162 lines
33 KiB
XML
162 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="DA5B5B1AEDD119847E58DB4F932A4463" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2019-0013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386203" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630303095841" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. & Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2019" docId="0396DC10BF41C24DCD91B29FE3551A69" docLanguage="en" docName="2_Friis.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 75 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Reyanthus lusitanicus E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="FFAFA468BF0FC203CD58B635E7781C51" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="231" updateTime="1699221227565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="BA3F81B5B071EEECCFE34817ED465795">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DA2866EE911D84BD43C2A109041D4F50">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="325ED5C305EE72D4F870715EC972BB54">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8FF9B1C8D07E0F9BF5DC4F48FE29FF22">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4088F6CC729F3E6296673FCFFF15D560">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="37DD706F979A0D3BA983A1020D9E859B">2019</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF41C24DCD91B29FE53318B2" bold="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF41C24DCD91B29FE69618B3" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Reyanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF41C24DCD91B29FE6C51893" bold="true" box="[201,445,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Reyanthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2780C6FBF41C24DCCADB2FEE53318B2" box="[501,587,1227,1251]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCC2AB2D9E5761955" blockId="78.[370,526,1260,1284]" box="[370,526,1260,1284]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DCC2AB2D9E5761955" box="[370,526,1260,1284]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50a–j</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3253E8DBF41C24DCDFEB329E3551A69" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDFEB329E5711905" blockId="78.[129,768,1308,1365]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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H o l o t y p e. Designated here. S136716 (Torres Vedras sample 299; figured
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DCC03B308E6861905" box="[347,510,1340,1365]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50a–f</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDFEB358E58519D5" blockId="78.[129,765,1388,1445]" box="[166,765,1388,1413]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDD9B3B8E6BF19F4" blockId="78.[129,765,1388,1445]" box="[129,455,1421,1445]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">PFN000492 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDFEB38BE67319A7" blockId="78.[129,768,1469,1526]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">P a r a t y p e. Designated here. S136717 (Torres Vedras sample 299).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDFEB03BE6251A36" blockId="78.[129,768,1550,1639]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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<materialsCitation id="3B57675BBF41C24DCDFEB03BE6211A36" collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EF5C3BF41C24DCDFEB03BE7C01A74" box="[166,184,1550,1573]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4F77CBF41C24DCFDDB03BE6411A17" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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, the
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<collectingCounty id="62E1158ABF41C24DCC35B01BE5831A17" box="[365,763,1582,1606]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FBA3E4BF41C24DCDD9B07AE78F1A36" box="[129,247,1615,1639]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF41C24DCC59B07AE6211A36" box="[257,345,1615,1639]" name="Sweden" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDFEB0B5E6A31AE9" blockId="78.[129,767,1663,1720]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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E t y m o l o g y. From Latin: Lusitania for
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<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF41C24DCFFDB04AE5871AC6" box="[677,767,1663,1687]" name="Portugal" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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where the fossil was discovered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDFEB0E5E5871AB9" blockId="78.[129,767,1744,1801]" box="[166,767,1744,1768]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">T y p e l o c a l i t y. Torres Vedras (NE of Forte de</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCDD9B0C4E6941B58" blockId="78.[129,767,1744,1801]" box="[129,492,1775,1801]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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Forca;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF41C24DCD93B0DAE62C1B59" box="[203,340,1775,1800]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" precision="15" seconds="13" value="39.10361">39°06′13″ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF41C24DCC06B0DAE6981B58" box="[350,480,1775,1801]" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-9.246389">9°14′47″ W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCE29B6ADE4A61CA1" blockId="78.[843,1482,151,240]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Lower member of the Almargem Formation; Early Cretaceous (late Barremianearly Aptian).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCE29B73DE3B61D71" blockId="78.[881,1230,263,288]" box="[881,1230,263,288]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">D i a g n o s i s. As for the genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCE29B702E2B21D1F" blockId="78.[843,1482,311,367]" box="[881,1482,311,335]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">D i m e n s i o n s. Length of flower without stalk: ca.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCE13B762E38E1D3E" blockId="78.[843,1482,311,367]" box="[843,1270,343,367]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF41C24DCE13B762E4D51D3E" box="[843,941,343,367]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
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; width of flower: ca.
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<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF41C24DC9D7B762E38A1D3E" box="[1167,1266,343,367]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCE29B7B2E39F1936" blockId="78.[843,1483,391,1383]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF41C24DC805B7B2E4C41DEE" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Reyanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF41C24DC805B7B2E4C41DEE" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Reyanthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on a single multiparted flower and a group of detached carpels, all of which have been studied with SEM and SRXTM. The flower is borne on a stout stalk that has an associated bract (
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DC973B43DE3A01E71" box="[1067,1240,520,544]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50a, b</figureCitation>
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). Below the flower is another bract with a small bud in its axil, which is probably an undeveloped flower (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DC97DB47DE3C81E31" box="[1061,1200,584,608]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outer parts the flower are abraded and tepals and stamens are poorly preserved. The number and arrangement of tepals and stamens is uncertain. Small dorsiventrally flattened structures immediately outside the carpels are the probable remains of stamens, or perhaps staminodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DCE88B4DFE3241F53" box="[976,1116,746,770]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50e</figureCitation>
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||
). The tepals and stamens are each apparently arranged in a single series. The gynoecium is multicarpellate and apocarpous. It consists of about 20 carpels borne helically on a short conical receptacle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DC847B57EE2B81F33" box="[1311,1472,842,867]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The carpels are crescent-shaped, slightly flattened laterally and have a straight ventral margin. The stigma is sessile, indistinct. The flower appears to be preserved at anthesis and the number of ovules is not clear. However, the detached carpels are larger and probably more mature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DC847B5D9E2C71855" box="[1311,1471,1004,1028]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
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Text-fig.
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||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF41C24DC827B5D9E2D01855" box="[1407,1448,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" unit="g" value="50.0">50g</quantity>
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–j
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||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). These detached carpels are assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF41C24DC9BDB239E2B21875" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" box="[1253,1482,1036,1060]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Reyanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF41C24DC9BDB239E2B21875" box="[1253,1482,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Reyanthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their shape, and also the anatomy of the carpel wall. They contain several ovules borne along either side of the ventral suture. None of the fossil material is sufficiently well preserved to provide information on the organization of the ovules. All floral parts contain large, spherical cells that are densely spaced throughout the tissues, which we interpret as oil cells. In the larger, isolated carpels the oil cells are embedded in the outer tissue of the carpel wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DC819B33AE42B1916" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Text-fig. 50i, j</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are often visible on the carpel surface or sometimes as holes in the fruit wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13047183BF41C24DC96EB37AE3A31936" box="[1078,1243,1359,1383]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="79.[125,206,1549,1570]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-337@79.[615,998,708,1080]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386369/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
|
||
Text-fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF41C24DC9CFB37AE3B81936" box="[1175,1216,1359,1383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" unit="g" value="50.0">50g</quantity>
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, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF41C24DCE29B34AE3551A69" blockId="78.[843,1482,1407,1592]" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">
|
||
A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF41C24DC802B34AE4C719E6" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Reyanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF41C24DC802B34AE4C719E6" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="231">Reyanthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the Torres Vedras locality. Taken together, the multiparted organization, the presence of oil cells and the several ovules per carpel indicate affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF41C24DCEDFB035E3761A49" authorityName="JUSS. ex BERCHT. et J. PRESL" authorityYear="1820" box="[903,1038,1536,1560]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Magnoliales</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there is no clear relationship to a specific extant taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |