treatments-xml/data/03/B4/0C/03B40C78FFF4FFB8FF30FB94FCE6B5DE.xml

<document id="8B314349A3192AC9B8D749F50F2592F2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209941" ID-ZooBank="2CBD1AF5-1B48-4DD1-B3C7-E3BEAB4E7559" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722788122832" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Terrana, L., Rouzé, H., Opresko, D. M., Consortium, Under The Pole, Eeckhaut, I., Dubois, P., Hédouin, L. &amp; Godefroid, M." docDate="2024" docId="03B40C78FFF4FFB8FF30FB94FCE6B5DE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5486.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5486 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stichopathes desaturata Terrana &amp; Godefroid 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="192" masterDocId="FF8D7400FFF2FFB2FFA7FF82FFB9B24B" masterDocTitle="Whip black corals (Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Stichopathes) of the Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem of Mo’orea (French Polynesia), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="182" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1726082839968" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0E4262EC492533D511BDE14CB9F21A5F">Whip black corals (Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Stichopathes) of the Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem of Mo’orea (French Polynesia), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0D0F2D60B824D4BF7AE58C6EA87BAC1">Terrana, L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6713C6C0414D94305674D12A83C21C80">Natural History Museum and Vivarium of Tournai, Cour d’Honneur de l’Hôtel de ville 52, 7500 Tournai, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="900D1B2E27FCB94E802DDF52E2D2A636">Rouzé, H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1F73B9ACCBACF274647011FB30DDF57">University of Guam, Marine Laboratory, Mangilao 96923, Guam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="50797B2B9EDF5259ABCB1E1F174802A9">Opresko, D. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3738A55A4C43CDF10D6293CEFC3B58A6">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="809ABB54FBD75A3D9D12342DB0918128">Consortium, Under The Pole</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C2B04D37BBC1453BB64A999A93C2F96">Under The Pole, 1 rue des Senneurs, 29900 Concarneau, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B8929ABF111DD52E850490E53425A606">Eeckhaut, I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="933C3911830DB624C60540DFC4B33590">Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons, Av. Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4267A3581FBD6B544232497A87F1F67B">Dubois, P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C80DEBBE6C3FC26481AE555C7AD6694E">Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160 / 15, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="069FAFFC4A55AADA6A88169FE1C061FE">Hédouin, L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="30BBC734611414835EA19251711B7F23">Under The Pole, 1 rue des Senneurs, 29900 Concarneau, France &amp; PSL Research University, EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo’orea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d’Excellence « CORAIL », Mo’orea, French Polynesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7B4A83DBC1E0241AE36A7F294074FB27">Godefroid, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B769F1DAC6D1BBFF27755C2B8E2FDC83">Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160 / 15, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0EA0A02FFF4FFB4FF30FB94FC88B67B" bold="true" box="[151,817,1046,1073]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FF30FB94FC88B67B" bold="true" box="[151,817,1046,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF4FFB4FF30FB94FE01B67A" authority="Terrana &amp; Godefroid" authorityName="Terrana &amp; Godefroid" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,440,1046,1073]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desaturata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FF30FB94FE01B67A" bold="true" box="[151,440,1046,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Stichopathes desaturata</emphasis>
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Terrana &amp; Godefroid
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<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF4FFB4FF30FBB9FEB2B61E" blockId="6.[151,817,1046,1109]" box="[151,267,1082,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FF38FBB9FEBBB61E" box="[159,258,1082,1109]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId-0="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId-2="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFF4FFB4FF30FBFEFBDEB695" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF4FFB4FF30FBFEFBDEB695" blockId="6.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
<materialsCitation id="3B75B733FFF4FFB4FF30FBFEFB01B6DD" box="[151,1208,1148,1175]" country="French Polynesia" elevation="-120" location="Mo'orea" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="NHMT-R2E1001" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FF30FBFEFE3CB6DD" bold="true" box="[151,389,1148,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Material examined.</emphasis>
Entire colonies collected at 
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depth. 
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: 
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFF4FFB4FC49FBFFFB0DB6DD" box="[1006,1204,1148,1175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">NHMT-R2E1001</specimenCode>
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B75B733FFF4FFB4FB64FBFFFE63B6F1" collectionCode="NHMT" country="French Polynesia" elevation="-120" location="Mo'orea" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="NHMT- R2E1002, NHMT-R2E1003" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFF4FFB4FB64FBFFFA8DB6DC" box="[1219,1332,1149,1175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFF4FFB4FAE4FBFFFEBDB6F1" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">NHMT-R2E1002</specimenCode>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFF4FFB4FEB3FB23FE63B6F1" box="[276,474,1184,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">NHMT-R2E1003</specimenCode>
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. Other specimens (colony pictures and genetics only, examined in the field by M. Godefroid): 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF4FFB4FE85FB46FE08B695" box="[290,433,1220,1246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FE85FB46FE08B695" box="[290,433,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Stichopathes</emphasis>
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C38, 
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<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FE52FB46FD3DB695" box="[501,644,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Stichopathes</emphasis>
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C39, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF4FFB4FD6FFB46FCEEB695" box="[712,855,1220,1246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FD6FFB46FCEEB695" box="[712,855,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C41, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF4FFB4FC3CFB46FB93B695" box="[923,1066,1220,1246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FC3CFB46FB93B695" box="[923,1066,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C42.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFF4FFB4FF60FB6AFEBBB749" box="[199,258,1256,1282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EC2EBB5FFF4FFB4FECBFB6AFE76B749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B40C78FFF4FFB8FF30FB94FCE6B5DE:8EC2EBB5FFF4FFB4FECBFB6AFE76B749" box="[364,463,1256,1282]" country="French Polynesia" name="Mo'orea" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Mo’orea</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFF4FFB4FE7CFB6AFD26B749" box="[475,671,1256,1282]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<elevation id="00305A5DFFF4FFB4FD0DFB6AFC83B749" box="[682,826,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="120.0">
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFF4FFB4FD0DFB6AFD48B748" box="[682,753,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B969617CFFF4FFB4FF60FA8EFEFBB76D" bold="true" box="[199,322,1292,1318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Corallum unbranched, irregularly sinuous, basal diameter not exceeding 
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, reaching a dozen of cm in height, polyps 0.50–1.0 mm in transverse diameter, interpolypar space well defined up to 
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, 6–8 polyps per cm, polypar spines taller than abpolypar spines, polypar spines max 
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, perpendicular to corallum, conical, pointed tip, with round and/or elongated papillae on two thirds of the spine, abpolypar spines conical to triangular, inclined upwards, with the same ornamentation as the polypar spines.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFF4FFBBFF60FA42FE75B29E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="description">
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Description of the 
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NHMT-R2E1001.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF4FFB5FF60FA66FE45B32E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1148,2039]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
Thin skeleton 
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in basal diameter, distinctly tapering at the apex (
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in diameter at the terminal section). It is sinuous, irregularly contorted, but not forming any loop or coil (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FC4AF98AFB96B469" box="[1005,1071,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, a). It measures ~ 
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in length and ~ 
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in height (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FE2BF9AEFE77B40D" box="[396,462,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, a). The polyps are found in a single row, that can twist around the corallum (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FABCF9AEFAE4B40D" box="[1307,1373,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, h–j). They measure 
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in transverse diameter, with 6–8 polyps/cm. When expanded, sagittal tentacles are long, almost transparent, and longer than the diameter of the corallum (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FCCAF9F6FC16B4C5" box="[877,943,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, i, j). Smaller polyps are sometimes inserted between two larger ones (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FE14F91AFE4CB4F9" box="[435,501,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, i). Interpolypar space well defined 
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, on average 0.30 ± 
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(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FAC8F91AFF1FB49D" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, h). The spines along the corallum are all triangular on the abpolypar sides to conical on the polypar sides, the latter being taller (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FEC2F962FE13B4B1" box="[357,426,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, a–c). On growing sections of corallum, the spines tend to be laterally compressed (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FAF4F962FA2EB4B1" box="[1363,1431,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, c). On every section, a spiral arrangement of the spines can be seen (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FC3CF886FC58B555" box="[923,993,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). There are no secondary spines on any section (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FF51F8AAFE82B509" box="[246,315,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). There are 4 spines/mm in the apical and middle sections, and 7 spines/mm in the basal sections. In the latter, the spines measure 
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and have both rounded and elongated papillae on their surface (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FAC8F8CEFF1EB5C0" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, a). In the middle section, polypar spines are conical with a pointed tip, slightly compressed laterally, and stand almost perpendicular to the corallum (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FDE2F816FD33B5E5" box="[581,650,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, b; 
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FD14F816FD4EB5E4" box="[691,759,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, b). Papillae are both rounded and elongated towards the tip of the spine, covering from two thirds of the spine to the whole surface. In some places they form small tubercles (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FF38F85EFF5CB5BC" box="[159,229,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, b). They measure 
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and are spaced 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFF4FFB4FCBCF85EFC06B5BC" box="[795,959,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.37 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FBB7F85EFBECB5BD" box="[1040,1109,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, b; 
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF4FFB4FB26F85EFB7CB5BC" box="[1153,1221,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, b). The abpolypar spines are smaller and more conical than polypar spines. They are slightly inclined towards the apex of the corallum (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF5FFB5FF38FF39FF5FB29E" box="[159,230,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, b). They have the same ornamentation than polypar spines (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF5FFB5FC04FF39FC53B29E" box="[931,1002,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, e). They measure 
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and are spaced 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFF5FFB5FEB2FF5DFE00B2B2" box="[277,441,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="0.305" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.24">0.24–0.37 mm</quantity>
apart. In the apical sections, the distal edge of the spines is slightly curved compared to middle and basal sections (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF5FFB5FE6EFE81FDB7B356" box="[457,526,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, c; 
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF5FFB5FD90FE81FDC2B356" box="[567,635,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, c, f), but they have the same ornamentation as those on the rest of the corallum. Large, round papillae are not totally protruding on some spines (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF5FFB5FC56FEA5FB81B30A" box="[1009,1080,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-119@9.[151,1436,381,1299]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, c, f). The spines on the apical section measure 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFF5FFB5FEF5FEC8FE41B32E" box="[338,504,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="0.06" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.07 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62EDE6FFF5FFB5FF30F8A7FEF7B586" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" startId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" targetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF5FFB5FF30F8A7FEF7B586" blockId="7.[151,1437,1829,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FF30F8A7FEAEB576" bold="true" box="[151,279,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FE85F8A7FDA3B576" authorityName="Terrana &amp; Rouzé &amp; Opresko &amp; Consortium &amp; Eeckhaut &amp; Dubois &amp; Hédouin &amp; Godefroid" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,538,1829,1853]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desaturata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FE85F8A7FDA3B576" box="[290,538,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes desaturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25ADC07FFF5FFB5FD82F8A7FDC0B577" box="[549,633,1829,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FD2CF8A7FD21B576" bold="true" box="[651,664,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">a</emphasis>
) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FC7AF8A7FC52B576" bold="true" box="[989,1003,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">b</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FC58F8A7FB39B576" box="[1023,1152,1829,1853]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FC58F8A7FB39B576" box="[1023,1152,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C38 field observation. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FA2EF8A7FA2DB576" bold="true" box="[1417,1428,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">c</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FF30F8CBFEA1B52A" box="[151,280,1865,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FF30F8CBFEA1B52A" box="[151,280,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C39 field observation. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FDACF8CBFDA0B52A" bold="true" box="[523,537,1865,1889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">d</emphasis>
) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FCEEF8CBFCEDB52A" bold="true" box="[841,852,1865,1889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">e</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FCC5F8CBFC5AB52A" box="[866,995,1865,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FCC5F8CBFC5AB52A" box="[866,995,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C41 field observation. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FB72F8CBFB64B52A" bold="true" box="[1237,1245,1865,1889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">f</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FB4CF8CBFAD5B52A" box="[1259,1388,1865,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FB4CF8CBFAD5B52A" box="[1259,1388,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C42 field observation. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FEF0F8EFFEDDB5CE" bold="true" box="[343,356,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">g</emphasis>
) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FD30F8EFFD1CB5CE" bold="true" box="[663,677,1901,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">h</emphasis>
) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FE2AF813FE10B5E2" bold="true" box="[397,425,1937,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">i–j</emphasis>
) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FB92F813FB0FB5E2" box="[1077,1206,1937,1961]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FB92F813FB0FB5E2" box="[1077,1206,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C61 and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF5FFB5FABCF813FA25B5E2" box="[1307,1436,1937,1961]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="189" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF5FFB5FABCF813FA25B5E2" box="[1307,1436,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="189">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C41, respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF62EDE6FFFAFFBAFF30FA53FA29B41E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" startId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFAFFBAFF30FA53FA29B41E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1489,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFF30FA53FEAAB7A2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1489,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFAFFBAFB22FA53FAC0B7A2" authorityName="Terrana &amp; Rouzé &amp; Opresko &amp; Consortium &amp; Eeckhaut &amp; Dubois &amp; Hédouin &amp; Godefroid" authorityYear="2024" box="[1157,1401,1489,1513]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desaturata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFB22FA53FAC0B7A2" box="[1157,1401,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">Stichopathes desaturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25ADC07FFFAFFBAFAD8FA53FF7CB447" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFD04FA77FD09B446" bold="true" box="[675,688,1525,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">a</emphasis>
) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFB47FA77FB57B446" bold="true" box="[1248,1262,1525,1549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">b</emphasis>
) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFDA4F99BFDB7B47A" bold="true" box="[515,526,1561,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">c</emphasis>
) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFB8FF99BFB8FB47A" bold="true" box="[1064,1078,1561,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">d</emphasis>
) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFEECF9BFFEEFB41E" bold="true" box="[331,342,1597,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">e</emphasis>
) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFCD1F9BFFCC7B41E" bold="true" box="[886,894,1597,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">f</emphasis>
) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFAFFBAFF60F925FD98B48A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1703,2018]" box="[199,545,1703,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFAFFBAFF60F925FD98B48A" bold="true" box="[199,545,1703,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFFAFFBAFE04F925FDA2B48A" box="[419,539,1703,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFAFFBAFF60F949FBC8B566" blockId="8.[151,1437,1703,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">
Specimen 
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFFAFFBAFE9AF94EFE0FB4AE" box="[317,438,1739,1766]" collectionCode="NHMT-R" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">NHMT-R2</specimenCode>
E1002 irregularly sinuous and contorted, 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFC2CF949FC7BB4AD" box="[907,962,1739,1766]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
in height, basal diameter 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFB40F949FAF4B4AD" box="[1255,1357,1739,1766]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
, apical diameter 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFEA7F96DFEDDB541" box="[256,356,1775,1802]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFAFFBAFED4F96DFE0FB542" box="[371,438,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, d). Polyps 0.58–1.0 mm in transverse diameter, 7–8 per cm. Spine ornamentation, shape and sizes are similar to 
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFFAFFBAFE38F891FDBDB566" box="[415,516,1811,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, with 4 spines/mm in apical, middle and basal sections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFAFFBBFF60F8B5FE75B29E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1703,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">
Specimen NHMT-R2E1003 irregularly sinuous and contorted, 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFC22F8B5FC70B519" box="[901,969,1847,1874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
in height, basal diameter 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFB4EF8B5FAF7B519" box="[1257,1358,1847,1874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.72">0.72 mm</quantity>
, apical diameter 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFF58F8D9FEDBB53D" box="[255,354,1883,1910]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFAFFBAFED7F8D9FE0AB53E" box="[368,435,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, g). Polyps 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFD92F8D9FD61B53D" box="[565,728,1883,1910]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.449999999999999" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.5449999999999999" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.51">0.51–0.58 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter, 7–8 per cm. Spine ornamentation, shape and size mostly similar to 
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFFAFFBAFE1DF8FDFD99B5D2" box="[442,544,1919,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. However, basal spines just above the anchorage plate are pointed and spike-like (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFAFFBAFF38F821FF5AB5F6" box="[159,227,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, d). Abpolypar spines are smaller than polypar spines, triangular and inclined upwards. In the middle section of the stem, they measure 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFE6AF845FDCDB5A9" box="[461,628,1991,2018]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.05 mm</quantity>
and are spaced 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFAFFBAFC94F845FC60B5A9" box="[819,985,1991,2018]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3999999999999995" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.33999999999999997" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.38 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFAFFBAFB89F845FBCCB5AA" box="[1070,1141,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, e–f). In medial sections, polypar spines measure 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFBFFBBFE01FF15FDF0B2FA" box="[422,585,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.13 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFBFFBBFDFFFF15FD24B2FA" box="[600,669,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of two representative specimens of Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov., with the polypar sides oriented on the right. (a) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S3, 0.37 mm in diameter. (b) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S2, 0.34 mm in diameter.(c) Schizoholotype R2E1001.S1, 0.20 mm in diameter. (d) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S3, 0.73 mm in diameter. (e) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S2 0.40 mm in diameter. (f) Schizoparatype R2E1003.S1 0.15 mm in diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209949/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, e–f). There are 4 spines/mm in apical and middle sections, and 5–6 spines/mm in basal section.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFBFFB8FF60FF5CFAD7B562" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFBFFBBFF60FF5CFC5DB32E" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFBFFBBFF60FF5CFE6CB2B3" bold="true" box="[199,469,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
Based on ITS1 molecular data, the present species belongs to “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFBFFBBFB65FF5DFAE8B2B2" box="[1218,1361,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFBFFBBFB65FF5DFAE8B2B2" box="[1218,1361,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Clade A” as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFBFFBBFED8FE81FD85B356" author="Bo, M. &amp; Bavestrello, G. &amp; Barucca, M. &amp; Makapedua, D. M. &amp; Poliseno, A. &amp; Forconi, M. &amp; Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A." box="[383,572,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref17041" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A. (2012) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (1), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bo 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFBFFBBFE0DFE81FE67B356" box="[426,478,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, and comprising species collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFFBFFBBFC57FE81FBE4B356" box="[1008,1117,259,285]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
at depths of 
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<elevation id="00305A5DFFFBFFBBFB5DFE80FADAB356" box="[1274,1379,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. The genetic distance from the Indonesian specimen 
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFFBFFBBFD09FEA4FCA9B30A" box="[686,784,294,321]" collectionCode="AMBA" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">AMBA5</specimenCode>
is within the intraspecific range of variability of Mo’orea specimens, suggesting that 
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFFBFFBBFE6FFEC8FD93B32E" box="[456,554,330,357]" collectionCode="AMBA" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">AMBA5</specimenCode>
might be related to the present species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62EDE6FFFBFFBBFF30FAA8FB78B7C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209951/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" startId="9.[151,250,1322,1346]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1299]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFBFFBBFF30FAA8FB78B7C1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1322,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFBFFBBFF30FAA8FEAAB709" bold="true" box="[151,275,1322,1346]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Polypar and abpolypar spines of the basal, middle, and apical sections of the holotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFBFFBBFB22FAA8FAC0B709" authorityName="Terrana &amp; Rouzé &amp; Opresko &amp; Consortium &amp; Eeckhaut &amp; Dubois &amp; Hédouin &amp; Godefroid" authorityYear="2024" box="[1157,1401,1322,1346]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desaturata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFBFFBBFB22FAA8FAC0B709" box="[1157,1401,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">Stichopathes desaturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25ADC07FFFBFFBBFAD8FAA9FF7AB72D" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
NHMT-R2E1001 (schizoholotypes S1–S3). The spines are triangular to conical, with sharp tips, and papillae varying from spherical to elongated towards the tips, localized on the whole surface or on the two thirds of the surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFBFFB8FF60FA5EFBA5B1CA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1500,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">
The morphological features of the French Polynesian specimens closely match those described for the Indonesian specimens of Clade A. The clade is characterized by a thin spiral or contorted corallum with a diameter less than 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFBFFBBFF4CF9A7FE2CB474" author="Bo, M. &amp; Bavestrello, G. &amp; Barucca, M. &amp; Makapedua, D. M. &amp; Poliseno, A. &amp; Forconi, M. &amp; Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A." box="[235,405,1572,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref17041" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A. (2012) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (1), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bo 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFBFFBBFEB2F9A7FEE9B475" box="[277,336,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
); in the Mo’orea specimens it does not exceed 
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at the base. None of the Mo’orea specimens have spirals, they all are irregularly sinuous, sometimes irregularly contorted as well. The polyps are small (
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFBFFBBFF42F9EEFEC9B4CC" box="[229,368,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
for Indonesian specimens of Clade A, 0.5–1.0 mm for the Mo’orea specimens), with a well-defined interpolypar space (
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFBFFBBFE71F913FDD8B4E0" box="[470,609,1681,1707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
for Clade A, 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFBFFBBFCA5F912FC20B4E0" box="[770,921,1680,1707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.5 mm</quantity>
here), with 7–8 polyps per cm, compared to 6–8 polyps per centimeter in this case. Indonesian specimens of Clade A have pointed triangular spines, laterally compressed, taller on the polypar side (
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFBFFBBFDE0F95AFD67B4B8" box="[583,734,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.25 mm</quantity>
) than the abpolypar side (
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFBFFBBFC5DF95AFB2AB4B8" box="[1018,1171,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.1 mm</quantity>
). This is congruent with the spines analyzed here in Mo’orea specimens, which are slightly laterally compressed in the middle sections, but clearly laterally compressed in apical sections. Nonetheless, the spine sizes observed here are smaller than those reported for the Indonesian specimens of Clade A. The papillae for Indonesian specimens of Clade A are reported being sometimes in the form of marked rounded ridges, and homogeneously distributed on their surface, which corresponds to the ornamentation of the spines observed here in Mo’orea specimens; except that in the middle section, the papillae of the latter specimens are much more developed so that sometimes they almost form tubercles. No secondary spines are observed in any case. Both morphological and genetic evidence confirms that the present species is closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE7DFF15FCF0B2FA" authority="Verrill, 1928" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1928" box="[474,841,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE7DFF15FD08B2FA" box="[474,689,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Antipathes grandis</emphasis>
Verrill, 1928
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FCFEFF15FB83B2FA" author="Wagner, D. &amp; Brugler, M. R. &amp; Opresko, D. M. &amp; France, S. C. &amp; Montgomery, A. D. &amp; Toonen, R. J." box="[857,1082,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="271 - 290" refId="ref20119" refString="Wagner, D., Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M., France, S. C., Montgomery, A. D. &amp; Toonen, R. J. (2010) Using morphometrics, in situ observations and genetic characters to distinguish among commercially valuable Hawaiian black coral species; a redescription of Antipathes grandis Verrill, 1928 (Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24 (3), 271 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 10004" type="journal article" year="2010">
Wagner 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC1CFF15FC4FB2FA" box="[955,1014,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FBE0FF15FAA8B2FA" author="Gress, E. &amp; Opresko, D. M. &amp; Brugler, M. R. &amp; Wagner, D. &amp; Eeckhaut, I. &amp; Terrana, L." box="[1095,1297,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref18443" refString="Gress, E., Opresko, D. M., Brugler, M. R., Wagner, D., Eeckhaut, I. &amp; Terrana, L. (2020) Widest geographic distribution of a shallow and mesophotic antipatharian coral (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): Antipathes grandis VERRILL, 1928 - confirmed by morphometric and molecular analyses. Marine Biodiversity Records, 13 (1), 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 41200 - 020 - 00195 - 0" type="journal article" year="2020">
Gress 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FB37FF15FB72B2FA" box="[1168,1227,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FA82FF15FA24B2FA" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1928" box="[1317,1437,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FA82FF15FA24B2FA" box="[1317,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">A. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described as having similar triangular spines, with rounded tubercles on their surface (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FB6CFF39FA28B29E" author="Gress, E. &amp; Opresko, D. M. &amp; Brugler, M. R. &amp; Wagner, D. &amp; Eeckhaut, I. &amp; Terrana, L." box="[1227,1425,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref18443" refString="Gress, E., Opresko, D. M., Brugler, M. R., Wagner, D., Eeckhaut, I. &amp; Terrana, L. (2020) Widest geographic distribution of a shallow and mesophotic antipatharian coral (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): Antipathes grandis VERRILL, 1928 - confirmed by morphometric and molecular analyses. Marine Biodiversity Records, 13 (1), 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 41200 - 020 - 00195 - 0" type="journal article" year="2020">
Gress 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FAB3FF39FAF4B29E" box="[1300,1357,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Among described species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE79FF5DFDD4B2B2" box="[478,621,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE79FF5DFDD4B2B2" box="[478,621,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, four species have been reported to have a thin corallum with triangular and papillose spines: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE2DFE81FCFFB356" authority="Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[394,838,258,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE2DFE81FDBFB357" box="[394,518,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. contorta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FDA9FE81FCFFB356" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[526,838,258,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(originally from 
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFF8FFB8FBADFE81FBD9B356" box="[1034,1120,259,285]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FBD3FE81FA25B356" authority="Brook, 1889" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[1140,1436,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinulata">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FBD3FE81FABEB356" box="[1140,1287,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. echinulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FAA8FE81FA25B356" author="Brook, G." box="[1295,1436,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref17385" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(originally from 
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFF8FFB8FEF1FEA5FE7FB30A" box="[342,454,295,321]" name="Mauritius" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
, 
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FE75FEA5FDA1B30A" box="[466,536,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, a–c); 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FDC0FEA5FC1FB30A" authority="(Gray, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[615,934,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FDC0FEA5FCB5B30A" box="[615,780,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
(originally from the West Indies, 
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FA8BFEA5FAC8B30A" box="[1324,1393,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, e), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FF6DFEC9FDA4B32E" authority="van Pesch, 1914" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[202,541,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FF6DFEC9FEECB32E" box="[202,341,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. variabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FEC7FEC9FDA4B32E" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[352,541,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(originally from the Indonesian islands, see 
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FB8EFEC9FBC9B32E" box="[1065,1136,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, d and explanation of the type hereafter). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FEEBFEEDFDFBB3C3" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[332,578,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FEEBFEEDFDFBB3C3" box="[332,578,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the present specimens by having only slightly papillose spines with some having apical notches (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FDBCFE11FCEDB3E6" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[539,852,402,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson 1905</bibRefCitation>
; unpublished observations of DMO, see taxonomic discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE9EFE35FE59B39B" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[313,480,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE9EFE35FEF7B39A" box="[313,334,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE26FE35FE59B39B" box="[385,480,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below), whereas they are clearly defined and almost tuberculated here and never notched. The type specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE55FE59FD3AB3BE" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[498,643,475,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinulata">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE55FE59FD3AB3BE" box="[498,643,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. echinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
located in Natural History Museum (London, BM82.2.21.5, NHMUK) is reported as having a basal diameter of 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFF8FFB8FDFFFE7CFD16B052" box="[600,687,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, which is substantially larger than that of the Polynesian specimens. The spines are reported as being short, triangular, compressed, directed upwards, and arranged in spirals, but no mention is made about the ornamentation, except that they are similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC71FDC5FBC3B02A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[982,1146,583,609]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC71FDC5FBC3B02A" box="[982,1146,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A reexamination of both a schizotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FEF6FDE9FE5EB0CE" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[337,487,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinulata">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FEF6FDE9FEE6B0CE" box="[337,351,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FED6FDE9FE5EB0CE" box="[369,487,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">echinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 100371 from 
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFF8FFB8FD53FDE9FCEFB0CE" box="[756,854,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
BM82.2.21.5) and a schizotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FB51FDE9FA25B0CE" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1270,1436,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FB51FDE9FABDB0CE" box="[1270,1284,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FAB2FDE9FA25B0CE" box="[1301,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 100386), as well as the description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FD1DFD0DFCD9B0E2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[698,864,655,681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FD1DFD0DFD71B0E2" box="[698,712,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FD7EFD0DFCD9B0E2" box="[729,864,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FC5AFD0DFB54B0E2" author="Wagner, D. &amp; Brugler, M. R. &amp; Opresko, D. M. &amp; France, S. C. &amp; Montgomery, A. D. &amp; Toonen, R. J." box="[1021,1261,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="271 - 290" refId="ref20119" refString="Wagner, D., Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M., France, S. C., Montgomery, A. D. &amp; Toonen, R. J. (2010) Using morphometrics, in situ observations and genetic characters to distinguish among commercially valuable Hawaiian black coral species; a redescription of Antipathes grandis Verrill, 1928 (Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24 (3), 271 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 10004" type="journal article" year="2010">
Wagner 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FBFAFD0DFB28B0E2" box="[1117,1169,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
shows that the spine ornamentation is different between these species. The spines of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC3BFD31FB97B086" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[924,1070,691,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="echinulata">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC3BFD31FB97B086" box="[924,1070,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. echinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are finely papillose, with minute papillae mostly elongated towards the tip of the spine (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FC87FD55FCD0B0BA" box="[800,873,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, c), while those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FBF5FD55FB40B0BA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1106,1273,727,753]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FBF5FD55FB40B0BA" box="[1106,1273,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have papillae well formed, almost tuberculated (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FD85FD79FDD0B15E" box="[546,617,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FDD0FD79FC18B15E" author="Wagner, D. &amp; Brugler, M. R. &amp; Opresko, D. M. &amp; France, S. C. &amp; Montgomery, A. D. &amp; Toonen, R. J." box="[631,929,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="271 - 290" refId="ref20119" refString="Wagner, D., Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M., France, S. C., Montgomery, A. D. &amp; Toonen, R. J. (2010) Using morphometrics, in situ observations and genetic characters to distinguish among commercially valuable Hawaiian black coral species; a redescription of Antipathes grandis Verrill, 1928 (Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 24 (3), 271 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 10004" type="journal article" year="2010">
d and Wagner 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC87FD79FCE3B15E" box="[800,858,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC12FD79FB6CB15E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[949,1237,763,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC12FD79FB6CB15E" box="[949,1237,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded from the Atlantic Ocean and usually grows vertically (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FD6BFC9DFC02B172" author="Cordeiro, R. T. S. &amp; Maranhao, H. A. &amp; da Silva Lima, S. T. &amp; Perez, C. D." box="[716,955,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="826 - 828" refId="ref17752" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., Maranhao, H. A., da Silva Lima, S. T. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2012) First record of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) and range extensions of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Check List, 8 (4), 826 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.4.826" type="journal article" year="2012">
Cordeiro 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC9CFC9DFCCFB172" box="[827,886,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FC6EFC9DFB08B172" author="Sanchez, J. A. &amp; Gonzalez-Zapata, F. L. &amp; Duenas, L. F. &amp; Andrade, J. &amp; Pico-Vargas, A. L. &amp; Vergara, D. C. &amp; Sarmiento, A. &amp; Bolanos, N." box="[969,1201,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" refId="ref19458" refString="Sanchez, J. A., Gonzalez-Zapata, F. L., Duenas, L. F., Andrade, J., Pico-Vargas, A. L., Vergara, D. C., Sarmiento, A. &amp; Bolanos, N. (2019) Corals in the mesophotic zone (40 - 115 m) at the barrier reef complex from San Andres Island (southwestern Caribbean). Frontiers in Marine Science, 536. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2019.00536" type="journal volume" year="2019">
Sanchez 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FB97FC9DFBD2B172" box="[1072,1131,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Finally, among the almost 
<specimenCount id="9D1B76E7FFF8FFB8FF4FFCC1FE34B116" box="[232,397,835,861]" count="200" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" type="generic">200 specimens</specimenCount>
that 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FE65FCC1FD3BB116" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[450,642,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
assigned to the species 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC2EFCC1FB30B116" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[905,1161,835,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC2EFCC1FB30B116" box="[905,1161,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in five “varieties”, some colonies were reported to be irregularly sinuous with triangular papillose spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF8FFB8FF60FC09FD37B67E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">
It should be noted than 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FE44FC09FD08B1EE" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[483,689,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">Van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
stated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC99FC09FC70B1EE" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[830,969,907,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC99FC09FC70B1EE" box="[830,969,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a new name for the specimen that 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FF30FC2DFEE0B182" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[151,345,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="760 - 763" refId="ref19554" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Diagnosen neuer japanischer Antipatharien aus der Sammlung von Herrn Prof Doflein (Munchen). Zoolischer Anzeiger, 34, 760 - 763." type="journal article" year="1909">Silberfeld (1909)</bibRefCitation>
identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE50FC2DFD69B182" authority="(Gray)" authorityName="sensu Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[503,720,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE50FC2DFDC4B182" box="[503,637,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. filiformis</emphasis>
(Gray)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FD46FC2DFC91B182" box="[737,808,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, d). Within the five varieties that van Pesch described, none of them is identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE41FC51FCE4B1A6" authorityName="Van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[486,861,979,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="variabilis" subSpecies="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE41FC51FCE4B1A6" box="[486,861,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes variabilis variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC33FC51FB5DB1A7" box="[916,1252,979,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="variabilis" subSpecies="typica">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC33FC51FB5DB1A7" box="[916,1252,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes variabilis typica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, it is likely that the original specimen that 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FD92FC75FD4DB65A" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[565,756,1015,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="760 - 763" refId="ref19554" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Diagnosen neuer japanischer Antipatharien aus der Sammlung von Herrn Prof Doflein (Munchen). Zoolischer Anzeiger, 34, 760 - 763." type="journal article" year="1909">Silberfeld (1909)</bibRefCitation>
identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FC2DFC75FB18B65A" authority="(Gray, 1868)" authorityName="sensu Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[906,1185,1015,1041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC2DFC75FBB4B65A" box="[906,1037,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. filiformis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1868)
</taxonomicName>
must be considered as the 
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFF8FFB8FF67FB99FF49B67E" box="[192,240,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FEB1FB99FDB6B67E" authorityName="Van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[278,527,1051,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="variabilis" subSpecies="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FEB1FB99FDB6B67E" box="[278,527,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. variabilis variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFF8FFB8FDB8FB99FDDAB67E" box="[543,611,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1422,1446]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[151,1436,181,1398]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. (a–c) Stichopathes echinulata Brook, 1889 schizotype USNM100371 from holotype BM82.2.21.5 with detailed view of polypar spine.(d) Stichopathes variabilis van Pesch, 1914 – photo of holotype, Stichopathes filiformis (Gray, 1868) sensu Silberfeld, (1909), specimen Zool. Staatssammlung München Reg.Nr. 20030287. (e) Detailed view of a spine of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) schizoholotype USNM100386." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, d).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF8FFB8FF60FBBDFD57B4D2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">
Among the varieties described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FDF4FBBDFCA3B612" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[595,794,1087,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
as having conical to triangular and papillose spines are the specimens belonging to “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FE42FBE1FC11B637" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[485,936,1123,1149]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="variabilis" variety="asperispina">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FE42FBE1FD50B636" box="[485,745,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes variabilis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FC82FBE1FC11B637" box="[805,936,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">asperispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. A total of 
<specimenCount id="9D1B76E7FFF8FFB8FB9DFBE1FB6DB636" box="[1082,1236,1123,1149]" count="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" type="generic">82 specimens</specimenCount>
were assigned to this name and were collected from 15 meters down to 567 meters depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FC45FB05FB21B6EA" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[994,1176,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
) in Indonesian waters. Some are reported to be thin and irregularly sinuous. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FCA3FB29FC76B68E" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[772,975,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">Van Pesch (1914)</bibRefCitation>
divided the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FBC5FB29FA84B68F" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[1122,1341,1195,1221]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="variabilis" variety="asperispina">
variety 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FB1DFB29FA84B68F" box="[1210,1341,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">asperispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into six groups depending on the collection site (see 
<tableCitation id="C69F88D5FFF8FFB8FD32FB4DFD50B6A2" box="[661,745,1231,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,600,625]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological characteristics of the groups described within Stichopathes variabilis var. asperispina by van Pesch, 1914." pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Table 2</tableCitation>
for a comparison of the morphological traits of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FAB4FB4DFEF2B747" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="variabilis" variety="asperispina">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FAB4FB4DFA25B6A2" box="[1299,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. variabilis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FF6FFB71FEF2B747" box="[200,331,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">asperispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It is probable that the specimens included in this species and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FBB1FB71FB0EB746" box="[1046,1207,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" rank="variety" variety="belong">variety belong</taxonomicName>
to different species, and that dredged fragments coming from different genera of branched species might have been misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FF30FAB9FE9FB71E" box="[151,294,1339,1365]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FF30FAB9FE9FB71E" box="[151,294,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the polyps were found in a single row. He reported that all the specimens assigned to this 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FF30FADDFEFBB732" box="[151,322,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" rank="variety" variety="showed">variety showed</taxonomicName>
a great variability in their polyp morphology, which is now considered as an identification criterion for antipatharians. He stated that “The very diverging shape of the polyps is the best proof how cautious one should be in making use of the polypar structure and dimension as specific or even generic differences” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FA8DFA25FF6AB7AE" author="Van Pesch, A. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
), meaning that he did not take into account such polyp differences to separate species. Another example is the observation of very tall, papillose, needle-like spines in some specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FC43FA6DFB25B442" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[996,1180,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 199–120) along with antler-like spines (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFF8FFB8FE39F991FDEAB466" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[414,595,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 168, 171) which are usually found within myriopathids. Considering the large discrepancies between polypar spine size and shape, the polyp and tentacle size and shape, as well as the large depth distribution of the specimens, one cannot be confident with the identification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FB07F9D9FA9EB43E" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[1184,1319,1627,1653]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FB07F9D9FA9EB43E" box="[1184,1319,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending a careful reexamination of all of van Pesch’ specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF8FFB8FF60F921FAD7B562" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">
The only molecular data available to date for specimens presumably identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FBC4F921FB53B4F6" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[1123,1258,1699,1725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FBC4F921FB53B4F6" box="[1123,1258,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Miller 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FAC3F921FA24B4F6" box="[1380,1437,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
(2010) do not confirm a close relationship to 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FD05F945FC86B4AA" box="[674,831,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FD05F945FC83B4AA" authorityName="Terrana &amp; Rouzé &amp; Opresko &amp; Consortium &amp; Eeckhaut &amp; Dubois &amp; Hédouin &amp; Godefroid" authorityYear="2024" box="[674,826,1735,1761]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desaturata">S. desaturata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In conclusion, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FBBBF945FABCB4AA" box="[1052,1285,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FBBBF945FB12B4AA" box="[1052,1195,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Stichopathes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
most closely related to the French Polynesian specimens to date is 
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFF8FFB8FD4EF969FC32B54E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[745,907,1771,1797]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FD4EF969FC32B54E" box="[745,907,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the differences in the growth pattern of the corallum and ornamentation of the spines do not allow the inclusion of the present specimens into this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFF8FFB8FF60F8B1FCE6B5DE" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFF8FFB8FF60F8B1FCE6B5DE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FF60F8B1FEF7B506" bold="true" box="[199,334,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is derived from the Latin 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FD4DF8B1FC88B507" box="[746,817,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">saturo</emphasis>
, meaning saturated, and the prefix 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FB1BF8B1FB59B506" box="[1212,1248,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">de-</emphasis>
, the negation, in reference to the hours of decompression stops that the technical divers had to do when the 
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFF8FFB8FB25F8D5FB5DB53A" box="[1154,1252,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected at 
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFF8FFB8FF30F8F9FF67B5DE" box="[151,222,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
depth during the scientific expedition of 
<emphasis id="B969617CFFF8FFB8FD0AF8F9FCEEB5DE" box="[685,855,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="192">Under the Pole</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>