667 lines
74 KiB
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667 lines
74 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="906759FE4E9AEE696E8EF3507C5FFABD">Taxonomy of the Crematogaster degeeri-species-assemblage in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC6782FA969DD9B406AF6631D9100F00">Blaimer, Bonnie B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C240C77F990AE176F9A86F96E1E0B71F">Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA E-mail: bonnieblaimer @ gmail. com (corresponding author) & Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 ADA 98 B 1 - 6 FEC- 446 E-B 056 - 9244 F 417 F 0 BC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FC5145C6F969265BC1A50A1F73FE100">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 7 CFCBBE 5 - 5443 - 4 F 94 - B 2 AC- 04 BFD 4 D 520 F 0</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB058E0055DFC77FD85" authority="Gerstacker, 1859" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[500,982,555,583]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB058E0055DFCA6FD84" bold="true" box="[500,775,555,582]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05A1A055DFC77FD85" author="Gerstacker" box="[782,982,556,583]" firstAuthor="Gerstacker" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="261 - 264" refId="ref30045" refString="Gerstacker A. 1859. Hr. Peters berichtete uber sein Reisewerk, von dem die Insecten bis zum 64., die Botanik bis zum 34. Bogen gedruckt sind und theilte den Schluss der Diagnosen der von Hrn. Dr. Gerstacker bearbeiteten Hymenopteren mit. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1858: 261 - 264." type="journal article" year="1859">Gerstäcker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC6FFB05AC9055DFBE1FD84" box="[989,1088,556,582]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC6FFB05BCF053EFCF9FDAB" box="[731,856,591,617]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="56.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-1="57.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[199,1395,613,1880]" captionTargetBox-1="[204,1391,834,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[189,1399,605,1890]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[189,1399,828,1925]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="Fig. 22. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120944). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0120949). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." captionText-1="Fig. 23. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., male and distribution. A, C. Male (CASENT0136505). A. Full-face. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820580" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825393" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3820580/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3825393/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 22-23</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB059A905E0FD76FD69" authority="Gerstacker, 1859: 263" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,727,657,684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A905E0FE6CFD69" box="[189,461,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB058C005E0FD76FD69" author="Gerstacker" box="[468,727,657,684]" firstAuthor="Gerstacker" page="263" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="261 - 264" refId="ref30045" refString="Gerstacker A. 1859. Hr. Peters berichtete uber sein Reisewerk, von dem die Insecten bis zum 64., die Botanik bis zum 34. Bogen gedruckt sind und theilte den Schluss der Diagnosen der von Hrn. Dr. Gerstacker bearbeiteten Hymenopteren mit. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1858: 261 - 264." type="journal article" year="1859">Gerstäcker, 1859: 263</bibRefCitation>
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(w.) [also described as new by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB05D5C05E0FAEAFD69" author="Gerstacker A." box="[1096,1355,656,683]" page="515" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1862">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05D5C05E0FAEAFD69" author="Gerstacker" box="[1096,1355,656,683]" firstAuthor="Gerstacker" page="515" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="439 - 526" refId="ref30108" refString="Gerstacker A. 1862. Hymenoptera Hautflugler. In: Peters W. C. H. (ed.) Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique auf Befehl seiner Majestat des Konigs Friedrich Wilhelm IV in den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgefuhrt: 439 - 526. G. Reimer, Berlin." type="book chapter" year="1862">Gerstäcker 1862: 515</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A905A2FD5DFD2E" blockId="54.[189,1399,722,891]" box="[189,764,722,749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A905A2FE42FD2E" box="[189,483,722,749]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB059A905A2FE6CFD2E" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,461,722,749]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">Crematogaster tricolor</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB058FE05A3FD07FD2E" author="Forel A." box="[490,678,722,748]" page="388" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB058FE05A3FD07FD2E" author="Forel" box="[490,678,722,748]" firstAuthor="Forel" page="388" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref29861" refString="Forel A. 1887. Fourmis recoltees a Madagascar par le Dr. Conrad Keller. Mitteilungen der Schweizer Entomologischen Gesellschaft 7: 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1887">Forel 1887: 388</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(q.m.).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A90587FDA2FCF1" blockId="54.[189,1399,722,891]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFC6FFB059A90587FDA2FCF1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB059A90587FE6FFCD2" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,462,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A90587FE6FFCD2" box="[189,462,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, junior synonym of
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05BA90587FC52FCD2" box="[701,1011,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05BA90587FC7DFCD2" ID-CoL="ZBLN" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[701,988,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">Crematogaster castanea</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB05AEE0587FB0DFCD2" author="Mayr G." box="[1018,1196,758,784]" page="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05AEE0587FB0DFCD2" author="Mayr" box="[1018,1196,758,784]" firstAuthor="Mayr" page="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="7 - 24" refId="ref30535" refString="Mayr G. 1907. 2. Formicidae. In: Sjostedt Y. (ed.) 1907 - 1910 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. 2. Band, Abt. 8: 7 - 24. Koniglich-Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Stockholm." type="journal article" year="1907">Mayr 1907: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB05DCA0587FF7CFCF1" author="Emery C." page="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05DCA0587FF7CFCF1" author="Emery" firstAuthor="Emery" page="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref29639" refString="Emery C. 1915. Formiche raccolte nell'Eritrea dal Prof. F. Silvestri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura 10, Portici." type="book" year="1915">Emery 1915: 12</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB058190468FE5EFCF1" author="Wheeler W. M." box="[269,511,793,819]" page="830" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB058190468FE5EFCF1" author="Wheeler" box="[269,511,793,819]" firstAuthor="Wheeler" page="830" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="711 - 1004" refId="ref31480" refString="Wheeler W. M. 1922 a. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. In: Wheeler W. M. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa: 711 - 1004. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45, American Museum of Natural History, New- York." type="journal article" year="1922" yearSuffix="a">Wheeler 1922a: 830</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A9044CFAE4FC95" blockId="54.[189,1399,722,891]" box="[189,1349,828,855]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFC6FFB059A9044CFAE4FC95" box="[189,1349,828,855]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A9044CFDF2FC94" box="[189,595,828,855]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB059A9044CFD9CFC94" ID-CoL="5GNN4" box="[189,573,828,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="castanea" subSpecies="tricolor">Crematogaster castanea tricolor</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB05B4E044DFC8FFC95" author="Arnold G." box="[602,814,828,855]" page="489" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05B4E044DFC8FFC95" author="Arnold" box="[602,814,828,855]" firstAuthor="Arnold" page="489" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="403 - 578" refId="ref28965" refString="Arnold G. 1920. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. (Myrmicinae). Annals of the South African Museum 14 (4): 403 - 578." type="journal article" year="1920">Arnold 1920: 489</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB05A4A044CFB8DFC95" author="Emery C." box="[862,1068,828,855]" page="145" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05A4A044CFB8DFC95" author="Emery" box="[862,1068,828,855]" firstAuthor="Emery" page="145" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref29671" refString="Emery C. 1922. Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. Genera Insectorum 174 B, L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles." type="book" year="1922">Emery 1922: 145</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB05D49044DFAE3FC95" author="Santschi F." box="[1117,1346,828,855]" page="213" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB05D49044DFAE3FC95" author="Santschi" box="[1117,1346,828,855]" firstAuthor="Santschi" page="213" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="207 - 267" refId="ref31003" refString="Santschi F. 1926. Description de nouveaux Formicides ethiopiens (IIIeme partie). Revue Zoologique Africaine 13: 207 - 267." type="journal article" year="1926">Santschi 1926: 213</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A90411FD65FCB9" blockId="54.[189,1399,722,891]" box="[189,708,864,891]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFC6FFB059A90411FD65FCB9" box="[189,708,864,891]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB059A90411FE75FCB8" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,468,864,890]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" subGenus="Acrocoelia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A90411FF79FCB8" box="[189,216,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059FD0411FEC8FCB8" box="[233,361,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Acrocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB0586E0411FE75FCB8" box="[378,468,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB058CF0410FE4BFCB8" box="[475,490,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">–</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC6FFB058E50411FD1EFCB9" author="Emery C." box="[497,703,864,891]" page="145" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC6FFB058E50411FD1EFCB9" author="Emery" box="[497,703,864,891]" firstAuthor="Emery" page="145" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref29671" refString="Emery C. 1922. Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. Genera Insectorum 174 B, L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles." type="book" year="1922">Emery 1922: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC6FFB059A904D0FC59FB96" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A904D0FE97FC79" blockId="54.[189,310,929,955]" box="[189,310,929,955]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC6FFB059A904D0FE97FC79" bold="true" box="[189,310,929,955]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A904D0FE97FC79" bold="true" box="[189,310,929,955]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A904A1FC59FB96" blockId="54.[189,1399,976,1109]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The tricoloration of this species (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC6FFB05B7A04A1FD59FC28" box="[622,760,976,1002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1395,613,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,605,1890]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 22. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120944). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0120949). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820580/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 22B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) serves to uniquely identify this species from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB059A90485FECDFBCC" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1831" box="[189,364,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A90485FECDFBCC" box="[189,364,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05B0C0485FD33FBCF" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[536,658,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05B0C0485FD33FBCF" box="[536,658,1011,1038]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-assemblage. Beyond the color, the mostly very long propodeal spines (SPI 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB0586B0369FE28FBF3" box="[383,393,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26) are also useful diagnostic characters. Sequence divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05DED0366FAD6FBF3" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[1273,1399,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05DED0366FAD6FBF3" box="[1273,1399,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC6FFB059A9034AFE81FB97" box="[189,288,1083,1109]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and the remaining species ranges from 16.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05A31034AFC8EFB96" box="[805,815,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
22.2 % (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6955AD3FFC6FFB05A9A034BFC49FB96" box="[910,1000,1082,1108]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@8.[189,1403,394,1151]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Summary of Tamura-Nei distance matrix. Divergences of cytochrome oxidase I sequences, as estimated under the Tamura-Nei Model (Tamura & Nei 1993) within the software MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011). Bold font emphasizes highest levels of divergence within and between species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF683FE0FFF8FF8E59A9067DFB51FEAE" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="DF683FE0FFF8FF8E59A9067DFB51FEAE">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC6FFB059A9030DFBE5FA9A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A9030DFE4DFB57" blockId="54.[189,492,1147,1174]" box="[189,492,1147,1174]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC6FFB059A9030DFE4DFB57" bold="true" box="[189,492,1147,1174]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A9030DFE4DFB57" bold="true" box="[189,492,1147,1174]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFC6FFB059A9030DFF5BFB54" box="[189,250,1148,1174]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A903DBFDDEFB2A" blockId="54.[189,1399,1194,1256]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F6535FFC6FFB059D103DBFDDEFB2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761959328" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC6FFB059D103DBFE80FB06" box="[197,289,1194,1220]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ZMHB</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC6FFB0582E03DBFDA8FB06" box="[314,521,1194,1220]" name="Mozambique" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3A18AFFC6FFB05B0303DAFDE8FB07" box="[535,585,1195,1221]" country="Mozambique" name="Tete" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tete</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S. Peters), one worker;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFC6FFB05A9203DBFC53FB06" box="[902,1010,1194,1220]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
worker by present designation: CASENT0104590, image on AntWeb.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A9027EFE58FAEB" blockId="54.[189,505,1295,1321]" box="[189,505,1295,1321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC6FFB059A9027EFE58FAEB" bold="true" box="[189,505,1295,1321]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A9027EFE58FAEB" bold="true" box="[189,505,1295,1321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A9024FFBE5FA9A" blockId="54.[189,1092,1342,1368]" box="[189,1092,1342,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC6FFB059D1024FFEB6FA9A" box="[197,279,1342,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">BBBC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC6FFB05830024FFED5FA9A" box="[292,372,1342,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC6FFB0586B024FFE74FA9A" box="[383,469,1342,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MCZC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC6FFB058F5024FFD95FA9A" box="[481,564,1342,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PSWC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC6FFB05B2B024FFD3BFA9A" box="[575,666,1342,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ZMHB</collectionCode>
|
||
): refer to Supplementary Material 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC6FFBF59A902F1FBCBFDD5" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A902F1FEBEFA58" blockId="54.[189,287,1408,1434]" box="[189,287,1408,1434]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC6FFB059A902F1FEBEFA58" bold="true" box="[189,287,1408,1434]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A902F1FEBEFA58" bold="true" box="[189,287,1408,1434]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Worker</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059FE02DFFE03FA0A" blockId="54.[189,1399,1454,1622]" box="[234,418,1454,1480]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059FE02DFFE03FA0A" bold="true" box="[234,418,1454,1480]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A902A3FE94F994" blockId="54.[189,1399,1454,1622]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(n = 20) HW 0.71
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB0589802A3FE37FA29" box="[396,406,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.27; HL 0.65
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05B2C02A3FDE3FA29" box="[568,578,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.14; EL 0.16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05BF502A3FD4AFA29" box="[737,747,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26; SL 0.54
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05A9D02A3FC32FA29" box="[905,915,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.88; WL 0.73
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05D2F02A3FBE4FA29" box="[1083,1093,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.37; SPL 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05DE702A3FB5CFA29" box="[1267,1277,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.30; PTH 0.16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059E40287FF5BF9CD" box="[240,250,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.30; PTL 0.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB058A40287FE1BF9CD" box="[432,442,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.37; PTW 0.23
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05B6D0287FD22F9CD" box="[633,643,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.47; PPL 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05A220287FCE1F9CD" box="[822,832,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.25; PPW 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05AEA0287FBA9F9CD" box="[1022,1032,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.39; LHT 0.54
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05DD70287FB6CF9CD" box="[1219,1229,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.96; CI 1.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05C790287FAD6F9CD" box="[1389,1399,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.19; OI 0.21
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB0584E0168FEC5F9F0" box="[346,356,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.25; SI 0.77
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB058E80168FDA7F9F0" box="[508,518,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.83; SPI 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05BBB0168FD18F9F0" box="[687,697,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26; PTHI 0.60
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05A6C0168FC23F9F0" box="[888,898,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.80; PTWI 1.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05D5C0168FBF3F9F0" box="[1096,1106,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.26; PPI 1.46
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05DEE0168FAA5F9F0" box="[1274,1284,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.85; LBI 1.30
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059E4014DFF5BF997" box="[240,250,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.45.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059FE010CFEDAF955" blockId="54.[189,1057,1661,1723]" box="[234,379,1661,1687]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059FE010CFEDAF955" bold="true" box="[234,379,1661,1687]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A901D1FB80F978" blockId="54.[189,1057,1661,1723]" box="[189,1057,1696,1723]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC6FFB059D201D1FEEFF979" box="[198,334,1696,1723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1395,613,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,605,1890]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 22. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120944). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0120949). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820580/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig. 22A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB0583B01D0FE98F978" box="[303,313,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
C
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small to large size (0.71
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05B6F01D0FD24F978" box="[635,645,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.27, WL 0.73
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05A3901D0FC96F978" box="[813,823,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.37), usually large.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A90193FBFEF8A4" blockId="54.[189,1399,1762,1895]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Masticatory margin of mandibles with four teeth; head shape usually wider than long (CI 1.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05C330192FA90F93E" box="[1319,1329,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.19); posterior margin of head in full-face view laterally subangular, medially depressed; occipital carinae distinct; antennal scapes reaching or surpassing head margin; midline of eyes situated above midline of head in full-face view; eyes fairly large (OI 0.21
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05BE0003CFD5FF8A4" box="[756,766,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.25) and strongly protruding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB159A900FAFCFFFE1B" blockId="54.[189,1398,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="55.[189,1399,267,474]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Pronotum laterally angular; promesonotal suture indistinct; mesonotum often slightly raised with respect to pronotum, and with a median tubercule or carinae; mesonotum usually with a short posterior face; laterally mesonotum angular, posterior face carinate, distinctly set off from propodeum; posterior face of mesonotum sloping steeply into metanotal groove; metanotal groove fairly shallow, laterally constricted and bordered by carinae; propodeal spines short to medium-sized (SPI 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15D880641FB07FE8B" box="[1180,1190,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26), straight and moderately diverging; dorsal face of propodeum as long as posterior face; posterior face of propodeum gently sloping; petiole in dorsal view moderately flared and concave, dorsolaterally rounded, without posterolateral tubercules or denticles; subpetiolar process variable; postpetiole narrowly bilobed with a sharp median impression; subpostpetiolar process absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A9068FFB15FCD6" blockId="55.[189,1399,510,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Head and mesosomal sculpture areolate; petiole, helcium and postpetiole dorsally and ventrally reticulate; erect pilosity on face scarce, usually less than four erect longer setae, and regular, shorter, appressed pubescence; erect pilosity on promesonotum scarce, usually only two to four humeral setae; otherwise promesonotum dorsally with regular appressed to subdecumbent pubescence; petiole and postpetiole usually with a pair of short, erect setae posterolaterally, and shorter appressed pubescence; abdominal tergites four to seven with sparse, short, erect pilosity, more abundant and longer on sternites four to seven, and abundant appressed to decumbent pubescence throughout. Distinctly tricolored: Head and mesosoma reddish-orange, first half of abdominal segment four yellow, rest black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A90449FEAFFC90" blockId="55.[189,270,824,850]" box="[189,270,824,850]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC7FFB159A90449FEAFFC90" bold="true" box="[189,270,824,850]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159A90449FEAFFC90" bold="true" box="[189,270,824,850]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Queen</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159FE0419FE03FC40" blockId="55.[189,1399,872,1043]" box="[234,418,872,898]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159FE0419FE03FC40" bold="true" box="[234,418,872,898]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A904FDFC14FBD0" blockId="55.[189,1399,872,1043]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
(n = 8) HW 1.61
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB1586904FCFE26FC64" box="[381,391,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.77; HL 1.38
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B3D04FCFD92FC64" box="[553,563,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.49; EL 0.44
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15BC604FCFD7DFC64" box="[722,732,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.49; SL 0.98
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A6E04FCFC25FC64" box="[890,900,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.10; MSNW 1.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15D4F04FCFBC4FC64" box="[1115,1125,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.45; MSNL 1.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15C2504FCFA9AFC64" box="[1329,1339,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.46; WL 2.43
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB1583204C0FE91FC08" box="[294,304,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.69; SPL 0.00
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158F004C0FE4FFC08" box="[484,494,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.04; PTH 0.38
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15BB304C0FD10FC08" box="[679,689,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.44; PTL 0.42
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A7204C0FCD1FC08" box="[870,880,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.57; PTW 0.57
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15D3B04C0FB98FC08" box="[1071,1081,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.67; PPL 0.36
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15DF804C0FB57FC08" box="[1260,1270,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.40; PPW 0.57
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159E404A4FF5BFC2C" box="[240,250,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.64; LHT 1.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158A704A4FE1CFC2C" box="[435,445,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.30; CI 1.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B4F04A4FDC4FC2C" box="[603,613,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.21; OI 0.31
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A1004A4FCAFFC2C" box="[772,782,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.33; SI 0.69
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15ABD04A4FC12FC2C" box="[937,947,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.74; MSNI 0.85
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15D6804A4FB27FC2C" box="[1148,1158,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.04; SPI 0.00
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15C2504A4FA9AFC2C" box="[1329,1339,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.02; PTHI 0.72
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB1582D0488FEE2FBD0" box="[313,323,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.05; PTWI 1.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B1C0488FDB3FBD0" box="[520,530,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.53; PPI 1.41
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15BAD0488FD62FBD0" box="[697,707,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.69; LBI 1.98
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A640488FCDBFBD0" box="[880,890,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.30.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159FE034BFEDAFB96" blockId="55.[189,1390,1082,1145]" box="[234,379,1082,1108]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159FE034BFEDAFB96" bold="true" box="[234,379,1082,1108]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A9032FFACFFBBA" blockId="55.[189,1390,1082,1145]" box="[189,1390,1118,1145]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC7FFB159D1032FFEEEFBBB" box="[197,335,1118,1145]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1395,613,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1399,605,1890]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 22. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120944). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0120949). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820580/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Figs 22D
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15827032EFE9CFBBA" box="[307,317,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
F
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) Medium size (HW 1.61
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B67032EFDDCFBBA" box="[627,637,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.77, WL 2.43
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A31032EFC8EFBBA" box="[805,815,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.69). With worker characters, except as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A903D1FAF6FAC0" blockId="55.[189,1398,1184,1283]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Masticatory margin of mandibles with five teeth; antennal scapes reaching or surpassing level of lateral ocelli; eyes fairly large (OI 0.31
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B5103B4FDEEFB1C" box="[581,591,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.33), situated at midline of head in full-face view; head distinctly wider than long (CI 1.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158CA0398FE49FAC0" box="[478,488,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.21), tapering from anterior to posterior margin; posterior margin straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A9025AFDCDFA4E" blockId="55.[189,1398,1322,1421]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Mesoscutum in dorsal view longer than wide, or as wide as long (MSNI 0.85
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15D61025AFBDEFA86" box="[1141,1151,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.04); dorsal face of propodeum short; propodeal tubercules present; petiole moderately flared, postpetiole merely impressed behind; subpetiolar process variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A902C4FE0EF941" blockId="55.[189,1399,1461,1667]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sculpture carinulate on face and propodeum, otherwise aciculate throughout; face usually with> six longer erect setae and abundant shorter erect to suberect pilosity; mesonotum with abundant short and scattered longer erect setae; petiole and postpetiole with dense, short, suberect pilosity, and postpetiole often with additional, longer dorso-posterior setae; abdominal tergites and sternites four to seven with abundant appressed pilosity and sparse, short, erect pilosity. Tricoloration is similar to workers, but less distinct; wings clear.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A901DAFF5CF907" blockId="55.[189,253,1707,1733]" box="[189,253,1707,1733]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC7FFB159A901DAFF5CF907" bold="true" box="[189,253,1707,1733]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159A901DAFF5CF907" bold="true" box="[189,253,1707,1733]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159FE01AAFE03F937" blockId="55.[189,1399,1755,1925]" box="[234,418,1755,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159FE01AAFE03F937" bold="true" box="[234,418,1755,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A9018EFD4DF847" blockId="55.[189,1399,1755,1925]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
(n = 3) HW 0.73
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15869018EFE26F8DA" box="[381,391,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.82; HL 0.54
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B3D018EFD92F8DA" box="[553,563,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.60; EL 0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15BC6018EFD7DF8DA" box="[722,732,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.31; SL 0.10
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A6E018EFC25F8DA" box="[890,900,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.15; MSNW 0.80
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15D4F018EFBC4F8DA" box="[1115,1125,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.95; MSNL 0.77
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15C25018EFA9AF8DA" box="[1329,1339,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.91; WL 1.40
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158320052FE91F8FE" box="[294,304,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.78; SPL 0.00; PTH 0.21
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B730052FDD0F8FE" box="[615,625,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.24; PTL 0.25
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A300052FC8FF8FE" box="[804,814,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.29; PTW 0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15AF80052FC57F8FE" box="[1004,1014,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.31; PPL 0.18; PPW 0.28
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15C250052FA9AF8FE" box="[1329,1339,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.35; LHT 0.73
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158250036FE9AF8A2" box="[305,315,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.91; CI 1.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158C20036FE41F8A2" box="[470,480,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.36; OI 0.50
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B6A0036FD29F8A2" box="[638,648,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.53; SI 0.19
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15A340036FC8BF8A2" box="[800,810,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.26; MSNI 1.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15AE60036FC5DF8A2" box="[1010,1020,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.04; SPI 0.00; PTHI 0.80
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15C250036FA9AF8A2" box="[1329,1339,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.83; PTWI 1.05
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB1582B001AFEE8F846" box="[319,329,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.10; PPI 1.59
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB158E5001AFE5AF846" box="[497,507,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.91; LBI 1.92
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15BB3001AFD10F846" box="[679,689,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
2.00.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159FE00DDFEDAF804" blockId="55.[189,804,1964,2027]" box="[234,379,1964,1990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB159FE00DDFEDAF804" bold="true" box="[234,379,1964,1990]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC7FFB159A900A0FC85F829" blockId="55.[189,804,1964,2027]" box="[189,804,2001,2027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC7FFB159D200A0FEF2F829" box="[198,339,2001,2027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[204,1391,834,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[189,1399,828,1925]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 23. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., male and distribution. A, C. Male (CASENT0136505). A. Full-face. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825393/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 23A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small (HW 0.73
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15B3700A3FD8CF829" box="[547,557,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.82, WL 1.40
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC7FFB15BC100A3FD7EF829" box="[725,735,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.78).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC8FFBE59A9067AFEBAFE70" blockId="56.[189,1399,267,434]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Mandibles short (not touching when closed) with two regular-sized teeth; clypeus fairly flat; eyes large (OI 0.50
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5834065EFE8BFE8A" box="[288,298,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.53) and protruding, midline of eyes situated well below midline of head, almost extending to clypeal margin; antennae 12-segmented; head wider than long (CI 1.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5D100622FBAFFEAE" box="[1028,1038,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.36); in full-face view ocellar triangle situated at posterior head margin and elevated with respect to rest of face; occipital carinae distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC8FFBF59A906ABFDA0FE4D" blockId="56.[189,1399,473,535]" lastBlockId="57.[189,1398,267,399]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Mesoscutum in dorsal view as wide as long (MSNI 1.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5A9706ABFC2CFE31" box="[899,909,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.04); scutellum in dorsal view broadly tapering from anterior to posterior end, dorsoposterior part rounded; metanotum protruding from below scutellum; dorsal face of propodeum almost as long as posterior face; propodeal spines absent; propodeal spiracle situated in a margined depression on propodeum; petiole in dorsal view oval, laterally rounded, in lateral view anteriorly greatly tapering; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole fairly flat and short, lacking median impression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF683FE0FFC8FFBE59A900FBFE11F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3820580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820580/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[199,1395,613,1880]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC8FFBE59A900FBFE11F829" blockId="56.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE59A900FBFE85F866" bold="true" box="[189,292,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC8FFBE582200FAFC97F867" authority="Gerstacker, 1859" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[310,822,1930,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE582200FAFDF3F866" box="[310,594,1930,1957]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC8FFBE5B7000FBFC97F867" author="Gerstacker" box="[612,822,1930,1957]" firstAuthor="Gerstacker" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="261 - 264" refId="ref30045" refString="Gerstacker A. 1859. Hr. Peters berichtete uber sein Reisewerk, von dem die Insecten bis zum 64., die Botanik bis zum 34. Bogen gedruckt sind und theilte den Schluss der Diagnosen der von Hrn. Dr. Gerstacker bearbeiteten Hymenopteren mit. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1858: 261 - 264." type="journal article" year="1859">Gerstäcker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC8FFBE5A5D00FAFC18F867" box="[841,953,1931,1957]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, worker and queen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5DC600FBFAACF866" bold="true" box="[1234,1293,1930,1956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A-C.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker (CASENT0120944).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE58AC00DCFE74F805" bold="true" box="[440,469,1965,1991]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5B4100DFFDD1F80A" bold="true" box="[597,624,1966,1992]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5BC000DCFD50F805" bold="true" box="[724,753,1965,1991]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5A4100DFFC2AF80A" bold="true" box="[853,907,1966,1992]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">D-F.</emphasis>
|
||
Queen (CASENT0120949).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE5DF500DFFB5FF80A" bold="true" box="[1249,1278,1966,1992]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE59A900A0FF79F829" bold="true" box="[189,216,2001,2027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC8FFBE582800A0FEF1F829" bold="true" box="[316,336,2001,2027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC9FFBF59A906C7FBCBFDD5" blockId="57.[189,1398,438,535]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Head sculpture reticulate to carinulate; mesoscutum with very fine longitudinal carinulae; otherwise sculpture more or less shiny to aciculate; abundant, short, erect pilosity, but very few longer setae on face, mesoscutum, and scutellum; remaining pilosity as in queens. Color brown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC9FFBC59A9054FFBE9FE70" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC9FFBF59A9054FFE4EFD9A" blockId="57.[189,495,574,600]" box="[189,495,574,600]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC9FFBF59A9054FFE4EFD9A" bold="true" box="[189,495,574,600]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF59A9054FFE4EFD9A" bold="true" box="[189,495,574,600]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC9FFBC59A9051CFBE9FE70" blockId="57.[189,1399,620,753]" lastBlockId="58.[189,1398,267,435]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC9FFBF59A9051CFE30FD45" box="[189,401,621,647]" name="Madagascar" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC9FFBF588A051CFD93FD45" box="[414,562,621,647]" name="Comoros" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">COMOROS</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC9FFBF5B2B051CFD6EFD45" box="[575,719,621,647]" name="Mayotte" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">MAYOTTE</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC9FFBF5BC8051CFC07FD45" box="[732,934,621,647]" name="Mozambique" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
|
||
[East Africa?].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC9FFBF5D71051CFAD6FD45" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[1125,1399,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF5D71051CFAD6FD45" box="[1125,1399,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC9FFBF59A905E1FE83FD68" box="[189,290,656,682]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was originally described from Mozambique (see comments), but we limit ourselves here to its description in the Malagasy region. The species has been recently collected in scrublands of coastal areas and urban and disturbed habitats in northern, eastern and central Madagascar, and in Comoros and Mayotte, occuring at elevations from 0 m to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEFC28DFFCAFFBC5BD3067AFC81FEE4" box="[711,800,267,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFCAFFBC5A24067AFC3DFEE7" box="[816,924,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[204,1391,834,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[189,1399,828,1925]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 23. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 stat. rev., male and distribution. A, C. Male (CASENT0136505). A. Full-face. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825393/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Collections in native habitat have been made in dry forest and littoral forest in northern Madagascar.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5A93065EFB37FE8B" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[903,1174,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5A93065EFB37FE8B" box="[903,1174,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC5D88065EFB5FFE8B" box="[1180,1278,303,329]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
co-occurs usually with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC58420623FE73FEAE" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Dalla Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[342,466,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC58420623FE73FEAE" box="[342,466,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC58CE0623FDE6FEAE" box="[474,583,338,364]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5B470623FD1EFEAE" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[595,703,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5B470623FD1EFEAE" box="[595,703,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. maina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC5BDC0623FC85FEAE" box="[712,804,338,364]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5A4A0623FC6DFEAE" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[862,972,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5A4A0623FC6DFEAE" box="[862,972,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and at a few localities also with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5C480623FEB6FE4D" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5C480623FEB6FE4D" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. sewellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC58320604FE3CFE4D" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[294,413,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mafybe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC58320604FE3CFE4D" box="[294,413,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. mafybe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC58B10604FDA1FE4D" box="[421,512,373,399]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5B2D0604FD68FE4D" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[569,713,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masokely" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5B2D0604FD68FE4D" box="[569,713,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. masokely</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC5BC50604FC8DFE4D" box="[721,812,373,399]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Very few colonies have been collected from dead twigs above ground, indicating that this species has an arboreal nesting habit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF683FE0FFC9FFBF59A900DCFC49F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825393/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[204,1391,834,1912]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC9FFBF59A900DCFC49F829" blockId="57.[189,1398,1965,2027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF59A900DCFE83F805" bold="true" box="[189,290,1965,1991]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC9FFBF582600DFFC8DF80A" authority="Gerstacker, 1859" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[306,812,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF582600DFFDEAF805" box="[306,587,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC9FFBF5B4F00DCFC8DF80A" author="Gerstacker" box="[603,812,1965,1992]" firstAuthor="Gerstacker" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="261 - 264" refId="ref30045" refString="Gerstacker A. 1859. Hr. Peters berichtete uber sein Reisewerk, von dem die Insecten bis zum 64., die Botanik bis zum 34. Bogen gedruckt sind und theilte den Schluss der Diagnosen der von Hrn. Dr. Gerstacker bearbeiteten Hymenopteren mit. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1858: 261 - 264." type="journal article" year="1859">Gerstäcker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC9FFBF5A2F00DFFC0BF80A" box="[827,938,1966,1992]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male and distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF5DF500DCFA8BF805" bold="true" box="[1249,1322,1965,1991]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A, C.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (CASENT0136505).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF58AC00A1FE74F828" bold="true" box="[440,469,2000,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF5B4000A1FDD0F828" bold="true" box="[596,625,2000,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC9FFBF5BC100A0FD51F829" bold="true" box="[725,752,2001,2027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Species distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFCAFFBC59A906A8FBE3FB1A" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59A906A8FEE5FE31" blockId="58.[189,324,473,499]" box="[189,324,473,499]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFCAFFBC59A906A8FEE5FE31" bold="true" box="[189,324,473,499]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC59A906A8FEE5FE31" bold="true" box="[189,324,473,499]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59A90578FAFCFDE0" blockId="58.[189,1399,520,828]" box="[189,1373,520,547]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
We raised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC582C0578FDE9FDE0" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[312,584,520,547]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC582C0578FDE9FDE0" box="[312,584,520,547]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Crematogaster tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from subspecies to species status considering the following points.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59FC055AFC03FDAA" blockId="58.[189,1399,520,828]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
1) We examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFCAFFBC58F2055DFDE0FD84" box="[486,577,556,582]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5BE7055DFC47FD87" box="[755,998,555,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="castanea" subSpecies="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5BE7055DFC47FD87" box="[755,998,555,582]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. castanea tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in ZMHB and found them to be conspecific to our recent collections from the Malagasy region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59FC0503FC87FD10" blockId="58.[189,1399,520,828]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
2) We examined images of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFCAFFBC5B300503FDDEFD4E" box="[548,639,626,652]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5A320503FC5EFD4E" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[806,1023,626,652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5A320503FC0EFD4E" box="[806,943,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. castanea</emphasis>
|
||
Smith
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are available on AntWeb (CASENT0102953), and found them to be a good match for specimens one of us (B. Blaimer) had received from a colleague collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFCAFFBC5B9705C9FC83FD10" box="[643,802,696,722]" name="Mozambique" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59FC05ADFC31FCFE" blockId="58.[189,1399,520,828]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
3) Both this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC586805ADFDA6FD37" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[380,519,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC586805ADFDA6FD37" box="[380,519,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. castanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5BC305ADFCF5FD37" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1859" box="[727,852,731,758]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5BC305ADFCF5FD37" box="[727,852,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFCAFFBC5D1205AAFB35FD37" box="[1030,1172,731,757]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
were included in a molecular biogeographic study on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5B4D058EFCA9FCDB" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1831" box="[601,776,767,793]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5B4D058EFCA9FCDB" box="[601,776,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFCAFFBC5A45058EFBA6FCD8" author="Blaimer" box="[849,1031,767,794]" firstAuthor="Blaimer" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="421 - 436" refId="ref29098" refString="Blaimer B. B. 2012 b. Acrobat ants go global - Origin, evolution and systematics of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65 (2): 421 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.06.028" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">Blaimer 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where the sequences of these specimens proved to be divergent and clearly not conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59A90415FCAAFB92" blockId="58.[189,1399,867,1105]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
In this study, we limit ourselves to describing the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5AAD0415FB98FCBF" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[953,1081,867,894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5AAD0415FB98FCBF" box="[953,1081,867,894]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC5D570415FB0BFCBC" box="[1091,1194,868,894]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the Malagasy region, although the species should still occur on the African mainland. Recent ant collections from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFCAFFBC59A904DBFEF9FC06" box="[189,344,938,964]" name="Mozambique" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
are poor, and historic collections are in such disarray for this genus that they would be only manageable to cite in a large scale taxonomic project on African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5AA304BCFBC7FC25" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1831" box="[951,1126,973,999]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5AA304BCFBC7FC25" box="[951,1126,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is not the focus of this project. Moreover, apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC5B790480FD49FBC8" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[621,744,1008,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC5B790480FD49FBC8" box="[621,744,1008,1035]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFCAFFBC5BFA0480FCF3FBC9" box="[750,850,1009,1035]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, there are 18 further subspecies currently listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFCAFFBC59F50362FE24FBEF" author="Bolton" box="[225,389,1043,1069]" firstAuthor="Bolton" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref29318" refString="Bolton B. 2012. Bolton's Catalogue and Synopsis [online]. Version January 2012. Available from http: // gap. entclub. org / archive / Bolton _ NGC _ 2012 _ JAN. pdf [accessed 10 Dec. 2012]" type="url" year="2012">Bolton (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFCAFFBC58A00365FD9FFBEF" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[436,574,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFCAFFBC58A00365FD9FFBEF" box="[436,574,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. castanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from all over East and Central Africa, that would need to be revised during such a comprehensive undertaking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFCAFFBC59A90309FBE3FB1A" blockId="58.[189,1398,1144,1241]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The predominant occurrence of this species in urban and disturbed habitats, and the two distinct clades in the mitochondrial data with different affinities to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFCAFFBC5A4503EAFC1CFB77" box="[849,957,1179,1205]" name="Comoros" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFCAFFBC5AE303EDFBF8FB74" box="[1015,1113,1180,1206]" name="Mayotte" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFCAFFBC5DEF03EAFAE5FB77" box="[1275,1348,1179,1205]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[445,1161,276,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[419,1168,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Relatedness of populations between Madagascar and the wider Malagasy region. Subsets of the same phylogeny as shown in Fig. 1, with broad geographical origin of sequenced individuals mapped onto the tree for: A. Crematogaster maina sp. nov. B. Crematogaster dentata stat. nov. C. Crematogaster tricolor stat. rev. Support values in black represent posterior probabilities (pp), those in blue ML bootstrap values> 70 and those in red ML bootstrap values <70. Values pp <0.96 are not shown; nodes not present in the ML analysis are represented by a dash instead of a bootstrap value. The scale bar shows nucleotide changes per base pair. Distance between Madagascar and Islands is not drawn to scale. Appended numbers on taxon labels represent CASENT#’s of respective voucher specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825355/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, see above) suggest that this species was only recently introduced to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFCAFFBC5ABA03CFFB9FFB1A" box="[942,1086,1214,1240]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |