treatments-xml/data/03/BE/C1/03BEC1259142FFDC4EF7FB15AFA8CE27.xml

<document id="714B9255065C305F2A58461788D2ECEE" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.434.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13875235" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1727819169257" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hu, Yuwei, Mortimer, Peter E., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Raspé, Olivier, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Yan, Kai, Xu, Jianchu &amp; Hyde, Kevin D." docDate="2020" docId="03BEC1259142FFDC4EF7FB15AFA8CE27" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.434.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 434 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.434.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Panaeolus axfordii Y. Hu, S. C. Karunarathna, P. E. Mortimer &amp; J. C. Xu 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF87B95D9146FFD94E7FFFE1AE6FCC06" masterDocTitle="A new species of Panaeolus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan, Southwest China" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1727822850486" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0506BA8C6C883010690DF6617C2C1332">A new species of Panaeolus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan, Southwest China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BEFC3EE92EA28CBA428BB4F3EF4A384">Hu, Yuwei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D44651A906D0360C4F988D3CFF2FA739">College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China. &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, 57100 Chiang Rai, Thailand. &amp; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. &amp; Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. &amp; Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China. &amp; East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China. &amp; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M. 3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CC09F2DEED05B47B41EAA8AAE05D4B46">Mortimer, Peter E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C7921B7998AC6ED737ABF82615BEE0F3">Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. &amp; Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="52BE615F0E14DAC3737CEE5F83F8F1EE">Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. &amp; Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China. &amp; East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A2A1E8D9C4FE88812EE327BC2A099304">Raspé, Olivier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AAB80B386FFDD8984FA345529AF40F0B">Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, 57100 Chiang Rai, Thailand. &amp; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9CFDCAC6D66D50EFBEA3C7A76571606">Promputtha, Itthayakorn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6DBB46113AB65A350DCC1BAA262C5AF3">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. &amp; Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B29AC6CBC2FC6E30B120E9589CC18A9">Yan, Kai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A164CC89C0D14A3D5D83A7A794327AF">College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China. &amp; East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9E52D0127159C9EEF099E1E57F4BBBF">Xu, Jianchu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A4F878B361BDA3749B9DD2C73447D47F">Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. &amp; Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China. &amp; East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AE7DE8FAF76123B479661888C8D33F8B">Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="22E37BB79AD4E4BB5B68ECF8F2BA6E31">Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, 57100 Chiang Rai, Thailand. &amp; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. &amp; Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. &amp; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M. 3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="956E92145D7E83490DB8F9497B9C426D">2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09142FFDD4EF7FB15ADDFC909" authority="Y. Hu, S.C. Karunarathna, P.E. Mortimer &amp; J.C. Xu" authorityName="Y. Hu, S. C. Karunarathna, P. E. Mortimer &amp; J. C. Xu" authorityYear="2020" box="[136,944,1268,1295]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="axfordii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4EF7FB15AF0BC909" bold="true" box="[136,356,1268,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Panaeolus axfordii</emphasis>
Y. Hu, S.C. Karunarathna, P.E. Mortimer &amp; J.C. Xu
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, 
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<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4DC4FB14AA65C908" box="[955,1034,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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(
<figureCitation id="132C6CB69142FFDD4A5FFB15AA11C908" box="[1056,1150,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,197,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[170,1417,187,1965]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panaeolus axfordii sp. nov. a, b- Basidiocarps in their natural habitat; c- Basidiospores under SEM; d-Basidiospores under compound microscope; e- Basidia; f- Cheilocystidia; g- Pileocystidia; h- Caulocystidia. Scale bars: c, 4μm; d, 10μm; e, 10μm; f, 10μm; g, 25μm; h, 10μm. Photos by: Samantha C. Karunarathna and Yuwei Hu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA870339142FFDD4EF7FAA1AD28C950" blockId="4.[136,1451,1344,1510]" box="[136,839,1344,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Index Fungorum number: IF556818, Faces of Fungi number: FOF 06525</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA870339142FFDD4EF7FA85AAF9C97C" blockId="4.[136,1451,1344,1510]" box="[136,1174,1380,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Etymology:—the species epithet ‘axfordii’ refers to the renowned mushroom photographer Stephen Axford.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA870339142FFDD4EF7FA69AB65C9C4" blockId="4.[136,1451,1344,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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Kunming Botanical 
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25 
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08’N
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102 
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44’E
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, with 
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collected and examined, 
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, 
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Samantha 
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. Karunarathna, KIB 1
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(
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<paragraph id="8BA870339142FFDD4EF7FA31ACABC9E3" blockId="4.[136,1451,1344,1510]" box="[136,708,1488,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis:—a reddish brown patch at pileus surface center.</paragraph>
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Description: 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09142FFDD4F66F9F5AF30CA28" authorityName="Desor" authorityYear="1857" box="[281,351,1556,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Pileus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4F66F9F5AF30CA28" box="[281,351,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Pileus</emphasis>
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in height, 
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in diameter, hemispherical to campanulate; surface dry, glabrous, with a reddish brown (9E7) patch at center; scales present; margin greyish white (1B1) and not striate. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4B64F9D9AB1DCA54" box="[1307,1394,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Context</emphasis>
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thick, readily bruising bluish. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4C66F9BDACEECA70" box="[537,641,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate, moderately crowded, 3 tiers, thin, mottled dark grey (1F1), with white (1A1) serrate margin. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4FB4F961AC6CCA9C" box="[459,515,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Stipe</emphasis>
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in height, 
<quantity id="4CEFDDD69142FFDD4D78F961ADE9CA9D" box="[775,902,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5mm</quantity>
thick, cylindrical curved, hollow, surface striate glabrous, annulus absent, grey (1B1) or greyish orange (6B4) toward the apex, light brown (7D6) to brown (7E5) overall, with white (1A1) basal mycelium. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4C15F929AC88CAE4" box="[618,743,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Spore print</emphasis>
black, not bleaching in concentrated sulphuric acid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA870339142FFDD4EC2F90DAD9DC404" blockId="4.[136,1452,1556,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4EC2F90DAF34CB00" box="[189,347,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Basidiospores</emphasis>
8.8–11.4 × 6.3–9.0 μm, average 9.8 × 7.6 μm (n=20) in frontal view, average 8.6 × 4.9 μm (n=20) in side view, average 8.2 × 5.5 μm (n=20) in top view, Q 
<subScript id="179372769142FFDD4D72F8C2AD79CB37" attach="left" box="[781,790,1827,1841]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">F</subScript>
= 1.30, Q 
<subScript id="179372769142FFDD4DF5F8C3ADFCCB36" attach="left" box="[906,915,1826,1840]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">S</subScript>
= 1.80, Q 
<subScript id="179372769142FFDD4A78F8C2AA7ECB37" attach="left" box="[1031,1041,1827,1841]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T</subScript>
= 1.52, non-transparent, limoniform in frontal view, ellipsoid in side view, smooth, thick-walled, brown (5F6). 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4DABF8D5AA45CB48" box="[980,1066,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Basidia</emphasis>
10.5–24.3 × 8.4–13.7 μm (n=20), broadly clavate to obovoid, 4-spored, unclamped. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4CC1F8B9AD0FCB74" box="[702,864,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
14.4–25.4 × 7.5–10 μm (n=10), utriform to broadly utriform, never bifid, hyaline, thin-walled. Hymenophoral trama subregular. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4A6CF89DAADACB90" box="[1043,1205,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
not seen. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4B45F89DABC3CB90" box="[1338,1452,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Pileipellis</emphasis>
an intricate trichoderm. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4FE1F841AC5FCBBC" box="[414,560,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Pileocystidia</emphasis>
54.1–132 × 3.8–16.7 μm (n=10), narrowly utriform, few bifid. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4B6AF841ABFACBBC" box="[1301,1429,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a interrupted hymeniderm. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4FDCF825AC50CBD8" box="[419,575,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
24.6–42.7 × 5.9–10.7 μm (n=10), narrowly utriform, never bifid, hyaline, thin-walled. 
<emphasis id="B963AC219142FFDD4E9EF809AFD7C404" box="[225,440,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present but inconspicuous in all tissues (
<figureCitation id="132C6CB69142FFDD4DFDF809AD8EC404" box="[898,993,2024,2050]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,197,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[170,1417,187,1965]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panaeolus axfordii sp. nov. a, b- Basidiocarps in their natural habitat; c- Basidiospores under SEM; d-Basidiospores under compound microscope; e- Basidia; f- Cheilocystidia; g- Pileocystidia; h- Caulocystidia. Scale bars: c, 4μm; d, 10μm; e, 10μm; f, 10μm; g, 25μm; h, 10μm. Photos by: Samantha C. Karunarathna and Yuwei Hu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA870339143FFDC4EC2FF7FAB3ACCBE" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,545]" box="[189,1365,158,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
Habitat and distribution: gregarious on a lawn rich in organic matter, Kunming, 
<collectingRegion id="49D3BED19143FFDC4A43FF7EAA90CCBE" box="[1084,1279,158,185]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30030A39143FFDC4B75FF7FAB3ECCBE" box="[1290,1361,158,184]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA870339143FFDC4EC2FF23AFA8CE27" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
Notes:—Pleurocystidia were not seen under the microscope, scales present at the pileus center, margin greyish white and not striate (
<figureCitation id="132C6CB69143FFDC4F0BFF07AF92CD06" box="[372,509,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,197,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[170,1417,187,1965]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panaeolus axfordii sp. nov. a, b- Basidiocarps in their natural habitat; c- Basidiospores under SEM; d-Basidiospores under compound microscope; e- Basidia; f- Cheilocystidia; g- Pileocystidia; h- Caulocystidia. Scale bars: c, 4μm; d, 10μm; e, 10μm; f, 10μm; g, 25μm; h, 10μm. Photos by: Samantha C. Karunarathna and Yuwei Hu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875237/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Figure 1 a,b</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4C6FFF07AB6ECD06" authority="(Malencon &amp; Bertault) Ew. Gerhardt (1996: 41)" authorityName="Ew. Gerhardt" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Malencon &amp; Bertault" box="[528,1281,230,257]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bisporus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4C6FFF07AC84CD06" box="[528,747,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Panaeolus bisporus</emphasis>
(Malençon &amp; Bertault) Ew. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF860DC29143FFDC4A5AFF07AB6ECD06" author="Gerhardt, E." box="[1061,1281,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refId="ref6623" refString="Gerhardt, E. (1996) Taxonomische Revision der Gattungen Panaeolus und Panaeolina (Fungi, Agaricales, Coprinaceae). Bibliotheca Botanica, Germany, 147 pp." type="book" year="1996">Gerhardt (1996: 41)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4B4AFF07ACF1CD22" authority="(Berk &amp; Broome) Sacc (1887: 1123)" authorityName="Sacc (1887:" authorityPageNumber="1123" authorityYear="1123" baseAuthorityName="Berk &amp; Broome" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4B4AFF07AF69CD22" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Panaeolus cyanescens</emphasis>
(Berk &amp; Broome) Sacc (1887: 1123)
</taxonomicName>
have the most similar macro- and micro-morphological characteristics to 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4ED7FECFAFEFCD4E" authorityName="Y. Hu, S. C. Karunarathna, P. E. Mortimer &amp; J. C. Xu" authorityYear="2020" box="[168,384,302,328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="axfordii">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4ED7FECFAFEFCD4E" box="[168,384,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Panaeolus axfordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C69545889143FFDC4FEEFECFAF85CD4E" box="[401,490,302,328]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,224,653,679]" captionText="TABLE 2. Synopsis of macro- and micro-characteristics of Panaeolus axfordii, and its closely related taxa P. acuminatus, P. alcis, P. antillarun, P. bisporus, P. cambodginiensis, P. cyanescens, P. fimicola, P. foenisecii, P. rickenii, P. semiovatus, P. sphinctrinus and P. subbalteatus. Abbreviations: L=Length, W=Width." pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Table 2</tableCitation>
) however 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4C18FECEAC89CD4E" authorityName="Ew. Gerhardt" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Malencon &amp; Bertault" box="[615,742,302,328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bisporus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4C18FECEAC89CD4E" box="[615,742,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. bisporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 2-spored while 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4DBDFECEAA57CD4E" authorityName="Y. Hu, S. C. Karunarathna, P. E. Mortimer &amp; J. C. Xu" authorityYear="2020" box="[962,1080,302,328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="axfordii">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4DBDFECEAA57CD4E" box="[962,1080,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. axfordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 4-spored; basidiospores of 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4BE8FECEAF69CD6A" authorityName="Sacc (1887:" authorityYear="1123" baseAuthorityName="Berk &amp; Broome" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4BE8FECEAF69CD6A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. cyanescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are bigger than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4C58FEB2ACF2CD6A" authorityName="Y. Hu, S. C. Karunarathna, P. E. Mortimer &amp; J. C. Xu" authorityYear="2020" box="[551,669,338,364]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="axfordii">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4C58FEB2ACF2CD6A" box="[551,669,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. axfordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4CD3FEB2AD46CD6A" authorityName="Ew. Gerhardt" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Malencon &amp; Bertault" box="[684,809,338,364]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bisporus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4CD3FEB2AD46CD6A" box="[684,809,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. bisporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4D1BFEB2AD90CD6A" authorityName="Sacc (1887:" authorityYear="1123" baseAuthorityName="Berk &amp; Broome" box="[868,1023,339,364]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4D1BFEB2AD90CD6A" box="[868,1023,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. cyanescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4A92FEB3AF6DCD97" authority="Bres (1912: 51)" authorityName="Bres" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1912" class="Agaricomycetes" genus="Copelandia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4A92FEB3AB1FCD6A" box="[1261,1392,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Copelandia</emphasis>
Bres (1912: 51)
</taxonomicName>
. The subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4FCBFE97AC58CD96" authorityName="Bres" authorityYear="1912" box="[436,567,374,400]" class="Agaricomycetes" genus="Copelandia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4FCBFE97AC58CD96" box="[436,567,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Copelandia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4CC5FE96AD58CD96" authorityName="Ew. Gerhardt" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Malencon &amp; Bertault" box="[698,823,374,400]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bisporus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4CC5FE96AD58CD96" box="[698,823,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. bisporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4D37FE96AD8CCD96" authorityName="Sacc (1887:" authorityYear="1123" baseAuthorityName="Berk &amp; Broome" box="[840,995,375,400]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyanescens">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4D37FE96AD8CCD96" box="[840,995,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. cyanescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4D8CFE96AAA3CD96" box="[1011,1228,374,400]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cambodginiensis">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4D8CFE96AAA3CD96" box="[1011,1228,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. cambodginiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and other possible species, according to phylogenetic analysis from recent research (
<bibRefCitation id="EF860DC29143FFDC4D11FE7BADB6CDB2" author="Ma, T." box="[878,985,410,436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refId="ref9077" refString="Ma, T. (2014) Taxonomy of Psilocybe s. l. and Panaeolus in Yunnan, Southwest China, with notes on related genus Protostropharia. Chinese Academy of Forestry, China." type="book" year="2014">Ma 2014</bibRefCitation>
), and the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4AC7FE7BAB54CDB2" authorityName="Bres" authorityYear="1912" box="[1208,1339,410,436]" class="Agaricomycetes" genus="Copelandia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4AC7FE7BAB54CDB2" box="[1208,1339,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Copelandia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a wellsupported clade within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4C7FFE5FAC19CDDE" authorityName="Quel" authorityYear="1872" baseAuthorityName="Fr." box="[512,630,446,472]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4C7FFE5FAC19CDDE" box="[512,630,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Panaeolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is accordance with previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF860DC29143FFDC4A13FE5FAB7CCDDE" author="Gerhardt, E." box="[1132,1299,446,472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refId="ref6623" refString="Gerhardt, E. (1996) Taxonomische Revision der Gattungen Panaeolus und Panaeolina (Fungi, Agaricales, Coprinaceae). Bibliotheca Botanica, Germany, 147 pp." type="book" year="1996">Gerhardt 1996</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF860DC29143FFDC4B61FE5FAE89CDFA" author="Wartchow, F. &amp; Carvalho, A. S. &amp; Sousa, M. C. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref10523" refString="Wartchow, F., Carvalho, A. S. &amp; Sousa, M. C. A. (2010) First record of the psychotropic mushroom Copelandia cyanescens (Agaricales) from Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Bioscience 8: 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="2010">
Wartchow 
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4BE8FE5EAEF1CDFA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF860DC29143FFDC4E8FFE03AF81CDFA" author="Silva-Filho, A. G. S. &amp; Seger, C. &amp; Cortez, V. G." box="[240,494,482,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="15 - 21" refId="ref10089" refString="Silva-Filho, A. G. S., Seger, C. &amp; Cortez, V. G. (2018) The neurotropic genus Copelandia (Basidiomycota) in western Parana State, Brazil. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89: 15 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2018.1.1994" type="journal article" year="2018">
Silva-Filho 
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4F0BFE02AFCBCDFA" box="[372,420,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the results of our study, 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4DE2FE02AA7FCDFA" authorityName="Y. Hu, S. C. Karunarathna, P. E. Mortimer &amp; J. C. Xu" authorityYear="2020" box="[925,1040,482,508]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bolbitiaceae" genus="Panaeolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="axfordii">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4DE2FE02AA7FCDFA" box="[925,1040,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">P. axfordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct new species that belongs to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C170BB09143FFDC4F42FDE7AFAFCE26" authorityName="Bres" authorityYear="1912" box="[317,448,518,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" genus="Copelandia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963AC219143FFDC4F42FDE7AFAFCE26" box="[317,448,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Copelandia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>