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFE7FF9159A90560FEBEFDE9" bold="true" box="[189,287,529,555]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159A90560FEBEFDE9" bold="true" box="[189,287,529,555]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Worker</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159FE0531FE03FD98" blockId="23.[189,1399,576,743]" box="[234,418,576,602]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159FE0531FE03FD98" bold="true" box="[234,418,576,602]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A90512FE94FD25" blockId="23.[189,1399,576,743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
(n = 15) HW 0.81
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9158980515FE37FDBF" box="[396,406,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.05; HL 0.76
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915B2C0515FDE3FDBF" box="[568,578,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.97; EL 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915BF50515FD4AFDBF" box="[737,747,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.24; SL 0.63
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915A9D0515FC32FDBF" box="[905,915,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.78; WL 0.81
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915D2F0515FBE4FDBF" box="[1083,1093,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.09; SPL 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915DE70515FB5CFDBF" box="[1267,1277,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.16; PTH 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159E405F6FF5BFD62" box="[240,250,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.22; PTL 0.25
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9158A405F6FE1BFD62" box="[432,442,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.33; PTW 0.28
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915B6D05F6FD22FD62" box="[633,643,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.41; PPL 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915A2305F6FCE0FD62" box="[823,833,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.20; PPW 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915AEB05F6FBA8FD62" box="[1023,1033,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.33; LHT 0.60
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915DD705F6FB6CFD62" box="[1219,1229,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.81; CI 1.06
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915C7905F6FAD6FD62" box="[1389,1399,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.11; OI 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF91584D05DBFEC2FD01" box="[345,355,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26; SI 0.77
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9158E805DBFDA7FD01" box="[508,518,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.86; SPI 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915BBA05DBFD19FD01" box="[686,696,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.16; PTHI 0.56
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915A6C05DBFC23FD01" box="[888,898,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.77; PTWI 1.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915D5305DBFBF0FD01" box="[1095,1105,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.39; PPI 1.52
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915DEE05DBFAA5FD01" box="[1274,1284,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.95; LBI 1.29
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159E405BCFF5BFD24" box="[240,250,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.44.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159FE047FFEDAFCEA" blockId="23.[189,971,782,844]" box="[234,379,782,808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159FE047FFEDAFCEA" bold="true" box="[234,379,782,808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A90440FC6AFC89" blockId="23.[189,971,782,844]" box="[189,971,817,844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFE7FF9159D20440FE9EFC89" box="[198,319,817,843]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,682,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[189,1399,678,1923]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 8. Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886, worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0118982). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0012763). D. Full-face. E. Dorsal F. Profile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825367/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fig. 8A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9158340443FE8BFC89" box="[288,298,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
C
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small to medium size (HW 0.81
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915BDE0443FD75FC89" box="[714,724,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.05, WL 0.81
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915A680443FC27FC89" box="[892,902,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.09).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A90402FAF0FC34" blockId="23.[189,1399,883,1015]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Masticatory margin of mandibles with four teeth; head shape quadrate, mostly as long as wide (CI 1.06
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159E404E6FF5BFC72" box="[240,250,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.11); posterior margin of head in full-face view laterally rounded or subangular; occipital carinae usually distinct; antennal scapes reaching or surpassing head margin; midline of eyes situated slightly above midline of head in full-face view; eyes fairly large (OI 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915AD604ACFC6DFC34" box="[962,972,989,1014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26) and moderately protruding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A9036BFACFFA56" blockId="23.[189,1399,1050,1428]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Pronotum laterally angular; promesonotal suture indistinct; mesonotum more or less forming one plane with pronotum, but often the two separated by distinct variation in sculpture (see below); mesonotum usually with a short posterior face; laterally mesonotum angular to carinate, and often with posterolateral denticles, which set off the promesonotum distinctly from propodeum; posterior face of mesonotum longitudinally depressed with respect to lateral carinae, slopes gently into metanotal groove; metanotal groove fairly shallow, laterally constricted; propodeal spines short, spiniform (SPI 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915DDF03BAFB74FB26" box="[1227,1237,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.16), usually straight and moderately diverging; propodeal spiracles large, situated directly at base of spines; dorsal face of propodeum convex, almost as long as posterior face; posterior face of propodeum gently sloping; petiole in dorsal view from moderately to strongly flared and usually strongly concave, dorsolaterally carinate but without posterolateral tubercules or denticles; subpetiolar process variable; postpetiole wider than long, very distinctly bilobed by a sharp median impression; subpostpetiolar process absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A902C6FCFBF8F3" blockId="23.[189,1399,1463,1842]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Head sculpture shiny to aciculate; pronotum usually dorsally costulate and contrasting abruptly with a shiny to aciculate mesonotum; propleuron aciculate or reticulate, mesopleuron areolate, metapleuron mostly carinulate; dorsal face of propodeum carinulate or reticulate, posterior face shiny; dorsal face of petiole reticulate; helcium reticulate; postpetiole dorsally aciculate-reticulate; lateral and ventral face of petiole and postpetiole reticulate; face usually with four to eight erect, longer setae, and regular shorter appressed to suberect pubescence; erect pilosity on promesonotum variable, usually <eight long setae; otherwise promesonotum dorsally with regular appressed to subdecumbent pubescence; petiole and postpetiole usually with a pair of short erect setae posterolaterally, and shorter suberect, decumbent or appressed pubescence; abdominal tergites four to seven with very sparse, short, erect pilosity, more abundant and longer on sternites four to seven, and abundant appressed to decumbent pubescence throughout. Color reddish brown to dark brown or black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A90028FEAFF8B1" blockId="23.[189,270,1881,1907]" box="[189,270,1881,1907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFE7FF9159A90028FEAFF8B1" bold="true" box="[189,270,1881,1907]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159A90028FEAFF8B1" bold="true" box="[189,270,1881,1907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Queen</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159FE00F9FE03F860" blockId="23.[189,1399,1928,2025]" box="[234,418,1928,1954]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF9159FE00F9FE03F860" bold="true" box="[234,418,1928,1954]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE7FF9159A900DAFAD6F82A" blockId="23.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
(n = 3) HW 1.44
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF91586900DDFE26F807" box="[381,391,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.56; HL 1.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915B3D00DDFD92F807" box="[553,563,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.42; EL 0.40
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915BC600DDFD7DF807" box="[722,732,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.45; SL 0.95
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915A6E00DDFC25F807" box="[890,900,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.99; MSNW 1.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915D4F00DDFBC4F807" box="[1115,1125,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.46; MSNL 1.42
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915C2500DDFA9AF807" box="[1329,1339,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.50; WL 2.49
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF91583200BEFE91F82A" box="[294,304,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.68; SPL 0.00; PTH 0.38
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915B7200BEFDD1F82A" box="[614,624,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.41; PTL 0.43
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915A3700BEFC8CF82A" box="[803,813,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.53; PTW 0.51
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915AFF00BEFC54F82A" box="[1003,1013,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.59; PPL 0.35
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915DB300BEFB10F82A" box="[1191,1201,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.38; PPW 0.56
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE7FF915C7900BEFAD6F82A" box="[1389,1399,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE8FF9E59A9067AFC8EFE8B" blockId="24.[189,1399,267,329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
0.60; LHT 1.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5867067DFEDCFEE7" box="[371,381,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.14; CI 1.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5B0C067DFD83FEE7" box="[536,546,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.10; OI 0.28
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5BAA067DFD69FEE7" box="[702,712,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.32; SI 0.68
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5A4B067DFCC8FEE7" box="[863,873,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.72; MSNI 0.83
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5D24067DFB9BFEE7" box="[1072,1082,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.97; SPI 0.00; PTHI 0.72
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5C79067DFAD6FEE7" box="[1389,1399,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.95; PTWI 1.06
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5896065EFE2DFE8A" box="[386,396,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.27; PPI 1.53
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5B20065EFD9FFE8A" box="[564,574,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.60; LBI 2.23
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5BFE065EFD55FE8A" box="[746,756,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.37.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE8FF9E59FE0601FEDAFE48" blockId="24.[189,1372,368,430]" box="[234,379,368,394]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E59FE0601FEDAFE48" bold="true" box="[234,379,368,394]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE8FF9E59A906E2FAFDFE6F" blockId="24.[189,1372,368,430]" box="[189,1372,403,430]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFE8FF9E59D206E2FE9DFE6C" box="[198,316,403,430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,682,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[189,1399,678,1923]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 8. Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886, worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0118982). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0012763). D. Full-face. E. Dorsal F. Profile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825367/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Fig. 8D
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E583406E5FE8BFE6F" box="[288,298,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
F
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) Medium size (HW 1.44
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5B7406E5FDCBFE6F" box="[608,618,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.56, WL 2.49
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5A0606E5FCBDFE6F" box="[786,796,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.68). With worker characters, except as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE8FF9E59A906A4FE47FD9A" blockId="24.[189,1398,469,600]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Masticatory margin of mandibles with five teeth. Antennal scapes not reaching posterior margin of head, but surpassing level of lateral ocelli; eyes large (OI 0.28
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5A4D0688FCC2FDD0" box="[857,867,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.32), situated at midline of head in full-face view; head shape fairly quadrate (CI 1.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5BB7056DFD0CFDF7" box="[675,685,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.10), moderately tapering from posterior to anterior margin; posterior margin straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF683FE0FFE8FF9E59A900DCFACCF829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825367/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[195,1393,682,1910]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE8FF9E59A900DCFACCF829" blockId="24.[189,1399,1965,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E59A900DCFEB0F805" bold="true" box="[189,273,1965,1991]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE8FF9E580A00DFFD71F805" authority="Forel, 1886" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[286,720,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E580A00DFFD92F805" box="[286,563,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE8FF9E5B5400DCFD71F805" author="Forel" box="[576,720,1965,1991]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref29826" refString="Forel A. 1886. Diagnoses provisoires de quelques especes nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, recoltees par M. Grandidier. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus de Seance 30." type="journal volume" year="1886">Forel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, worker and queen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5AC200DCFBB3F805" bold="true" box="[982,1042,1965,1991]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A-C.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker (CASENT0118982).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E59A900A1FF7BF828" bold="true" box="[189,218,2000,2026]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E584D00A0FED5F829" bold="true" box="[345,372,2001,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E58CC00A1FE54F828" bold="true" box="[472,501,2000,2026]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5B4D00A0FD2EF829" bold="true" box="[601,655,2001,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D-F.</emphasis>
|
||
Queen (CASENT0012763).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5AF100A0FBA3F829" bold="true" box="[997,1026,2001,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5D9500A0FB3DF829" bold="true" box="[1153,1180,2001,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE8FF9E5DED00A0FAACF829" bold="true" box="[1273,1293,2001,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE9FF9F59A9067DFB5EFEAE" blockId="25.[189,1398,267,364]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Mesosoma fairly compact (MSNI 0.83
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F5B97067DFD2CFEE7" box="[643,653,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.97, WL 2.49
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F5A22067DFCE1FEE7" box="[822,832,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.68); mesoscutum in dorsal view about as wide as long; dorsal face of propodeum distinct but short; propodeum tuberculate but distinct spines absent; petiole moderately flared, postpetiole merely impressed behind; subpetiolar process variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE9FF9F59A906E2FC3DFDF8" blockId="25.[189,1398,403,570]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sculpture shiny to aciculate throughout; face with four to six longer erect setae and abundant shorter erect to suberect pilosity; mesonotum with abundant, short, and scattered longer erect setae; petiole and postpetiole with very dense short suberect pilosity, and postpetiole often with additional longer dorsoposterior setae; abdominal tergites and four to seven with abundant appressed pilosity and regular, short, erect pilosity. Color similar to respective workers; wings clear.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE9FF9F59A90513FF5CFDBE" blockId="25.[189,253,610,636]" box="[189,253,610,636]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFE9FF9F59A90513FF5CFDBE" bold="true" box="[189,253,610,636]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F59A90513FF5CFDBE" bold="true" box="[189,253,610,636]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE9FF9F59FE05E1FE03FD68" blockId="25.[189,1399,656,788]" box="[234,418,656,682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F59FE05E1FE03FD68" bold="true" box="[234,418,656,682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE9FF9F59A905C2FD61FCD6" blockId="25.[189,1399,656,788]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">(n = 1) HW 0.74; HL 0.51; EL 0.29; SL 0.12; MSNW 0.91; MSNL 0.82; WL 1.53; SPL 0.00; PTH 0.24; PTL 0.26; PTW 0.30; PPL 0.19; PPW 0.35; LHT 0.86; CI 1.46; OI 0.57; SI 0.24; MSNI 1.12; SPI 0.00; PTHI 0.91; PTWI 1.16; PPI 1.82; LBI 1.78.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF683FE0FFE9FF9F59A900DCFD31F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825369/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[199,1393,864,1912]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFE9FF9F59A900DCFD31F829" blockId="25.[189,1398,1965,2027]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F59A900DCFEADF805" bold="true" box="[189,268,1965,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFE9FF9F580100DFFD19F805" authority="Forel, 1886" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[277,696,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F580100DFFD85F805" box="[277,548,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFE9FF9F5B3900DCFD19F805" author="Forel" box="[557,696,1965,1991]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref29826" refString="Forel A. 1886. Diagnoses provisoires de quelques especes nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, recoltees par M. Grandidier. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus de Seance 30." type="journal volume" year="1886">Forel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F5AC500DCFBB2F805" bold="true" box="[977,1043,1965,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A, C.</emphasis>
|
||
(CASENT0127520).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F5C0C00DCFA94F805" bold="true" box="[1304,1333,1965,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Fullface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFE9FF9F59E900A1FEB8F828" bold="true" box="[253,281,2000,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile. B. Species distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59FE067AFEDAFEE7" blockId="26.[189,667,267,329]" box="[234,379,267,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C59FE067AFEDAFEE7" bold="true" box="[234,379,267,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A9065FFD3AFE8B" blockId="26.[189,667,267,329]" box="[189,667,302,329]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFEAFF9C59D2065FFEE5FE8A" box="[198,324,302,328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,864,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1399,854,1923]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886, male and distribution. A, C. (CASENT0127520). A. Fullface. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825369/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small (HW 0.74, WL 1.53).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A90601FC88FDDA" blockId="26.[189,1399,368,536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mandibles very short and reduced, masticatory margin with two teeth, one large apical and a minute second; clypeus moderately protruding; eyes large (OI 0.57) and protruding, midline of eyes situated well below midline of head, almost extending to clypeal margin; antennae 12-segmented; head much wider than long (CI 1.46); in full-face view ocellar triangle situated at posterior head margin and elevated with respect to rest of face; occipital carinae distinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A90531FD7DFD25" blockId="26.[189,1399,575,743]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mesoscutum in dorsal view as wide as long (MSNI 1.12); scutellum in dorsal view broadly tapering from anterior to posterior end, dorsoposteriorly rounded; metanotum protruding from below scutellum; dorsal face of propodeum almost as long as posterior face; propodeal spines absent; petiole in dorsal view oval, laterally rounded, in lateral view anteriorly greatly tapering; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole round, lacking median impression.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A9047EFB2FFCB1" blockId="26.[189,1399,783,883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Head sculpture shiny to rugulose, clypeus shiny; mesoscutum with very fine longitudinal carinulae; otherwise sculpture more or less shiny to aciculate; scattered, short, erect pilosity and a few longer setae on face, mesoscutum, and scutellum; remaining pilosity as in queens. Color brown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFEAFF9C59A904EBFDFDFBB3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A904EBFE4EFC76" blockId="26.[189,495,922,949]" box="[189,495,922,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFEAFF9C59A904EBFE4EFC76" bold="true" box="[189,495,922,949]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C59A904EBFE4EFC76" bold="true" box="[189,495,922,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A904B8FDFDFBB3" blockId="26.[189,1398,969,1137]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFEAFF9C59A904B8FE33FC21" box="[189,402,969,995]" name="Madagascar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFEAFF9C58B004BBFD1BFC21" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[420,698,969,996]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C58B004BBFD1BFC21" box="[420,698,969,996]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in montane rainforest, savannah, woodland and grassland habitats in central and south-central Madagascar at altitudes from
|
||
<quantity id="4CEFC28DFFEAFF9C5D5E049CFB58FBC5" box="[1098,1273,1004,1031]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1725.0" valueMax="2650.0" valueMin="800.0">800 to 2650 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFEAFF9C5C1F049DFAC8FBC5" box="[1291,1385,1004,1031]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,864,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1399,854,1923]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886, male and distribution. A, C. (CASENT0127520). A. Fullface. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825369/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs often in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFEAFF9C5BD10361FC9FFBE8" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[709,830,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mafybe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C5BD10361FC9FFBE8" box="[709,830,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. mafybe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFEAFF9C5A520361FC04FBE8" box="[838,933,1040,1066]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and at some locations with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFEAFF9C5DEE0361FACEFBE8" box="[1274,1391,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C5DEE0361FACEFBE8" box="[1274,1391,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. sewelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These ants are often found nesting on the ground under stones or in the soil, although a few records of arboreal twig collections also exist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFEAFF9C59A903E9FAD6FAC7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A903E9FEE5FB70" blockId="26.[189,324,1176,1202]" box="[189,324,1176,1202]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFEAFF9C59A903E9FEE5FB70" bold="true" box="[189,324,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C59A903E9FEE5FB70" bold="true" box="[189,324,1176,1202]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFEAFF9C59A903B9FAD6FAC7" blockId="26.[189,1399,1223,1285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
In the molecular analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFEAFF9C58E303B9FCA7FB23" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[503,774,1223,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C58E303B9FCA7FB23" box="[503,774,1223,1250]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Crematogaster degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to be not reciprocally monophyletic with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFEAFF9C5827039AFE15FAC7" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[307,436,1259,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C5827039AFE15FAC7" box="[307,436,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. ramamy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above and
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFEAFF9C5B7F039AFD0CFAC7" box="[619,685,1259,1285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[491,1096,271,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[482,1105,265,1715]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Mitochondrial phylogeny of species in the Crematogaster degeeri-assemblage. Results of Bayesian inference based on 592 bp of COI, summarized as a consensus tree in MrBayes. Support values in black represent posterior probabilities (pp), those in blue ML (Maximum Likelihood) bootstrap values>70, and those in red ML bootstrap values<70. Values pp <0.96 are not shown; nodes not present in the ML analysis are represented by a dash instead of a bootstrap value. The scale bar shows nucleotide changes per base pair. Long branches subtending the outgroup taxa C. madecassa Emery, 1895, C. ranavalonae Forel, 1887 and C. hova-complex have been shortened. Appended numbers on taxon labels represent CASENT#’s of respective voucher specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825353/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Refer to comments under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFEAFF9C5AE4039AFBD0FAC7" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[1008,1137,1259,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramamy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFEAFF9C5AE4039AFBD0FAC7" box="[1008,1137,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. ramamy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for further discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |