326 lines
50 KiB
XML
326 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="66EBF9B6B7F3DFE41B79227B9C6C8017" ID-CLB-Dataset="96197" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5165.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4d70573-1356-4ff2-8fae-af10ccdef495" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831662" ID-ZooBank="6EE2801D-1D10-42FF-9949-D96FDAD46ABC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657783919793" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vassallo-Avalos, Aurora, González-Muñoz, Ricardo, Acuña, Fabián H., Cervantes-Ramírez, Itzel Ittaí & Rivas, Gerardo" docDate="2022" docId="03A987F09443FFDE13B6FF5BD8C774CA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5165.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5165 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anthopleura elegantissima" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="FF90FF889448FFD51321FFCDDB1B7376" masterDocTitle="Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1699359011993" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="89C1ABFF9D29F406320BF46A325A6DC9">Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B1ECC92771A3B419E583CC8FD003CBA">Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México. auroravassallo @ ciencias. unam. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4756 - 3460 & Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Departamento Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A2922911384BAB2BB64C0462FDC1E1D">Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, C. P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina & ricordea. gonzalez @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9509 - 0269</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F83267EF5614B87928533E8E9135882A">Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, C. P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina & Estación Científica Coiba (Coiba-AIP), calle Gustavo Lara, Edificio 145 B, Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá facuna @ mdp. edu. ar; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3075 - 2492</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A987F09443FFDE13B6FF5BD8C774CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6834820" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197528696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6834820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987F09443FFDE13B6FF5BD8C774CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987F09443FFDE13B6FF5BD8C774CA" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13B6FF5BD99873C6" ID-CoL="67FKB" authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,643,150,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
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<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FF5BD99873C6" bold="true" box="[151,643,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FF5BDAD673C7" bold="true" box="[151,461,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE12FDFF5BD96173C6" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[476,634,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FF77DA9F73A2" blockId="11.[151,643,150,212]" box="[151,388,186,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE13BEFF77DA1A73A2" box="[159,257,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C682035D9443FFDE122DFF77DA7B73A2" box="[268,352,186,212]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[150,238,483,509]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of the diagnostic features of the species of Anthopleura from the eastern Pacific Ocean based on published literature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B">Table 3</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C682035D9443FFDE124CFF77DA6773A2" box="[365,380,186,212]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[150,238,670,696]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 4. Size ranges and distribution of cnidae of Anthopleura elegantissima: ml and mw are the means, N is the proportion of animals examined with the respective type of cnidae present; n is the number of capsules measured. Sizes in micrometers. Letters in parenthesis correspond with images in Fig. 4. (1) named as atrich, (2) microbasic p-mastigophore by Carlgren (1952)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E9445FFD813B7FD53DAB67076" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="DF7F666E9445FFD813B7FD53DAB67076">4</tableCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FF32D9527261" blockId="11.[151,950,254,432]" box="[151,585,254,279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA110F79443FFDE13B6FF32D9527261" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[151,585,254,279]" page="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" year="1835">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13B6FF32D9527261" ID-CoL="9T7Y" authority="Brandt, 1835, p. 213" authorityName="Brandt" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,585,254,279]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
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<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FF32DA697261" box="[151,370,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Actinia elegantissima</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE1259FF32DAE47260" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[376,511,254,279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 213
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<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FED0D87C7243" blockId="11.[151,950,254,432]" box="[151,871,285,309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FED0DABC7243" box="[151,423,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE1294FED0D9247243" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[437,575,285,309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA110F79443FFDE1171FED0D82F7243" author="Carlgren, O." box="[592,820,285,309]" page="382" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE1171FED0D9F07243" author="Carlgren, O." box="[592,747,285,309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 382
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</treatmentCitation>
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–384
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FEF1D85B7222" blockId="11.[151,950,254,432]" box="[151,832,316,340]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13B6FEF1DABC7222" ID-CoL="67FKB" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,423,316,340]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
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<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FEF1DABC7222" box="[151,423,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clonal Potts & Smith, 1987, p. 538–544
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FE96D8007205" blockId="11.[151,950,254,432]" box="[151,795,346,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011C89443FFDE13B6FE96D8007205" box="[151,795,346,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13B6FE96D9217204" ID-CoL="NV8M" authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,570,346,371]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
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<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FE96DA807205" box="[151,411,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Bunodactis elegantissima</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE1289FE96D9297204" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[424,562,346,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110F79443FFDE1165FE96D8007205" author="Carlgren, O." box="[580,795,347,371]" page="66" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" year="1949">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE1165FE96D9C57205" author="Carlgren, O." box="[580,734,347,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref12795" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, 1, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 66
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FEB4D8AD72E7" blockId="11.[151,950,254,432]" box="[151,950,377,401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13B6FEB4D93A72E7" ID-CoL="ZFPG" authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,545,377,401]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Cribrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FEB4DA9A72E7" box="[151,385,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Cribrina elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE12AEFEB4D90272E7" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[399,537,377,401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: McMurrich, 1901, p. 18–23, 25, 37–38
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FE55D82272C6" blockId="11.[151,950,254,432]" box="[151,825,408,432]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
[non]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13F5FE55D81E72C6" ID-CoL="67FKB" authority="Potts & Smith, 1987, p. 538" authorityName="Potts & Smith" authorityPageNumber="538" authorityYear="1987" box="[212,773,408,432]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13F5FE55DAFF72C6" box="[212,484,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
Potts & Smith, 1987, p. 538
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–544
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A656D9443FFDE13B6FE13DF1D762E" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13B6FE13D949728E" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" box="[151,594,478,504]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6FE13DA9A728E" bold="true" box="[151,385,478,504]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
(See Appendix 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6FDCFDA85716A" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" box="[199,414,514,540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13E6FDCFDA85716A" bold="true" box="[199,414,514,540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Short description.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6FDEBDF2370F2" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
External anatomy: oral disc smooth, flat, bulged, olive-green or emerald-green with greenish to brownish radial lines from the base of tentacles to mouth; mouth rounded. Tentacles shorter than oral disc, smooth, thin, conical, pointed, olive-green or greenish with pink, with purple or blue tips and some with yellow or white spots; tentacles arranged in six cycles (up to 120 tentacles in specimens examined), all similar length, contractile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE1635FD5FDE8B71DA" box="[1300,1424,658,684]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Deep fosse. Margin with endocoelic marginal projections, green to brown, and white acrorhagi atop each projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE13BEFD17DA0C7182" box="[159,279,730,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Column cylindrical, in preserved specimens
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B039443FFDE1008FD17D88E7183" box="[809,917,730,757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="3.0">3–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B039443FFDE1733FD17DF647183" box="[1042,1151,730,757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="4.0">4–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in preserved specimens, with endo- and exocoelic verrucae arranged in longitudinal rows from distal margin to limbus, distalmost part with compound verrucae; column pale green to beige, most distal verrucae dark green to brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE1670FCEFDBA77016" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedal disc well-developed, strong,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B039443FFDE1172FC8BD9A67017" box="[595,701,838,865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="5.0">5–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in preserved specimens, mesenterial insertions visible as light lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE1212FCA7DAB770F2" box="[307,428,874,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved specimens light-brown to olive green in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6FC43D934772A" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Internal anatomy: mesenteries arranged in five cycles: first and second cycles perfect, others imperfect. Actinopharynx deeply sulcated with two pairs of directive mesenteries, each attached to a well-developed siphonoglyph. No gametogenic tissue observed in specimens examined. Retractor muscles well-developed, diffuse to restricted; parietobasilar muscles well-developed with free mesogleal pennon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE1083FC37DF017762" box="[930,1050,1018,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
); basilar muscles well developed. Endodermal marginal sphincter muscle circumscribed, pinnate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE1041FBD3D8C8774E" box="[864,979,1054,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE13D2FB8FDA77772A" box="[243,364,1090,1116]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooxanthellate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6FBABD84077D2" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Cnidom: basitrichs, spirocysts, holotrichs,
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1187FBAAD9AF77F6" box="[678,692,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores A,
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE10A8FBAAD88C77F6" box="[905,919,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores B1 and
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1783FBABDFAB77F6" box="[1186,1200,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A639443FFDE164DFBABDA1077D2" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[210,1377,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831670/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figure 4H–V</figureCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C682035D9443FFDE126CFB47DA8477D2" box="[333,415,1162,1188]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[150,238,670,696]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 4. Size ranges and distribution of cnidae of Anthopleura elegantissima: ml and mw are the means, N is the proportion of animals examined with the respective type of cnidae present; n is the number of capsules measured. Sizes in micrometers. Letters in parenthesis correspond with images in Fig. 4. (1) named as atrich, (2) microbasic p-mastigophore by Carlgren (1952)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E9445FFD813B7FD53DAB67076" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="DF7F666E9445FFD813B7FD53DAB67076">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
for the sizes and distribution of cnidae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6FB63DF1D762E" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13E6FB63DA9D77BE" bold="true" box="[199,390,1198,1224]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE12AFFB63D9A777BE" authorityName="Potts & Smith" authorityYear="1987" box="[398,700,1198,1224]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE12AFFB63D9A777BE" box="[398,700,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the intertidal zones, in open and semi-protected sites on rocky shores, tidal pools and crevices. It can also be found along unsheltered coastlines, exposed directly to sun light. It is one of the most abundant species in the intertidal zone, forming large aggregations of just over
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D06FD6F9443FFDE1601FB3BDE447667" box="[1312,1375,1270,1297]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B039443FFDE1601FB3BDE407667" box="[1312,1371,1270,1297]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Generally covered with sand and remains of shells in a dense layer, camouflaged against the substrate when contracted. It is able to survive in polluted waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE116DFAF3D834762E" author="Haderlie, C. E. & Hand, C. & Gladfelter, W. B." box="[588,815,1342,1369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="40 - 75" refId="ref14795" refString="Haderlie, C. E., Hand, C. & Gladfelter, W. B. (1980) Cnidaria (Coelenterata): The Sea Anemones and Allies. In Morris, H. R., Abbott, D. P. & Haderlie, E. C. (Eds.), Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California, pp. 40 - 75." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Haderlie
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1194FAF2D9FD762E" box="[693,742,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE101AFAF3D8E1762E" author="Rudy, P. & Hay, L. R. & Watson, J. F." box="[827,1018,1342,1369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref16264" refString="Rudy, P., Hay, L. R. & Watson, J. F. (1983) Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals. Fish and Wildlife Service, US Deptartament of the Interior, Charleston, Oregon, 226 pp." type="book" year="1983">
|
||
Rudy
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE105EFAF2D8AB762E" box="[895,944,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A656D9443FFDE13E6FAAFD95F757A" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6FAAFD95F757A" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13E6FAAFDA7A760A" bold="true" box="[199,353,1378,1404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Along the west coast of North America, from Alaska to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31776769443FFDE10C7FAAFDF7E760A" box="[998,1125,1378,1404]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31776769443FFDE17B1FAAEDFCB760B" box="[1168,1232,1379,1405]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31776769443FFDE1396FA4ADBE076D7" box="[183,251,1415,1441]" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE122AFA4BDAA976D7" author="Carlgren, O." box="[267,434,1414,1441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE129CFA4BD99076D6" author="Acuna, F. H. & Garese, A. & Excoffon, A. C. & Cortes, J." box="[445,651,1414,1441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="177 - 184" refId="ref12274" refString="Acuna, F. H., Garese, A., Excoffon, A. C. & Cortes, J. (2013) New records of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia, 48, 177 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 19572013000100015" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Acuña
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE112FFA4AD95A76D6" box="[526,577,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE11B9FA4BD89576D6" author="Daly, M. & Fautin, D. G." box="[664,910,1414,1440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref12995" refString="Daly, M. & Fautin, D. G. (2022 a) World List of Actiniaria. Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt, 1835). World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 283347 (accessed 17 March 2022)" type="url" year="2022">Daly & Fautin 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species has been previously recorded in Punta Banda, Baja California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE12CCFA67D9F276B2" author="McFadden, C. S. & Grosberg, R. K. & Cameron, B. B. & Karlton, D. P. & Secord, D." box="[493,745,1450,1477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="127 - 139" refId="ref15694" refString="McFadden, C. S., Grosberg, R. K., Cameron, B. B., Karlton, D. P. & Secord, D. (1997) Genetic relationships within and between clonal and solitary forms of the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima revisited: evidence for the existence of two species. Marine Biology, 128, 127 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270050076" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE114FFA66D98476B2" box="[622,671,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this is its first record in Punta Bandera, Punta Morro, La Chorera, Punta Baja, along the coast of Baja California; and in Punta Eugenia, Punta Abreojos and San Juanico, along the coast of Baja California Sur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A656D9443FFDE13E6F9DBD8C774CA" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36E69443FFDE13E6F9DBD8C774CA" blockId="11.[151,1437,478,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13E6F9DBDA207546" bold="true" box="[199,315,1558,1584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE1262F9DADAE57546" authorityName="Potts & Smith" authorityYear="1987" box="[323,510,1558,1585]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1262F9DADAE57546" box="[323,510,1558,1585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE1098F9DBDF5E7546" authorityName="Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" box="[953,1093,1558,1584]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1098F9DBDF5E7546" box="[953,1093,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its color pattern of the oral disc, column, and tentacles, and in its verrucae, which are prominent and closely spaced on the distal column. In addition, there are some differences in the size-ranges of the cnidae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE1087F993DFCF750E" authorityName="Potts & Smith" authorityYear="1987" box="[934,1236,1630,1656]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1087F993DFCF750E" box="[934,1236,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has larger cnidae than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE13EEF94EDA4375EA" box="[207,344,1667,1693]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13EEF94EDA4375EA" box="[207,344,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. artemisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and has holotrichs in the column, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE100EF94ED88575EA" box="[815,926,1667,1693]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE100EF94ED88575EA" box="[815,926,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. mariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sizes of the cnidae of the specimens examined were mostly within the range reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B179443FFDE11E1F96BD86E75B7" author="Carlgren, O." box="[704,885,1702,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, except for the holotrichs of the acrorhagi and the
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE13B6F906DBBE7592" box="[151,165,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores A from the actinopharynx and the filaments, which were much larger in our specimens. Although the presence of two siphonoglyphs was observed in the specimens examined, this species has been reported with 1–3 siphonoglyphs due to asexual reproduction. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE1021F8DED8A0745A" authorityName="Potts & Smith" authorityYear="1987" box="[768,955,1810,1837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1021F8DED8A0745A" box="[768,955,1810,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE10D4F8DEDF5F745A" authorityName="Pearse & Francis" authorityYear="2000" box="[1013,1092,1810,1837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE10D4F8DEDF5F745A" box="[1013,1092,1810,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. sola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have zooxanthellae, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE16A5F8DEDA1A7426" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE16A5F8DEDA1A7426" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. artemisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE1216F8FADAB77426" authorityName="Spano & Haussermann" authorityYear="2017" box="[311,428,1846,1873]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE1216F8FADAB77426" box="[311,428,1846,1873]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. radians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C682035D9443FFDE129BF8FBD90A7426" box="[442,529,1846,1872]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[150,238,483,509]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of the diagnostic features of the species of Anthopleura from the eastern Pacific Ocean based on published literature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Along the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C4F8049443FFDE11BBF8FBD85D7426" box="[666,838,1846,1872]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
peninsula we could observe dense aggregations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D659443FFDE16A5F8FADA2A7402" authorityName="Potts & Smith" authorityYear="1987" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAF49443FFDE16A5F8FADA2A7402" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clones within tide pools, cracks, cavities, and channels that form at low tide. Generally, the aggregations found in exposed habitats showed dense layers of shells and debris adhering to the column, as well as the contracted body, which may favor water retention and prevent desiccation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |