313 lines
40 KiB
XML
313 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="733DB3E6C2689C993CD581229AF09630" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802920" ID-ZooBank="12FC3342-F2A0-4EE1-9853-9C5855076A10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640331575322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R. & Faucci, Anuschka" docDate="2021" docId="039687B70D00E0457DA025AA60ACF8B3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5085.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5085 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Monotheca flexuosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFAFFFCF0D24E0617D3727506411FFF0" masterDocTitle="Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1699444236123" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="66D31D1BE58E3F0CE36EFE212F8778B8">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A1DE9758C2E8CB9FB9C133E31DB0749C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="170EAA5677C55332526A6BD78FFC82B9">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9B156F678BBECFEA716FD4D4B973FE6">Faucci, Anuschka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7821670B7F41970DFA33E10473F90392" type="email">anuschka@hawaii.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D9D3929ACF23EBC9439CAF63206B7623">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8865580FDE43915B3C96D2B61A57DCE1">
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<mods:date id="F671332ABB9A69A4FB613980AF032290">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="01F46B554FA09B01EAAD00A02ABCCE00">2021-12-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D5380265212D73D9DC6074BE149B9972">5085</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3FE3D4BAE7648C7A9C8E52F871D13B52" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A67EFA13F6F7F54FDCD96B54B73EE34E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF81F78640A94AF12FF795FE450FE2A8" type="Zenodo-Dep">5802920</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039687B70D00E0457DA025AA60ACF8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D00E0457DA025AA60ACF8B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B70D00E0457DA025AA60ACF8B3" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D00E0457DA025AA6638FCE4" box="[151,553,762,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DA025AA6638FCE4" blockId="36.[151,553,762,825]" box="[151,553,762,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D0C881CD0D00E0457DA025AA6638FCE4" bold="true" box="[151,553,762,789]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457DA025AA6638FCE4" ID-CoL="449NG" authority="(Bale, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,553,762,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DA025AA6638FCE4" bold="true" box="[151,553,762,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DA025AA659FFCE5" bold="true" box="[151,398,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monotheca flexuosa</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457CA925AA6630FCE4" author="Bale, W. M." box="[414,545,762,788]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref50012" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D00E0457DA0244F64E0FCC9" box="[151,241,799,825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DA0244F64E0FCC9" blockId="36.[151,553,762,825]" box="[151,241,799,825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D00E0457DA0244F64E0FCC9" box="[151,241,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1030,1054]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,993]" captionTargetId="figure-19@37.[151,1437,181,1006]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 11. Plumulariidae. a, Monotheca flexuosa (Bale, 1894), part of hydrocaulus with two hydrocladia, each with a hydrotheca, Kure Atoll, ROMIZ B5447. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Monotheca gibbosa, sp. nov., holotype, part of hydrocaulus with hydrocladia and three hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5448. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Monotheca gibbosa, sp. nov., holotype, part of hydrocaulus, and a hydrocladium with one hydrotheca, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5448. Scale equals 0.05 mm. d, Plumularia floridana (Nutting 1900), part of hydrocaulus with bases of two hydrocladia, one with two hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5449. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Plumularia strictocarpa Pictet, 1893, part of hydrocaulus with bases of two hydrocladia, one with two hydrothecae, Kure Atoll, ROMIZ B5453. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Plumularia strictocarpa Pictet, 1893, part of hydrorhiza, and proximal end of hydrocaulus with a gonotheca, Kure Atoll, ROMIZ B5453. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802950/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D00E0457DA0243366B5FC6A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DA0243366A3FC8B" blockId="36.[151,690,867,922]" box="[151,690,867,891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D00E0457DA0243366A3FC8B" box="[151,690,867,891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D00E0457DA02433661FFC8B" author="Bale, W. M." box="[151,526,867,891]" page="115" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1894">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457DA02433661FFC8B" ID-CoL="783Q5" authority="Bale, 1894: 115" authorityName="Bale" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,526,867,891]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DA024336574FC8B" box="[151,357,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plumularia flexuosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457C5B2433661FFC8B" author="Bale, W. M." box="[364,526,867,891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref50012" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale, 1894: 115</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 5 figs 6–10.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DA024D266B5FC6A" blockId="36.[151,690,867,922]" box="[151,676,898,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D00E0457DA024D266B5FC6A" box="[151,676,898,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457DA024D26572FC6A" ID-CoL="449NG" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,355,898,922]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DA024D26572FC6A" box="[151,355,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monotheca flexuosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D00E0457CB524D2662AFC6A" author="Calder, D. R." box="[386,571,898,922]" page="225" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457CB524D2662AFC6A" author="Calder, D. R." box="[386,571,898,922]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder, 2020: 225</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 7d–f.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D00E0457DA0249865B2FBBF" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DA0249864CDFBF7" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D00E0457DA0249864C6FBF7" country="Australia" location="Cape Lefebvre" municipality="Snowy River" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DA024986529FC12" bold="true" box="[151,312,968,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<typeStatus id="548488030D00E0457DA0249864C3FC12" box="[151,210,968,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E0457C75249865BCFC12" box="[322,429,968,994]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Australia</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D00E0457C8E24986607FC12" box="[441,534,968,994]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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, “mouth of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACDB0D00E0457F9524986729FC12" box="[674,824,968,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Snowy River</collectingMunicipality>
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and
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<location id="8EE0607A0D00E0457E442498600FFC12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D00E0457DA025AA60ACF8B3:8EE0607A0D00E0457E442498600FFC12" box="[883,1054,968,994]" country="Australia" municipality="Snowy River" name="Cape Lefebvre" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Victoria">Cape Lefebvre</location>
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” (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E045790E249860A2FC12" author="Bale, W. M." box="[1081,1203,968,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref50012" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale 1894</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E04579D6249864DDFBF6" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1894" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E04579D6249864DDFBF6" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plumularia flexuosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DF0234065B2FBBF" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DF0234065B1FBDA" bold="true" box="[199,416,1040,1066]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Voucher material.</emphasis>
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Kure Atoll, on algae,
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<date id="FF8110610D00E0457F942340670CFBDA" box="[675,797,1040,1066]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2002-09-26">26.ix.2002</date>
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, one colony,
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<quantity id="4CC79B440D00E0457E802340601EFBDB" box="[951,1039,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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high, without gonothecae, coll. A. Faucci,
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D00E0457DC72364655BFBBE" box="[240,330,1076,1102]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
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B5447.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D00E0457DF0230860ACF8B3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DF023086061FB4A" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DF02308652AFB82" bold="true" box="[199,315,1112,1138]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Originally described from
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<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E0457F5A230866C6FB82" box="[621,727,1112,1138]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457FD42308604BFB82" authority="(Bale, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[739,1114,1112,1138]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457FD4230867D7FB82" box="[739,966,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monotheca flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457EE123086043FB82" author="Bale, W. M." box="[982,1106,1112,1138]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref50012" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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was recently reported in the central North Pacific from the main Hawaiian Islands of Oahu and Maui (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457EE0232C6079FB66" author="Calder, D. R." box="[983,1128,1148,1174]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While its overall distribution is still uncertain,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457CBD23F1662AFB4A" author="Watson, J. E." box="[394,571,1184,1211]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref71197" refString="Watson, J. E. (2011 a) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 68, 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
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suspected that the species might be cosmopolitan.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DF02395655EFA2A" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
In having slender colonies and cup-shaped hydrothecae with essentially straight margins,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E045799223956137FB2E" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1189,1318,1220,1246]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E045799223956137FB2E" box="[1189,1318,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457DA023B965CEFAF2" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,479,1256,1282]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DA023B96528FAF2" box="[151,313,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. margaretta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457C7723B865CEFAF2" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[320,479,1256,1282]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548488030D00E0457F2323B96655FAF3" box="[532,580,1257,1283]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457FF423B867F9FAF2" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[707,1000,1256,1282]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457FF423B86750FAF2" box="[707,833,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monotheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457E7E23B867F9FAF2" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[841,1000,1256,1282]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E045795323B96117FAF2" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[1124,1286,1257,1282]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E045795323B96117FAF2" box="[1124,1286,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. margaretta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, its stems are more flexuous, lateral nematothecae appear sessile rather than pedicellate, and hydrothecae lack a median adaxial notch. Another similar species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457F5D22616781FABA" authority="(Bale, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[618,912,1328,1354]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457F5D226166E9FABA" box="[618,760,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457E3E22606796FABA" author="Bale, W. M." box="[777,903,1328,1354]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="15 - 48" refId="ref49853" refString="Bale, W. M. (1881) On the Hydroida of south-eastern Australia, with descriptions of supposed new species, and notes on the genus Aglaophenia. Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria, 2, 15 - 48. [While usually cited as 1882, evidence exists that this work appeared earlier. According to Bedot (1916: 6), " Il a paru un tirage a part antidate en 1881 "]" type="journal article" year="1881">Bale, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its stem is robust with stronger perisarcal ridges, and hydrocladia arise midway along much shorter cauline internodes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457ECC22046063FA9E" author="Bale, W. M." box="[1019,1138,1364,1390]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref50012" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E045794A2205610EFA9E" author="Watson, J. E." box="[1149,1311,1364,1391]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref71197" refString="Watson, J. E. (2011 a) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 68, 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457849220565BEFA62" authority="(Johnston, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457849220564FCFA62" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. obliqua</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457DCD222865B9FA62" author="Johnston, G." box="[250,424,1400,1426]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref60485" refString="Johnston, G. (1847) A history of the British zoophytes. 2 nd Edition. John Van Voorst, London, 488 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19627" type="book" year="1847">Johnston, 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its margin is more sinuous, and female gonothecae appear to be smooth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E04579EE22286185FA63" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1241,1428,1400,1427]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref54973" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) rather than transversally ridged, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457F0022CD676AFA46" authority="(Calder 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[567,891,1436,1462]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457F0022CD66C6FA46" box="[567,727,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. margaretta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457FD222CC6762FA46" author="Calder, D. R." box="[741,883,1436,1462]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref52566" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or smooth to faintly undulated, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E045782C22CD655AFA2A" authority="(Watson 2011 a)" baseAuthorityName="Watson" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E045782C22CD618DFA46" box="[1307,1436,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457DA922906552FA2A" author="Watson, J. E." box="[158,323,1472,1498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref71197" refString="Watson, J. E. (2011 a) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 68, 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DF022B464F1F97E" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Evidence for recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457F3122B46695FA0E" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[518,644,1508,1534]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457F3122B46695FA0E" box="[518,644,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457E7322B46067FA0E" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[836,1142,1508,1534]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457E7322B467D5FA0E" box="[836,964,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plumularia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457EFB22B46067FA0E" author="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de" box="[972,1142,1508,1534]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref61088" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome 2. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been made elsewhere on the basis of both morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457F242158668EF9D2" author="Calder, D. R." box="[531,671,1544,1570]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref52566" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and genetics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457E7E21586008F9D2" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[841,1049,1544,1571]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457EAA215967DFF9D2" box="[925,974,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Species currently assigned to the genus are small and often epiphytic, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457FAA217D6709F9B6" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[669,792,1580,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457FAA217D6709F9B6" box="[669,792,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. obliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457E11217D67B8F9B6" baseAuthorityName="Watson" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[806,937,1580,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457E11217D67B8F9B6" box="[806,937,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457E80217D6048F9B6" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[951,1113,1581,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457E80217D6048F9B6" box="[951,1113,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. margaretta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E04579A1217D6515F99A" authority="Gil & Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil & Ramil" authorityYear="2021" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bergstadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E04579A1217D6134F9B6" box="[1174,1317,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. bergstadi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E045781B217C6515F99A" author="Gil, M. & Ramil, F." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="49 - 96" refId="ref57907" refString="Gil, M. & Ramil, F. (2021) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Vema and Valdivia seamounts (SE Atlantic). European Journal of Taxonomy, 758, 49 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.758.1425" type="journal article" year="2021">Gil & Ramil, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are or appear to be substrate generalists (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457FEC21006791F99A" author="Watson, J. E." box="[731,896,1616,1642]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref71197" refString="Watson, J. E. (2011 a) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 68, 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457EBB21006071F99B" author="Gravili, C. & De Vito, D. & Di Camillo, C. G. & Martell, L. & Piraino, S. & Boero, F." box="[908,1120,1616,1643]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref58738" refString="Gravili, C., De Vito, D., Di Camillo, C. G., Martell, L., Piraino, S. & Boero, F. (2015) The non-siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide. Zootaxa, 3908 (1), 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3908.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457ED421016007F99A" box="[995,1046,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Calder 2019;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457830210064C2F97E" author="Gil, M. & Ramil, F." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="49 - 96" refId="ref57907" refString="Gil, M. & Ramil, F. (2021) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Vema and Valdivia seamounts (SE Atlantic). European Journal of Taxonomy, 758, 49 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.758.1425" type="journal article" year="2021">Gil & Ramil, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DF021C86699F926" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DF021C865CAF942" bold="true" box="[199,475,1688,1714]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Palea Point, just outside Hanauma Bay,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D00E045782721C8612FF943" box="[1296,1342,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E045786721C864C5F926" author="Calder, D. R." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457DD721EC64EDF926" bold="true" box="[224,252,1724,1750]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">—</emphasis>
|
||
Maui: Kanaio,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D00E0457C9321EC65CCF927" box="[420,477,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457CDB21EC666DF926" author="Calder, D. R." box="[492,636,1724,1750]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D00E0457DF021B060ACF8B3" blockId="36.[151,1437,968,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Elsewhere.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E0457C7021B065BFF90A" box="[327,430,1760,1786]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457C8C21B0664EF90A" author="Watson, J. E." box="[443,607,1760,1786]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref71197" refString="Watson, J. E. (2011 a) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 68, 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E0457F4621B166A0F90B" box="[625,689,1761,1787]" name="Japan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457F8921B06771F90A" author="Hirohito & The Showa Emperor" box="[702,864,1760,1786]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref59683" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1974) Some hydrozoans of the Bonin Islands. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 55 pp." type="book" year="1974">Hirohito 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457EBF21B06072F90A" box="[904,1123,1760,1786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457EBF21B06072F90A" box="[904,1123,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monotheca flexiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E045794D21B1611EF90A" box="[1146,1295,1760,1787]" name="New Zealand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E045782B21B0653CF8EE" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref70700" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 01918. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457C6E205565F6F8EE" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[345,487,1796,1822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457C6E205565F6F8EE" box="[345,487,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);?
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E0457F3C2054668DF8EE" box="[523,668,1796,1822]" name="South Africa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457F9C20546741F8EF" author="Stechow, E." box="[683,848,1796,1823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="383 - 546" refId="ref69425" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' ' Valdivia' ' 1898 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546" type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457E6A205467E5F8EF" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[861,1012,1796,1823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63991" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457928205560BFF8EE" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1055,1198,1796,1822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457928205560BFF8EE" box="[1055,1198,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);?Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D00E04578002054618DF8EE" box="[1335,1436,1796,1822]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457DA8207865BEF8B3" author="Medel, M. D. & Vervoort, W." box="[159,431,1832,1859]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref62846" refString="Medel, M. D. & Vervoort, W. (1995) Plumularian hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Strait of Gibraltar and nearby areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 300, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1995">Medel & Vervoort 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457CEE20796677F8B2" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[473,614,1832,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457CEE20796677F8B2" box="[473,614,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);?Vema Seamount (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D00E0457E67207867E7F8B2" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[848,1014,1832,1858]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="489 - 496" refId="ref63960" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1966 b) Hydroids of the Vema Seamount. Annals of the South African Museum, 48, 489 - 496." type="journal article" year="1966">Millard 1966b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D00E0457928207960BDF8B2" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1055,1196,1832,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D00E0457928207960BDF8B2" box="[1055,1196,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M. pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |