1711 lines
219 KiB
XML
1711 lines
219 KiB
XML
<document id="B8C0F17CAFCFDDCAAA42B27AE33F86E1" ID-CLB-Dataset="2867" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab060" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da5e14f6-2fe9-4d4c-9678-c2f8ece94317" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799399" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640159024974" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dilman, Anna B., Minin, Kirill V. & Petrov, Nikolay B." docDate="2022" docId="039687A5DD449210356535D7AFC6FBDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab060.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Caymanostella spinimarginata Belyaev 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFAFFFDDDD419201364E3159AD31FFCD" masterDocTitle="New record of the wood-associated sea star Caymanostella, with notes on the phylogenetic position of the family Caymanostellidae (Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="14" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699472948633" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="18E627854F19B483F69AC48EE6A0C8D4">New record of the wood-associated sea star Caymanostella, with notes on the phylogenetic position of the family Caymanostellidae (Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3ACC8CEFD244C716CE37407E5C7AD8F9">Dilman, Anna B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B09385FC6677E670F59202D875BEFA9A">Minin, Kirill V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FD9C6FFFC7ED0EFA9C406E4CBF8B8070">Petrov, Nikolay B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1C7846151D751DCA3926DE016D57D223">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0EBA1D4AAC3FAB4E5B2793608AA9CF62">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AB81CB0AA7AA707DC95A1C01D404BCFE">
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<mods:date id="6EDCEB1B1E7E8BDC84F0CEE2BBA27222">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FC293C07693447A2D49EEAE8ED7B9E87">2021-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5EA1095FE86BA47952338AE451BCEC90">194</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="465B81DBFEE218849326A56B02EBB868" type="CLB-Dataset">2867</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D12CEDD704FCF8B6FF9260026282D010" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab060</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039687A5DD449210356535D7AFC6FBDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799397" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191712194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A5DD449210356535D7AFC6FBDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687A5DD449210356535D7AFC6FBDA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C3256538DD449204356535D7A8BFFB6A" box="[811,1422,1166,1191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD449204356535D7A8BFFB6A" blockId="5.[811,1422,1166,1191]" box="[811,1422,1166,1191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0C881DFDD449204356535D7A8BFFB6A" box="[811,1422,1166,1191]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD449204356535D7A8BFFB6A" ID-CoL="7NS67" authority="BELYAEV, 1974" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[811,1422,1166,1191]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD449204356535D7A9ECFB6B" box="[811,1245,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">CAYMANOSTELLA CF. SPINIMARGINATA</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD44920432AD35D7A8BFFB6A" author="Belyaev GM" box="[1251,1422,1166,1191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" pagination="1502 - 1508" refId="ref12855" refString="Belyaev GM. 1974. A new family of abyssal starfishes. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 53: 1502 - 1508. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1974">BELYAEV, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3256538DD449210356735E7AFC6FBDA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD449204356735E7A921FB1B" blockId="5.[809,1040,1214,1238]" box="[809,1040,1214,1238]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD449204356735E7A921FB1B" box="[809,1040,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD449204356735BFA95EFA79" blockId="5.[809,1425,1254,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
|
||
KuramBio II expedition,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD449204320435BEA95FFB31" box="[1098,1134,1255,1276]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD449204323835BEA98CFB31" box="[1142,1213,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">Sonne</emphasis>
|
||
, cruise SO250, St. 9,
|
||
<date id="FF811073DD449204350D345CAEF1FAD6" box="[835,960,1285,1307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" value="2016-08-19">19.08.2016</date>
|
||
, 43° 48.439’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B5074DD4492043216345CA9DFFAD6" box="[1112,1262,1285,1307]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="47.643" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" precision="1" value="43.79405">43° 47.643’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 151° 44.351’–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B5074DD4492043567347DAED3FAF4" box="[809,994,1316,1338]" degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="44.513" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" precision="1" value="151.74188">151° 44.513’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD449204320A347DA9DFFAF4" box="[1092,1262,1316,1338]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1175" metricValueMax="5.1339999999999995" metricValueMin="5.101" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="5117.5" valueMax="5134.0" valueMin="5101.0">5101–5134 m</quantity>
|
||
, slope of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Three specimens that were collected from sunken wood fragments. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, field ID KB2 121.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD449204356734A1AE84F9C2" blockId="5.[809,949,1528,1551]" box="[809,949,1528,1551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD449204356734A1AE84F9C2" box="[809,949,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD44920435673779A903F97D" blockId="5.[809,1425,1568,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD44920435673779A87AF9F8" box="[809,1355,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD44920435D73779AE82F9F8" bold="true" box="[921,947,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">№</emphasis>
|
||
1 (voucher CsSO250-9-1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD449204329E3779A80DF9FB" box="[1232,1340,1568,1590]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Species of the genus Caymanostella. A, B, C.admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype:A, aboral view; B, oral view. С, D, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype: C, aboral view; D, oral view. E, F, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №1: E, aboral view; F, oral view. C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1: G, aboral view; H, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body subpentagonal, one ray is distinctly longer than the others and bent to the oral side. Colour in life and in alcohol is white.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD44920435A73725AECAF95C" box="[1001,1019,1660,1681]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD44920432573725A91DF95C" box="[1049,1068,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">с.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD449204327D3725A988F95C" box="[1075,1209,1660,1682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="5.3">5.3–6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(the longest ray is
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD449204356737C2AE5AF97D" box="[809,875,1691,1712]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), r =
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD44920435EA37C2AE84F97D" box="[932,949,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD44920435F237C3A91FF97D" box="[956,1070,1690,1712]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.35" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="5.0">5–5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD449207350F37E0A923F8BF" blockId="5.[809,1425,1568,1896]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1442,1823,1906]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Abactinal plates are fan-shaped. They imbricate uniformly towards the centre of the disc. Abactinal plates are similar in size, only five enlarged primary inter-radial plates are distinguishable. One of the primary inter-radial plates bears a simple madreporite, which has the appearance of several branching grooves surrounded by a few nodules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD47920734483646AF6AF8F9" box="[518,603,1823,1845]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[304,1265,196,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-335@7.[303,1266,195,1176]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Madreporites of different species of the genus Caymanostella. A, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype; B, C. admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype; C, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №3; D, C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799406/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Carinal rows are not discernible. At the tip of each arm, there is a terminal plate with a central opening. An unpaired terminal tube foot, possibly a sensory organ, is visible inside three of the five openings. Anal opening is central in position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD47920736ED37D2AF6EF934" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" startId="6.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[190,1416,195,1635]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD47920736ED37D2AF6EF934" blockId="6.[163,1443,1675,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD47920736ED37D2AC38F96D" bold="true" box="[163,265,1675,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD47920737A737D2AFB5F96C" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[489,644,1675,1697]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD47920737A737D2AFB5F96C" box="[489,644,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD479207348D37D2A9AEF96C" authority=", RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234" authorityName="RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St." authorityYear="1234" box="[707,1183,1675,1697]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD479207348D37D2AE63F96C" box="[707,850,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD47920735CD37D2A971F96C" box="[899,1088,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Dmitry Mendeleev</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1234
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype: A, aboral view; B, oral view. С, D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD479207371337F1AE2BF973" authority=", RV Vityaz II, St. 2653" box="[349,794,1704,1726]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD479207371337F1AF1DF973" box="[349,556,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD479207341037F1AF89F973" box="[606,696,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Vityaz II</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 2653
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype: C, aboral view; D, oral view. E, F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD47920732AE37F1AF39F911" authority=", RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267" authorityName="RV Akademik Kurchatov, St." authorityYear="1267" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD47920732AE37F1A8ACF973" box="[1248,1437,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4792073684379FAC97F916" box="[202,422,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Akademik Kurchatov</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1267
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype №1: E, aboral view; F, oral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4792073589379FA855F911" authority=", RV Sonne, St. SO" authorityName="RV Sonne, St. SO" box="[967,1380,1734,1756]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4792073589379FAEEFF916" box="[967,990,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD47920735B1379FA993F916" box="[1023,1186,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD479207329B379FA824F916" box="[1237,1301,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Sonne</emphasis>
|
||
, St. SO
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
250-9, specimen №1: G, aboral view; H, oral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD46920636DF3599AEC4FADC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799406/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" startId="7.[145,225,1216,1238]" targetBox="[304,1265,196,1175]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD46920636DF3599AEC4FADC" blockId="7.[145,1425,1216,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920636DF3599ADCDFB18" bold="true" box="[145,252,1216,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Madreporites of different species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD46920634B73599AEA6FB1B" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[761,919,1216,1238]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920634B73599AEA6FB1B" box="[761,919,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD469206358F3599A8BCFB1B" authority=", RV Vityaz II, St. 2653" box="[961,1421,1216,1238]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD469206358F3599A9A4FB1B" box="[961,1173,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920632843599A816FB1B" box="[1226,1319,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Vityaz II</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 2653
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype; B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD469206375A3584AE32FB3E" authority=", RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234" authorityName="RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St." authorityYear="1234" box="[276,771,1245,1267]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD469206375A3584AC99FB3E" box="[276,424,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920637933584AFACFB3E" box="[477,669,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Dmitry Mendeleev</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1234
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype; C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD46920635DF3584ADF4FADC" authority=", RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267" authorityName="RV Akademik Kurchatov, St." authorityYear="1267" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920635DF3584A963FB3E" box="[913,1106,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920632C93584A856FB3E" box="[1159,1383,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Akademik Kurchatov</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1267
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype №3; D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD46920637CE35A2AE2FFADC" authority=", RV Sonne, St. SO" authorityName="RV Sonne, St. SO" box="[384,798,1275,1297]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920637CE35A2ACA7FADC" box="[384,406,1275,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920637F635A2AF6AFADC" box="[440,603,1275,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD46920634C035A2AFFFFADC" box="[654,718,1275,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Sonne</emphasis>
|
||
, St. SO
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
250-9, specimen №1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD46920636E7346EAC4CF8B8" blockId="7.[145,762,1335,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Marginal plates are arranged in two parallel rows along the body margin, peripheral to the abactinal plates. These plates are narrow and oriented perpendicularly or slightly obliquely to the body margin. There are 11 superomarginal and 11 inferomarginal plates along each side of the arm. The inter-radial-most superomarginal plates (two per inter-radius) are conspicuously larger in size compared with the adjacent superomarginals, and have notches for the gonopores on the upper margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD46920636B23712AC7CF9AD" box="[252,333,1611,1633]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Species of the genus Caymanostella. A, B, C.admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype:A, aboral view; B, oral view. С, D, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype: C, aboral view; D, oral view. E, F, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №1: E, aboral view; F, oral view. C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1: G, aboral view; H, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799404/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). More distally superomarginal plates gradually decrease in size towards the arm tip. Each inferomarginal plate bears on its outer edge two to three elongated fringe spines. These spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD469206342937FEAFC8F971" box="[615,761,1703,1725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.49" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.38">0.38–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and finely serrated. They are slightly compressed laterally, club-shaped in aboral view and dragonfly wingshaped, with an aborally pointing ‘shoulder’, in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD469206369A3678AC2CF8FA" box="[212,285,1825,1847]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
). In total, there are 23–26 inferomarginal fringe spines along each side of the arm, from the interradius to the arm tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD469206350F346EAEA4F9B2" blockId="7.[809,1426,1335,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Abactinal and superomarginal plates, as well as the aboral sides of the inferomarginal plates, are uniformly covered by slightly capitate spinelets that have thorny terminal parts and short bases (hereafter ‘abactinal spinelets’) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD46920635FE34E8A933FA0A" box="[944,1026,1457,1479]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spinelets are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD46920632A234EBA8A1FA0A" box="[1260,1424,1458,1479]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.21" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in size. The largest abactinal spinelets (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD46920632A63489A8BBFA2B" box="[1256,1418,1488,1510]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.355" valueMax="0.36" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
) are found around the terminal plate openings, anus and close to the distal margin of inferomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD469206357C3775AEBDF98C" box="[818,908,1580,1602]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4R</figureCitation>
|
||
). These enlarged abactinal spinelets are more capitate and more thorny than typical abactinal spinelets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD469208350F37D1AC5EFDE1" blockId="7.[809,1426,1335,1909]" lastBlockId="9.[145,761,197,1231]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">
|
||
There are 12 pairs of adambulacral plates in each arm, including the longest arm. With the exception of the first (most proximal) plate, adambulacral plates are elongate and bar-like, extending from the furrow to the inferomarginal plates. The first adambulacral plate is the shortest and borders the actinal chamber, whereas the second plate extends alongside the chamber. The second and third plates are the longest. The subsequent plates decrease in size towards the arm tip. Adambulacral plates and the oral sides of the inferomarginal plates are uniformly covered by tapering, serrate spines. These spines are slightly appressed to the plate surface and point towards the body margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD48920837783007ACA5FEB9" box="[310,404,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Species of the genus Caymanostella. A, B, C.admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype:A, aboral view; B, oral view. С, D, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype: C, aboral view; D, oral view. E, F, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №1: E, aboral view; F, oral view. C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1: G, aboral view; H, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799404/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Figs 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD48920837ED3006ACDAFEB9" box="[419,491,351,372]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">4M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adambulacral plates bear up to 12 spines (three spines on the first, shortest plate). Each plate bears one furrow spine. The second spine is usually placed further from the furrow, and the subsequent spines are arranged across the plate in two alternating rows. Adambulacral spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920836DF334FAC00FDE1" box="[145,305,534,556]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.435" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.37">0.37–0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD49920936ED37D2AEF4F89C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" startId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" targetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD49920936ED37D2AEF4F89C" blockId="8.[163,1443,1675,1873]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD49920936ED37D2AC3DF96D" bold="true" box="[163,268,1675,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD499209373137D2A90FF96C" authority=", RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267" authorityName="RV Akademik Kurchatov, St." authorityYear="1267" box="[383,1086,1675,1697]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD499209373137D2AFF9F96C" box="[383,712,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">Caymanostella spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD49920934B237D2AEEBF96C" box="[764,986,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">Akademik Kurchatov</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1267
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–H), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD49920932F137D2AC53F973" authority=", RV Sonne, St. SO" authorityName="RV Sonne, St. SO" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD49920932F137D2A9E7F96C" box="[1215,1238,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD49920932B737D2A8AFF96C" box="[1273,1438,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD499209368237F1AC3FF973" box="[204,270,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">Sonne</emphasis>
|
||
, St. SO
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD48920836E7336CAC9CFCB0" blockId="9.[145,761,197,1231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Five heart-shaped actinal chambers covered by a thin semitransparent membrane (‘actinal membrane’, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD489208374C332AACB5FD45" author="Rowe FWE" box="[258,388,627,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) occur inter-radially on the oral side, one in each inter-radius. Each actinal chamber is separated into two parts by a septum. Oval gonad lobes (approximately 0.7–1.0 mm long, measured in dried specimen) are visible inside some of the chambers through the actinal membrane. A preliminary histological study of the gonads showed that they contain sperm cells at early developmental stages (A. L. Drozdov, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD48920836E732DFAF8FFB03" blockId="9.[145,761,197,1231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The oral opening is large, slightly distorted, elongated, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208377832FCAC42FC77" box="[310,371,933,955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208379432FCAF1AFC77" box="[474,555,933,955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The stomach was partly everted in freshly caught specimen. Paired oral plates are broader than long, without a median keel. Each plate bears three (rarely two) marginal spines, situated on the oral edge and at the corner, and one suboral spine. All oral spines are similar to adambulacral spines in size but are more robust. Like the adambulacral spines, they are appressed to the plate surface and point towards the body margin. Suckered tube feet are in two rows, 13 pairs along each arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD48920836DF35A1AF59F8F8" blockId="9.[145,762,1272,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD48920836DF35A1AD82FAE1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD489208375635A1AC03FAC0" bold="true" box="[280,306,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">№</emphasis>
|
||
2 (voucher CsSO250-9-2) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD48920834DD35A1AD95FAE1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[163,243,1360,1382]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[163,1443,195,1320]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Caymanostella cf. spinimarginata specimens, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9. A, B, freshly caught specimen №3: A, aboral view; B, oral view. C, D, ethanol fixed specimen №2: C, aboral view; D, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799410/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body is about subpentagonal in shape, compressed laterally and bent in the oral–aboral direction. Colour in life and in alcohol is white.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD489208345F340DAF12FAA4" box="[529,547,1364,1385]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4892083409340DAF69FAA4" box="[583,600,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208342D340AAFC5FAA4" box="[611,756,1363,1385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="7.4" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="5.3">5.3–9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD48920836F5342AADFDFA45" box="[187,204,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208369D342BAC6FFA45" box="[211,350,1394,1416]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The general appearance and plate arrangement are similar to those of specimen №1. Abactinal spinelets are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920837EC34E9AF75FA08" box="[418,580,1456,1477]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. There are 27–30 inferomarginal fringe spines from the interradius to the arm tip. The spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208341C34B4AFC8F9CF" box="[594,761,1517,1539]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, two (three) on each plate. In lateral view, these spines vary in shape from dragonfly wing-shaped to slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD48920837073710ACFEF993" box="[329,463,1609,1631]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Fig. 4J, K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are 13–14 pairs of adambulacral plates in each arm. Each plate bears up to 12 spines that are perpendicular to the plate surface or slightly appressed towards the body margin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920834F437FCADC5F914" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.44" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.35">0.35– 0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4892083772379DACBFF914" box="[316,398,1732,1754]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Fig. 4O</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two (sometimes three) spines closest to the furrow (including the furrow spine) are arranged in a row transversely to the furrow edge, and the others follow in two alternating rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD48920836E73667A85AFF37" blockId="9.[145,762,1272,1907]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1425,197,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Actinal chambers are covered by thin semitransparent membrane through which lobate gonads are visible in some interradii; and in other interradii, globules approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208359F31BDA914FF34" box="[977,1061,228,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter can be observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD489208350F305BA994FE1D" blockId="9.[809,1425,197,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The oral opening is distorted and elongated, and is approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920835BB3078A906FEFB" box="[1013,1079,289,311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Stomach is not everted. Paired oral plates are slightly broader than long, without median keel. Each oral plate bears two to three marginal spines and one or two (rarely three) suboral spines. Suckered tube feet are in two rows, with 14–15 pairs along each arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD489208356730A0A910FD0A" blockId="9.[809,1425,505,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD489208356730A0A87AFDC3" box="[809,1355,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD48920835D730A0AE82FDC3" bold="true" box="[921,947,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">№</emphasis>
|
||
3 (voucher CsSO250-9-3) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD489208329D30A0A80DFDC2" box="[1235,1340,505,527]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[163,243,1360,1382]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[163,1443,195,1320]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Caymanostella cf. spinimarginata specimens, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9. A, B, freshly caught specimen №3: A, aboral view; B, oral view. C, D, ethanol fixed specimen №2: C, aboral view; D, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799410/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body is subpentagonal in shape. It is bent in the oral–aboral direction.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD48920835EF336EAE82FD81" box="[929,947,567,588]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD489208359D336EAED5FD81" box="[979,996,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920835A3336FA94BFD81" box="[1005,1146,566,588]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.699999999999999" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="6.699999999999999" valueMax="8.1" valueMin="5.3">5.3–8.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD48920832FF336EA9F2FD81" box="[1201,1219,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4892083285336FA869FD81" box="[1227,1368,566,588]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.8" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The general appearance is similar to that of specimens №1 and №2. Abactinal spinelets are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920832A6332DA8A1FD44" box="[1256,1424,628,649]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.18" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208352733CBA93FFD65" box="[873,1038,658,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
around terminal openings). Anal opening is not visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD489208350F3396AECBFC50" blockId="9.[809,1425,505,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
There are 25–30 inferomarginal fringe spines from the inter-radius to the arm tip. These spines are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208331D33B7AE4FFCEF" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.43">0.43– 0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, two on each plate. There are 14–15 pairs of adambulacral plates per ray. Each adambulacral plate bears up to 11 spines. Spines of the adambulacral plates are perpendicular to the plate surface and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208356732D1AE8DFC50" box="[809,956,904,925]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.355" valueMax="0.41" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD489208350F32FFA9ECFB7C" blockId="9.[809,1425,505,1201]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Actinalchambersarecoveredbythinsemitransparent membrane through which gonad lobes or oval bodies (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD489208357E32BDAE8AFC34" box="[816,955,996,1017]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in size) are visible. The oral opening is large, circular and approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD48920832E2355BA833FBD5" box="[1196,1282,1026,1048]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Stomach is partly everted. Paired oral plates are slightly broader than long, without median keel. Each oral plate bears two to three (rarely one) marginal and one to three suboral spines. Suckered tube feet are in two rows, 15–16 pairs along each arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD489208356735A8AEA7FAC4" blockId="9.[809,918,1265,1289]" box="[809,918,1265,1289]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD489208356735A8AEA7FAC4" box="[809,918,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD48920835673440A92BF8B8" blockId="9.[809,1426,1305,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Specimens from the KuramBio collection are morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD48920832983461AEEEFAA1" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD48920832983461AEEEFAA1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Caymanostella spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BD0308DD48920835BF340FA979FAA1" box="[1009,1096,1366,1388]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[144,208,431,453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of the main morphological features of all known Caymanostella species based on the original and published data" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4892083219340FA9FBFAA1" box="[1111,1226,1366,1388]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Species of the genus Caymanostella. A, B, C.admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype:A, aboral view; B, oral view. С, D, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype: C, aboral view; D, oral view. E, F, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №1: E, aboral view; F, oral view. C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1: G, aboral view; H, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799404/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In both typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4892083567342CA93CFA46" box="[809,1037,1397,1419]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4892083567342CA93CFA46" box="[809,1037,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Cayman Trench and specimens from the deep-sea North-West Pacific, the abactinal skeleton consists of uniformly imbricating fanlike plates of similar size, among which five slightly larger primary inter-radial plates are distinguishable, one in each inter-radius. The carinal row is not discernible, several radial rows of uniform plates extend towards the tip of the arm. Such abactinal skeleton arrangement is also characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD489208327C3732A98AF9B2" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[1074,1211,1642,1664]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD489208327C3732A98AF9B2" box="[1074,1211,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as seen in fig. 5 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD489208356737D3AE9FF953" author="Rowe FWE" box="[809,942,1673,1695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(although Rowe mentioned the presence of a carinal row).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD489208324337F1A869F970" box="[1037,1368,1704,1725]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD489208324337F1A869F970" box="[1037,1368,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Caymanostella admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4892083567379EA93DF916" box="[809,1036,1734,1756]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4892083567379EA93DF916" box="[809,1036,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD489208329F379EA833F911" box="[1233,1282,1735,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of abactinal plate arrangement. In these two species, abactinal plates are less numerous, polygonal rather than fan-shaped in outline and irregularly imbricating. One distinguishable carinal row of plates extends along the mid-radial line of each arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD48920835D33639A93DF8B8" box="[925,1036,1888,1910]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[190,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Species of the genus Caymanostella. A, B, C.admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype:A, aboral view; B, oral view. С, D, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype: C, aboral view; D, oral view. E, F, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №1: E, aboral view; F, oral view. C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1: G, aboral view; H, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799404/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD4B920B36ED3409A91AFA4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799410/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" startId="10.[163,243,1360,1382]" targetBox="[163,1443,195,1320]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4B920B36ED3409A91AFA4E" blockId="10.[163,1443,1359,1411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B36ED3409AC3FFAA8" bold="true" box="[163,270,1360,1382]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B37543409AFB9FAAB" box="[282,648,1360,1382]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B37543409AC8BFAAB" box="[282,442,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B37AE3409AFB9FAAB" box="[480,648,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B357A3409AE47FAAB" box="[820,886,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Sonne</emphasis>
|
||
, St. SO250-9. A, B, freshly caught specimen №3: A, aboral view; B, oral view. C, D, ethanol fixed specimen №2: C, aboral view; D, oral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4B920B36F534F3AC97F8A1" blockId="10.[163,780,1450,1901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The new specimens are also consistent with the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B36B23490ACE7FA13" box="[252,470,1481,1502]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B36B23490ACE7FA13" box="[252,470,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having gonopores that are placed in notches on the upper margins of the proximal-most superomarginal plates and not piercing as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B36A8377CACBDF9F4" box="[230,396,1572,1594]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B36A8377CACBDF9F4" box="[230,396,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B37F8377CAF78F9F4" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[438,585,1572,1594]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B37F8377CAF78F9F4" box="[438,585,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The position of the gonopores is unknown in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B345C371AAE3AF995" box="[530,779,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B345C371AAE36F995" box="[530,775,1603,1624]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">C. madagascarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4B920B36B7373BAC50F9B5" box="[249,353,1634,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(the only known specimen of this species) gonopores were not detected during current examination, as well as by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4B920B379E37C6AE34F978" author="Belyaev GM & Litvinova NM" box="[464,773,1695,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref12942" refString="Belyaev GM, Litvinova NM. 1991. A new species of Caymanostellidae. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 70: 148 - 151. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1991">Belyaev & Litvinova (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on the small size of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B345237E7AE3BF91E" box="[540,778,1726,1747]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B345237E7AE3BF91E" box="[540,778,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen, the gonopores have likely not yet been developed. Rounded upper margins of the proximalmost superomarginal plates indicate that the gonopores are more likely piercing in adult specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B36F0360EACAEF8A1" box="[190,415,1879,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B36F0360EACAEF8A1" box="[190,415,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4B920B351D34F3A9A1F8E2" blockId="10.[827,1444,1450,1901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B35AA34F3A986FA72" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[996,1207,1450,1471]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B35AA34F3A986FA72" box="[996,1207,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B35753490A936FA13" box="[827,1031,1481,1502]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B35753490A936FA13" box="[827,1031,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in the appearance of the abactinal spinelets, which are slightly capitate and consist of base, short stem and expanded crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4B920B3339375FAE82F9F7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4F–H, P, R</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B3232377DA849F9F7" box="[1148,1400,1572,1594]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B3232377DA813F9F4" box="[1148,1314,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are covered dorsally by granulation, not by spinelets. At high magnification, granules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B32E5373BA87AF9BA" box="[1195,1355,1634,1655]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B32E5373BA87AF9BA" box="[1195,1355,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear as dome-shaped spiky bodies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4B920B32C437D9A9C6F95B" box="[1162,1271,1664,1686]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[145,223,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-177@13.[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Spines of Caymanostella admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234 (A–C), and C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653 (D–F). A, B, abactinal spinelets of the holotype; C, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; D, E, abactinal granules of the holotype; F, inferomarginal spine of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799412/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dome-shaped abactinal granules were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4B920B32A037C6A84DF978" author="Rowe FWE" box="[1262,1404,1695,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B357537E7AEF3F91E" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[827,962,1726,1747]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B357537E7AEF3F91E" box="[827,962,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but were not illustrated in detail. Granules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B35163784A971F93C" box="[856,1088,1756,1778]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B35163784A971F93C" box="[856,1088,1756,1778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
markedly differ from those of other congeners: they are tiny, almost spherical and are pierced with holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4B920B325A3640A9B3F8E2" box="[1044,1154,1817,1839]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[145,223,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-177@13.[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Spines of Caymanostella admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234 (A–C), and C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653 (D–F). A, B, abactinal spinelets of the holotype; C, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; D, E, abactinal granules of the holotype; F, inferomarginal spine of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799412/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4B920C351D3661AF20F8D0" blockId="10.[827,1444,1450,1901]" lastBlockId="13.[145,762,1615,1883]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Inferomarginal fringe spines of the KuramBio II specimens are similar to those of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4B920B32B7360EA892F8A1" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[1273,1443,1879,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4B920B32B7360EA892F8A1" box="[1273,1443,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C37B33709AFDBF9A9" box="[509,746,1615,1637]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C37B33709AFDBF9A9" box="[509,746,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): slightly compressed laterally and more or less wing-shaped in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4C920C37B337D4AF86F96F" box="[509,695,1677,1699]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[190,1415,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spines of Caymanostella spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267 (A–H), and C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9 (I–R). A, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; B, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №3; C, inferomarginal spine of the paratype №7; D, E, adambulacral spines of the holotype; F, abactinal spinelet of the holotype; G, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №3; H, abactinal spinelet of the paratype №7; I, inferomarginal spine of the specimen №1; J–L, inferomarginal spines of the specimen №2; M, N, adambulacral spines of the specimen №1; O, adambulacral spine of the specimen №2; P, abactinal spinelet of the specimen №1; Q, spinelet from the aboral side of inferomarginal plate, specimen №2; R, one of the enlarged abactinal spinelets of the specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799408/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Figs 4A–C, I–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4C920C348637D4AFD8F96E" box="[712,745,1677,1699]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[145,223,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-177@13.[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Spines of Caymanostella admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234 (A–C), and C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653 (D–F). A, B, abactinal spinelets of the holotype; C, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; D, E, abactinal granules of the holotype; F, inferomarginal spine of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C36DF37F2AF2FF90D" box="[145,542,1707,1728]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C36DF37F2AF2FF90D" box="[145,542,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Caymanostella madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fringe spines of a highly specific shape. They are flattened in the aboral–oral direction, crown-shaped at the tips and bear longitudinal ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4C920C37FF365EAF30F8D0" box="[433,513,1799,1821]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[145,223,1496,1518]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-177@13.[145,1425,195,1456]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Spines of Caymanostella admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234 (A–C), and C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653 (D–F). A, B, abactinal spinelets of the holotype; C, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; D, E, abactinal granules of the holotype; F, inferomarginal spine of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08" ID-Table-UUID="DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08" box="[144,1553,431,453]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" startId="11.[144,208,431,453]" targetBox="[144,1842,490,1659]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08" blockId="11.[144,1553,431,453]" box="[144,1553,431,453]" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A36DE30F6ADDBFE08" bold="true" box="[144,234,431,453]" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of the main morphological features of all known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4A920A353A30F6A96EFE08" box="[884,1119,431,453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A353A30F6A93EFE08" box="[884,1039,431,453]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the original and published data
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4A920A36DE30B3AC30F9B6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<table id="F93FC413DD4A6DFE36DE30B3AA03F9B6" box="[144,1842,490,1659]" colsContinueIn="12.[144,1840,733,1217]" gridcols="6" gridrows="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE30B3AA03FDCD" box="[144,1842,490,512]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE30B3AC42FDCD" box="[144,371,490,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A36DE30B3ADDDFDCD" bold="true" box="[144,236,490,512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Feature</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C030B3AFF0FDCD" box="[398,705,490,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4A920A37C030B3AF8CFDCD" authority="Belyaev" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[398,701,490,512]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A37C030B3AF55FDCD" bold="true" box="[398,612,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
Belyaev
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349430B3A937FDCD" box="[730,1030,490,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4A920A349430B3AEE3FDCD" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[730,978,490,512]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A349430B3AEE3FDCD" bold="true" box="[730,978,490,512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A349430B3AFC0FDCD" bold="true" box="[730,753,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A355430B3AEE3FDCD" bold="true" box="[794,978,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C30B3A822FDCD" box="[1074,1299,490,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4A920A327C30B3A9E4FDCD" box="[1074,1237,490,512]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A327C30B3A9E4FDCD" bold="true" box="[1074,1237,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336530B3AB3DFDCD" box="[1323,1548,490,512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4A920A336530B3A8CAFDCD" authority="Rowe" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[1323,1531,490,512]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A336530B3A88AFDCD" bold="true" box="[1323,1467,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
Rowe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B30B3AA03FDCD" box="[1573,1842,490,512]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4A920A306830B3AA3FFDCD" box="[1574,1806,490,512]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4A920A306830B3AA3FFDCD" bold="true" box="[1574,1806,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE335EAA03FDD0" box="[144,1842,519,541]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C0335EAFF0FDD0" box="[398,705,519,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">1974</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3494335EA937FDD0" box="[730,1030,519,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">(KuramBio II, St. SO250-9)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C335EA822FDD0" box="[1074,1299,519,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Belyaev & Litvinova,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365335EAB3DFDD0" box="[1323,1548,519,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">1989</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B335EAA03FDD0" box="[1573,1842,519,541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Belyaev & Litvinova,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE337DAA03FDF7" box="[144,1842,548,570]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C337DA822FDF7" box="[1074,1299,548,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">1977</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B337DAA03FDF7" box="[1573,1842,548,570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4A920A3068337DAB69FDF7" author="Belyaev GM & Litvinova NM" box="[1574,1624,548,570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref12942" refString="Belyaev GM, Litvinova NM. 1991. A new species of Caymanostellidae. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 70: 148 - 151. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3305AA03FDBF" box="[144,1842,604,626]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3305AC42FDBF" box="[144,371,604,626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">R, mm</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03305AFF0FDBF" box="[398,705,604,626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2–5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943305A937FDBF" box="[730,1030,604,626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">5.3–9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3305A822FDBF" box="[1074,1299,604,626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">3.35–4.90</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653305AB3DFDBF" box="[1323,1548,604,626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2.8–10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3305AA03FDBF" box="[1573,1842,604,626]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3323AA03FD5D" box="[144,1842,634,656]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3323AC42FD5D" box="[144,371,634,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">r, mm</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03323AFF0FD5D" box="[398,705,634,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">1.75–4.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943323A937FD5D" box="[730,1030,634,656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">4.5–6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3323A822FD5D" box="[1074,1299,634,656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2.9–4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653323AB3DFD5D" box="[1323,1548,634,656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2.2–8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3323AA03FD5D" box="[1573,1842,634,656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE33C1AA03FD63" box="[144,1842,664,686]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE33C1AC42FD63" box="[144,371,664,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Abactinal plates</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C033C1AFF0FD63" box="[398,705,664,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Uniformly imbricating,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349433C1A937FD63" box="[730,1030,664,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Uniformly imbricating,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C33C1A822FD63" box="[1074,1299,664,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Irregularly</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336533C1AB3DFD63" box="[1323,1548,664,686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Uniformly</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B33C1AA03FD63" box="[1573,1842,664,686]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Irregularly imbricating,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE33ECAA03FD06" box="[144,1842,693,715]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C033ECAFF0FD06" box="[398,705,693,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">fan-shaped, similar in size</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349433ECA937FD06" box="[730,1030,693,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">fan-shaped, similar in size</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C33ECA822FD06" box="[1074,1299,693,715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">imbricating,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336533ECAB3DFD06" box="[1323,1548,693,715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">imbricating,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B33ECAA03FD06" box="[1573,1842,693,715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
polygonal,
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE338BAA03FD25" box="[144,1842,722,744]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C0338BAFF0FD25" box="[398,705,722,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">differentiexcept five enlarged pri-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3494338BA937FD25" box="[730,1030,722,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">except five enlarged pri-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C338BA822FD25" box="[1074,1299,722,744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Pentagonal to</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365338BAB3DFD25" box="[1323,1548,722,744]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">fan-shaped, similar</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B338BAA03FD25" box="[1573,1842,722,744]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">ated in size</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE33A9AA03FCCB" box="[144,1842,752,774]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C033A9AFF0FCCB" box="[398,705,752,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">mary inter-radial plates</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349433A9A937FCCB" box="[730,1030,752,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">mary inter-radial plates</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C33A9A822FCCB" box="[1074,1299,752,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">heptagonal,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336533A9AB3DFCCB" box="[1323,1548,752,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">in size except five</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3254AA03FCEE" box="[144,1842,781,803]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3254AB3DFCEE" box="[1074,1548,781,803]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">differentiated in size enlarged primary</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3273AA03FC8D" box="[144,1842,810,832]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653273AB3DFC8D" box="[1323,1548,810,832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">inter-radial plates</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3211AA03FC93" box="[144,1842,840,862]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3211AC42FC93" box="[144,371,840,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Carinal row</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03211AFF0FC93" box="[398,705,840,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Not discernible</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943211A937FC93" box="[730,1030,840,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Not discernible</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3211A822FC93" box="[1074,1299,840,862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Discernible</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653211AB3DFC93" box="[1323,1548,840,862]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">More or less</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3211AA03FC93" box="[1573,1842,840,862]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Discernible</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE323CAA03FCB1" box="[144,1842,869,892]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365323CAB3DFCB1" box="[1323,1548,869,892]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">discernible (1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE32DDAA03FC57" box="[144,1842,900,922]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE32DDAC42FC57" box="[144,371,900,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Madreporite shape</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C032DDAFF0FC57" box="[398,705,900,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Slit-like opening</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349432DDA937FC57" box="[730,1030,900,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Several branching grooves,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C32DDA822FC57" box="[1074,1299,900,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Small knobble</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336532DDAB3DFC57" box="[1323,1548,900,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Not described</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B32DDAA03FC57" box="[1573,1842,900,922]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Slit-like opening</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE32F8AA03FC7A" box="[144,1842,929,951]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349432F8A937FC7A" box="[730,1030,929,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">surrounded by a few</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C32F8A822FC7A" box="[1074,1299,929,951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">pierced with pore</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE32E7AA03FC19" box="[144,1842,958,980]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349432E7A937FC19" box="[730,1030,958,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">nodules</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3285AA03FC3F" box="[144,1842,988,1010]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3285AC42FC3F" box="[144,371,988,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Gonopores position</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03285AFF0FC3F" box="[398,705,988,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">In notches on upper</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943285A937FC3F" box="[730,1030,988,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">In notches on upper mar-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3285A822FC3F" box="[1074,1299,988,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Piercing two</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653285AB3DFC3F" box="[1323,1548,988,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Piercing two</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3285AA03FC3F" box="[1573,1842,988,1010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Not visible</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE32A3AA03FBDD" box="[144,1842,1018,1040]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C032A3AFF0FBDD" box="[398,705,1018,1040]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">margins of two proximal-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349432A3A937FBDD" box="[730,1030,1018,1040]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">gins of two proximal-most</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C32A3A822FBDD" box="[1074,1299,1018,1040]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">proximal-most</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336532A3AB3DFBDD" box="[1323,1548,1018,1040]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">proximal-most</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE354EAA03FBE0" box="[144,1842,1047,1069]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C0354EAFF0FBE0" box="[398,705,1047,1069]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">most superomarginal</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3494354EA937FBE0" box="[730,1030,1047,1069]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">superomarginal plates</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C354EA822FBE0" box="[1074,1299,1047,1069]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">superomarginal</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365354EAB3DFBE0" box="[1323,1548,1047,1069]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">superomarginal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE356DAA03FB87" box="[144,1842,1076,1098]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C0356DAFF0FB87" box="[398,705,1076,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">plates</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C356DA822FB87" box="[1074,1299,1076,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">plates</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365356DAB3DFB87" box="[1323,1548,1076,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">plates</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE350BAA03FBA5" box="[144,1842,1106,1128]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE350BAC42FBA5" box="[144,371,1106,1128]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Abactinal spination/</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C0350BAFF0FBA5" box="[398,705,1106,1128]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Slightly capitate spinelets</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3494350BA937FBA5" box="[730,1030,1106,1128]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Slightly capitate spinelets</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C350BA822FBA5" box="[1074,1299,1106,1128]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Dome-shaped gran-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365350BAB3DFBA5" box="[1323,1548,1106,1128]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Dome-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B350BAA03FBA5" box="[1573,1842,1106,1128]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Small, rounded granules</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3529AA03FB4B" box="[144,1842,1136,1158]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3529AC42FB4B" box="[144,371,1136,1158]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">granulation</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3529A822FB4B" box="[1074,1299,1136,1158]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">ules</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653529AB3DFB4B" box="[1323,1548,1136,1158]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">granules</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3529AA03FB4B" box="[1573,1842,1136,1158]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">pierced with several</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE35D4AA03FB6E" box="[144,1842,1165,1187]" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B35D4AA03FB6E" box="[1573,1842,1165,1187]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">holes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE35F2AA03FB0C" box="[144,1842,1195,1217]" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE35F2AC42FB0C" box="[144,371,1195,1217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Shape of spinelets,</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C035F2AFF0FB0C" box="[398,705,1195,1217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Slightly enlarged abactinal</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE349435F2A937FB0C" box="[730,1030,1195,1217]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Enlarged abactinal spinelets</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C35F2A822FB0C" box="[1074,1299,1195,1217]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">No spinelets pre-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE336535F2AB3DFB0C" box="[1323,1548,1195,1217]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">No data</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B35F2AA03FB0C" box="[1573,1842,1195,1217]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Similar to inferomarginal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3591AA03FB13" box="[144,1842,1224,1246]" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3591AC42FB13" box="[144,371,1224,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">surrounding the</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03591AFF0FB13" box="[398,705,1224,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">spinelets (when preserved)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3591A822FB13" box="[1074,1299,1224,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">served</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3591AA03FB13" box="[1573,1842,1224,1246]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">spines</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE35BFAA03FB31" box="[144,1842,1254,1276]" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE35BFAA03FB31" box="[144,1842,1254,1276]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">terminal opening</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE345DAA03FAD7" box="[144,1842,1284,1306]" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE345DAC42FAD7" box="[144,371,1284,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Inferomarginal fringe</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C0345DAFF0FAD7" box="[398,705,1284,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Elongated, slightly com-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3494345DA937FAD7" box="[730,1030,1284,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Elongated, slightly com-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C345DA822FAD7" box="[1074,1299,1284,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Elongated, slightly</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE3365345DAB3DFAD7" box="[1323,1548,1284,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Elongated, club-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B345DAA03FAD7" box="[1573,1842,1284,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Elongated, expanded</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3478AA03FAFA" box="[144,1842,1313,1335]" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3478AC42FAFA" box="[144,371,1313,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03478AFF0FAFA" box="[398,705,1313,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">pressed from the sides.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943478A937FAFA" box="[730,1030,1313,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">pressed from the sides.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3478A822FAFA" box="[1074,1299,1313,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">compressed from</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653478AB3DFAFA" box="[1323,1548,1313,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">shaped in aboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3478AA03FAFA" box="[1573,1842,1313,1335]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">towards the serrated</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3467AA03FA99" box="[144,1842,1342,1364]" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03467AFF0FA99" box="[398,705,1342,1364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Сlub-shaped in aboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943467A937FA99" box="[730,1030,1342,1364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Сlub-shaped in aboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3467A822FA99" box="[1074,1299,1342,1364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">the sides. Сlub-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653467AB3DFA99" box="[1323,1548,1342,1364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">view</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3467AA03FA99" box="[1573,1842,1342,1364]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">tips in aboral view;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3405AA03FABF" box="[144,1842,1372,1394]" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03405AFF0FABF" box="[398,705,1372,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">view; dragonfly-wing-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943405A937FABF" box="[730,1030,1372,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">view; dragonfly-wing-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3405A822FABF" box="[1074,1299,1372,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">shaped in aboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3405AA03FABF" box="[1573,1842,1372,1394]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
compressed in
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3420AA03FA42" box="[144,1842,1401,1423]" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03420AFF0FA42" box="[398,705,1401,1423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">aboralshaped in lateral view</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943420A937FA42" box="[730,1030,1401,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">shaped in lateral view</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3420A822FA42" box="[1074,1299,1401,1423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">view; dragonfly-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3420AA03FA42" box="[1573,1842,1401,1423]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">oral direction</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE34CFAA03FA61" box="[144,1842,1430,1452]" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C34CFA822FA61" box="[1074,1299,1430,1452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
wing-shaped in
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE34EDAA03FA07" box="[144,1842,1460,1482]" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C34EDA822FA07" box="[1074,1299,1460,1482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">lateral view</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3488AA03FA25" box="[144,1842,1489,1512]" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3488AC42FA25" box="[144,371,1489,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Number of fringe</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03488AFF0FA25" box="[398,705,1489,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2 (3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943488A937FA25" box="[730,1030,1489,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3488A822FA25" box="[1074,1299,1489,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">1–2 (3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653488AB3DFA25" box="[1323,1548,1489,1512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3488AA03FA25" box="[1573,1842,1489,1512]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">1–3 (2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE34B6AA03F9C8" box="[144,1842,1519,1541]" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE34B6AA03F9C8" box="[144,1842,1519,1541]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">spines per</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3755AA03F9EF" box="[144,1842,1548,1570]" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3755AA03F9EF" box="[144,1842,1548,1570]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">inferomarginal plate</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3773AA03F98C" box="[144,1842,1578,1601]" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3773AC42F98C" box="[144,371,1578,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">Number of</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE37C03773AFF0F98C" box="[398,705,1578,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">9–11</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE34943773A937F98C" box="[730,1030,1578,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">12–15</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE327C3773A822F98C" box="[1074,1299,1578,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">7–10</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE33653773AB3DF98C" box="[1323,1548,1578,1601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">8–13 (3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE306B3773AA03F98C" box="[1573,1842,1578,1601]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">7 (4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE3711AA03F993" box="[144,1842,1608,1630]" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE3711AA03F993" box="[144,1842,1608,1630]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">adambulacral plates</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4A6DFE36DE373CAA03F9B6" box="[144,1842,1637,1659]" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4A6DFE36DE373CAA03F9B6" box="[144,1842,1637,1659]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="25">(per ray)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD4D920D36DE33F5AC52FD0F" box="[144,355,684,706]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" startId="12.[144,208,684,706]" targetBox="[144,1840,733,1217]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE33F5AC52FD0F" blockId="12.[144,355,684,706]" box="[144,355,684,706]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D36DE33F5ADDBFD0F" bold="true" box="[144,234,684,706]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Continued
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE3384A893FB0C" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<table id="F93FC413DD4D6DFE36DE3384AA01FB0C" box="[144,1840,733,1217]" colsContinueFrom="11.[144,1842,490,1659]" gridcols="6" gridrows="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE3384AA01FD3E" box="[144,1840,733,755]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE3384AC43FD3E" box="[144,370,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D36DE3384ADDDFD3E" bold="true" box="[144,236,733,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Feature</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C03384AFF0FD3E" box="[398,705,733,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4D920D37C03384AF8CFD3E" authority="Belyaev" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[398,701,733,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D37C03384AF55FD3E" bold="true" box="[398,612,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
Belyaev
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE34943384AEC6FD3E" box="[730,1015,733,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4D920D34943384AEE3FD3E" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[730,978,733,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D34943384AEE3FD3E" bold="true" box="[730,978,733,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D34943384AFC0FD3E" bold="true" box="[730,753,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D35543384AEE3FD3E" bold="true" box="[794,978,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C3384A83FFD3E" box="[1074,1294,733,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4D920D327C3384A9E4FD3E" box="[1074,1237,733,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D327C3384A9E4FD3E" bold="true" box="[1074,1237,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE33653384AB37FD3E" box="[1323,1542,733,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4D920D33653384A8CAFD3E" authority="Rowe" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[1323,1531,733,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D33653384A88AFD3E" bold="true" box="[1323,1467,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
Rowe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B3384AA01FD3E" box="[1573,1840,733,755]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4D920D30683384AA3FFD3E" box="[1574,1806,733,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4D920D30683384AA3FFD3E" bold="true" box="[1574,1806,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE33A3AA01FCDD" box="[144,1840,762,784]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C033A3AFF0FCDD" box="[398,705,762,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1974</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE349433A3AEC6FCDD" box="[730,1015,762,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(KuramBio II, St. SO250-9)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C33A3A83FFCDD" box="[1074,1294,762,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Belyaev & Litvinova,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336533A3AB37FCDD" box="[1323,1542,762,784]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1989</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B33A3AA01FCDD" box="[1573,1840,762,784]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Belyaev & Litvinova,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE324EAA01FCE0" box="[144,1840,791,813]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C324EA83FFCE0" box="[1074,1294,791,813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1977</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B324EAA01FCE0" box="[1573,1840,791,813]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D3068324EAB69FCE0" author="Belyaev GM & Litvinova NM" box="[1574,1624,791,813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref12942" refString="Belyaev GM, Litvinova NM. 1991. A new species of Caymanostellidae. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 70: 148 - 151. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE3210AA01FC92" box="[144,1840,841,863]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE3210AC43FC92" box="[144,370,841,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Number of spines per</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C03210AFF0FC92" box="[398,705,841,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1 furrow + up to 4–9 on oral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE34943210AEC6FC92" box="[730,1015,841,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1 furrow + up to 11 on oral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C3210A83FFC92" box="[1074,1294,841,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1 furrow + up to 3 on</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE33653210AB37FC92" box="[1323,1542,841,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1–2 furrow + up to</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B3210AA01FC92" box="[1573,1840,841,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1 furrow + up to 4 on oral</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE323EAA01FCB0" box="[144,1840,871,893]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE323EAC43FCB0" box="[144,370,871,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">adambulacral plate</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C0323EAFF0FCB0" box="[398,705,871,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">surface (depending on spe-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE3494323EAEC6FCB0" box="[730,1015,871,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">surface</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C323EA83FFCB0" box="[1074,1294,871,893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">oral surface</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE3365323EAB37FCB0" box="[1323,1542,871,893]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">10–12 on oral sur-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B323EAA01FCB0" box="[1573,1840,871,893]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">surface</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE32DAAA01FC57" box="[144,1840,899,922]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C032DAAFF0FC57" box="[398,705,899,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">cimen size) (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336532DAAB37FC57" box="[1323,1542,899,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">face</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE32FBAA01FC75" box="[144,1840,930,952]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE32FBAC43FC75" box="[144,370,930,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Shape of actinal</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C032FBAFF0FC75" box="[398,705,930,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Heart-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE349432FBAEC6FC75" box="[730,1015,930,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Heart-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C32FBA83FFC75" box="[1074,1294,930,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Heart-shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336532FBAB37FC75" box="[1323,1542,930,952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">More or less</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B32FBAA01FC75" box="[1573,1840,930,952]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Oval</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE32E6AA01FC18" box="[144,1840,959,981]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE32E6AC43FC18" box="[144,370,959,981]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">chambers</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336532E6AB37FC18" box="[1323,1542,959,981]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">triangular</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE3284AA01FC3E" box="[144,1840,989,1011]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE3284AC43FC3E" box="[144,370,989,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Number of oral plate</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C03284AFF0FC3E" box="[398,705,989,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">2–3 (1) marginal and 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE34943284AEC6FC3E" box="[730,1015,989,1011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">2–3 marginal and 1–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C3284A83FFC3E" box="[1074,1294,989,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">2–3 marginal and 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE33653284AB37FC3E" box="[1323,1542,989,1011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">3–4 (5) marginal</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B3284AA01FC3E" box="[1573,1840,989,1011]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">2 marginal and 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE32A3AA01FBDC" box="[144,1840,1018,1041]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE32A3AC43FBDC" box="[144,370,1018,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C032A3AFF0FBDC" box="[398,705,1018,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">suboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE349432A3AEC6FBDC" box="[730,1015,1018,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">suboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C32A3A83FFBDC" box="[1074,1294,1018,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">suboral</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336532A3AB37FBDC" box="[1323,1542,1018,1041]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">spines and 2–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B32A3AA01FBDC" box="[1573,1840,1018,1041]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">suboral (6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE3541AA01FBE3" box="[144,1840,1048,1070]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE33653541AB37FBE3" box="[1323,1542,1048,1070]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">suboral</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE356FAA01FB81" box="[144,1840,1078,1100]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE36DE356FAC43FB81" box="[144,370,1078,1100]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Distribution</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE37C0356FAFF0FB81" box="[398,705,1078,1100]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Carribean Sea, 2475–6780 m</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE3494356FAEC6FB81" box="[730,1015,1078,1100]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Kuril-Kamchatka Trench</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C356FA83FFB81" box="[1074,1294,1078,1100]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Coral and Timor</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE3365356FAB37FB81" box="[1323,1542,1078,1100]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Tasman Sea, 736–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B356FAA01FB81" box="[1573,1840,1078,1100]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Off west coast of M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE350AAA01FBA4" box="[144,1840,1107,1129]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE3494350AAEC6FBA4" box="[730,1015,1107,1129]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">area, 5101–5134 m</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C350AA83FFBA4" box="[1074,1294,1107,1129]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Seas, Celebes Sea,</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE3365350AAB37FBA4" box="[1323,1542,1107,1129]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">1208 m; Celebes</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B350AAA01FBA4" box="[1573,1840,1107,1129]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">adagascar, 1250–1500</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE3528AA01FB4A" box="[144,1840,1137,1159]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE327C3528A83FFB4A" box="[1074,1294,1137,1159]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">520–5220 m</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE33653528AB37FB4A" box="[1323,1542,1137,1159]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Sea, 2053 m (ques-</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE306B3528AA01FB4A" box="[1573,1840,1137,1159]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE35D7AA01FB69" box="[144,1840,1166,1188]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336535D7AB37FB69" box="[1323,1542,1166,1188]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">tionable</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4D6DFE36DE35F2AA01FB0C" box="[144,1840,1195,1217]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4D6DFE336535F2AB37FB0C" box="[1323,1542,1195,1217]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">record (7))</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="76D9373DDD4D920D36DE35B3AFCFFAB1" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[144,1840,733,1217]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE35B3A8F3FB31" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,1474,1258,1276]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE35B3ADACFB38" attach="right" box="[144,157,1258,1269]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(1)</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D36D335B3AC36FB31" author="Rowe FWE" box="[157,263,1258,1276]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the presence of carinal row in abactinal skeleton description, but according to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4D920D35AF35B3A920FB31" box="[993,1041,1258,1276]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[163,243,1360,1382]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[163,1443,195,1320]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Caymanostella cf. spinimarginata specimens, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9. A, B, freshly caught specimen №3: A, aboral view; B, oral view. C, D, ethanol fixed specimen №2: C, aboral view; D, oral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799410/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D320A35B3A99FFB31" author="Rowe FWE" box="[1092,1198,1258,1276]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the row is not clear discernible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE35A6AE76FADF" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,839,1279,1298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE35A6ADAFFAC7" attach="none" box="[144,158,1279,1290]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(2)</superScript>
|
||
1–3 spines in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D375A3459AF20FADF" author="Belyaev GM & Litvinova NM" box="[276,529,1280,1298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref12942" refString="Belyaev GM, Litvinova NM. 1991. A new species of Caymanostellidae. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 70: 148 - 151. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1991">Belyaev and Litvinova (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4D920D34543459AF61FADF" box="[538,592,1280,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
the present re-examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE344DAE33FAEA" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,770,1300,1319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE344DADACFAD2" attach="right" box="[144,157,1300,1311]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(3)</superScript>
|
||
The numbers are based on the numbers of tubefeet pairs per ray: 9–14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE3473AE2FFAF1" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,798,1322,1340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE3473ADAFFAF8" attach="none" box="[144,158,1322,1333]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(4)</superScript>
|
||
7 spines in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D36B13473ACCDFAF1" author="Belyaev GM & Litvinova NM" box="[255,508,1322,1340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref12942" refString="Belyaev GM, Litvinova NM. 1991. A new species of Caymanostellidae. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 70: 148 - 151. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1991">Belyaev and Litvinova (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4D920D34483473AF17FAF1" box="[518,550,1322,1340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
the present re-examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE3466AF75FA9F" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,580,1343,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE3466ADACFA87" attach="none" box="[144,157,1343,1354]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(5)</superScript>
|
||
1 furrow + up 10 on actinal surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D37983419AF09FA9F" author="Rowe FWE" box="[470,568,1344,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE340DAE7CFAAA" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,845,1364,1383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE340DADACFA92" attach="right" box="[144,157,1364,1375]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(6)</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D36D3340CACABFAAA" author="Belyaev GM & Litvinova NM" box="[157,410,1365,1383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref12942" refString="Belyaev GM, Litvinova NM. 1991. A new species of Caymanostellidae. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal 70: 148 - 151. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1991">Belyaev and Litvinova (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only noted one spine on aboral edge of oral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4D920D36DE3433AFCFFAB1" blockId="12.[144,1474,1258,1404]" box="[144,766,1386,1404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A9BFBDD4D920D36DE3433ADACFAB8" attach="right" box="[144,157,1386,1397]" fontSize="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="26">(7)</superScript>
|
||
Record based on questionable determination according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4D920D34C13433AFC8FAB1" author="Rowe FWE" box="[655,761,1386,1404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD4C920C36DF3481AFE3F9E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" startId="13.[145,223,1496,1518]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,1456]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4C920C36DF3481AFE3F9E4" blockId="13.[145,1425,1496,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C36DF3481ADC8FA20" bold="true" box="[145,249,1496,1518]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C37273481AEE3FA23" authority=", RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234" authorityName="RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St." authorityYear="1234" box="[361,978,1496,1518]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C37273481AFB0FA23" box="[361,641,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Caymanostella admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C34FA3481AE43FA23" box="[692,882,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Dmitry Mendeleev</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1234
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–C), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C32003481AC32F9C1" authority=", RV Vityaz II, St. 2653" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C32003481A82CFA23" box="[1102,1309,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C331E3481AD92F9C6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Vityaz II</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 2653
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D–F). A, B, abactinal spinelets of the holotype; C, inferomarginal spine of the holotype; D, E, abactinal granules of the holotype; F, inferomarginal spine of the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4C920F36E7367FAFEBFDC3" blockId="13.[145,762,1615,1883]" lastBlockId="14.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The appearance of the adambulacral plates and spines in the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C372F361CAF3AF897" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[353,523,1861,1882]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C372F361CAF3AF897" box="[353,523,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens is typical for all species of the genus. However, the maximum number of spines per adambulacral plate differs among species and among specimens of different sizes. New
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C356737F2AEE3F90D" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[809,978,1707,1728]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C356737F2AEE3F90D" box="[809,978,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C328A37F5A8A0F90C" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[1220,1425,1708,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C328A37F5A8A0F90C" box="[1220,1425,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C352F3793AECBF912" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[865,1018,1738,1759]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C352F3793AECBF912" box="[865,1018,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bear ten or more spines on the longest plates in the largest specimens, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C35053651AEC8F8D1" box="[843,1017,1799,1821]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C35053651AEC8F8D1" box="[843,1017,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4C920C32733651A80CF8D1" box="[1085,1341,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4C920C32733651A809F8D1" box="[1085,1336,1799,1821]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">C. madagascarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which bear a maximum of four and five spines, respectively (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BD0308DD4C920C357C361DAEA1F897" box="[818,912,1860,1882]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[144,208,431,453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of the main morphological features of all known Caymanostella species based on the original and published data" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="DF40663BDD4A920A36DE30F6AB20FE08">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The low number of spines recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F36ED319FACA0FF17" box="[163,401,197,219]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F36ED319FACA0FF17" box="[163,401,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the only known specimen has
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F36ED31BDAD84FF34" box="[163,181,228,249]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4F920F369A31BDAC1CFF34" box="[212,301,228,250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is probably related to its small size. By comparison, a similarly small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F3469305AAE3AFED5" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[551,779,259,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F3469305AAE3AFED5" box="[551,779,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F37653078ACADFEFB" box="[299,412,289,310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
№2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F37AA307BACC7FEFA" box="[484,502,290,311]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4F920F34533078AF83FEFA" box="[541,690,289,311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) has a maximum of five spines per plate. In contrast, the low number of adambulacral spines recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F36ED3024AC70FE5F" box="[163,321,381,402]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F36ED3024AC70FE5F" box="[163,321,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be explained by size differences. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F369730C5AC0FFE7F" box="[217,318,412,434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F372830C5AF3DFE7C" box="[358,524,412,433]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F372830C5AF3DFE7C" box="[358,524,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F345230C5AF1EFE7C" box="[540,559,412,433]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4F920F341F30C5AF8BFE7C" box="[593,698,412,434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.35">3.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
) has a maximum of four spines per adambulacral plate, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F37443080ACEAFE22" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[266,475,473,495]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F37443080ACEAFE22" box="[266,475,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen of a similar size (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F36E430A1AC3CFDC3" box="[170,269,504,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F375630A1AC1BFDC0" box="[280,298,504,525]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B56DD4F920F370930A1ACFCFDC0" box="[327,461,504,526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.6" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.5">3.5–3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) has up to eight spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4F920F36F5334FACD2FC17" blockId="14.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Despite their morphological similarity, KuramBio II specimens show some differences from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F36ED330DAC4EFDA4" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[163,383,596,617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F36ED330DAC4EFDA4" box="[163,383,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: larger body size, more complex madreporite, larger size of the inferomarginal fringe spines and adambulacral spines (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BD0308DD4F920F346B33C8AF4BFD6A" box="[549,634,657,679]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="15.[144,208,726,748]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 5. Measurements of spines and spinelets of eight C. spinimarginata type specimens and three C. cf. spinimarginata specimens from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Specimens are arranged in order of increase in body size. R, radius, r, inter-radius, absp, abactinal spinelets (typical ones), infs, inferomarginal fringe spines, ads, spines of adambulacral plates. For absp, infs and ads, mean ± SD, range (in paretheses) and number of measured spines/spinelets (in square brackets) are given" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD4E920E36DE338FADC0FC89" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="DF40663BDD4E920E36DE338FADC0FC89">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The size of typical (not enlarged) abactinal spinelets is also larger. Most likely, the differences in the size of the adambulacral and marginal fringe spines are related to the size of the specimens. Among eight
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F37B63255AFE9FCEC" box="[504,728,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata-</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F34963255AE3BFCEC" box="[728,778,780,801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, larger ones are characterized by larger inferomarginal and adambulacral spines. At the same time, abactinal spinelets are nearly equal in length in all
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39FD3ADD4F920F36A832DFAC91FC51" box="[230,416,902,924]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. Therefore, the larger abactinal spinelets of the KuramBio II specimens are unlikely to reflect their larger body size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4F920F36F532BBAED3FD6A" blockId="14.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="14.[827,1443,197,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The madreporite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F37F432BBAF40FC3A" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[442,625,994,1015]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F37F432BBAF40FC3A" box="[442,625,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not yet been described in detail.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4F920F37843558AF6BFBDA" author="Rowe FWE" box="[458,602,1025,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref14303" refString="Rowe FWE. 1989. A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 111: 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only noted the presence of the madreporite in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F34463579AFE9FBF8" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[520,728,1056,1077]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F34463579AFE9FBF8" box="[520,728,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F36ED3566AC07FB9E" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[163,310,1086,1108]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F36ED3566AC07FB9E" box="[163,310,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without providing any further details. However, heindicatedthatthefamilyCaymanostellidae is characterized by a ‘small but typical madreporite’ in contrast to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4F920F376E35C3ACF3FB7D" author="Smith AB" box="[288,450,1178,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref14557" refString="Smith AB. 1988. To group or not to group: the taxonomic position of Xyloplax. In: Burke R, ed. Echinoderms: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference, Victoria, 23 - 28 th August, 1987. Rotterdam: Balkema, 17 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1988">Smith’s (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
opinion that the madreporite in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F368A35E0AC47FB03" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[196,374,1209,1230]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F368A35E0AC47FB03" box="[196,374,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a simple pore (from:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4F920F348335E0AC33FB23" author="Gale AS" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref13350" refString="Gale AS. 2011. The phylogeny of post-Paleozoic Asteroidea (Neoasteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale, 2011: 76</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Examination of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F37A93581AFA1FB20" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[487,656,1240,1261]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F37A93581AFA1FB20" box="[487,656,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens at our disposal shows the presence of a more or less simple madreporite that differs in shape among different species and specimens of different sizes. In each case, the madreporite was located on one of the primary inter-radial plates. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F34523428AFF2FA4B" box="[540,707,1393,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F34523428AFF2FA4B" box="[540,707,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F36ED34C9AC38FA6B" box="[163,265,1424,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F370934C9AC83FA68" box="[327,434,1424,1445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined), the madreporite has the appearance of a small knob pierced with a pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4F920F36A83494AC08FA2F" box="[230,313,1485,1507]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[304,1265,196,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-335@7.[303,1266,195,1176]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Madreporites of different species of the genus Caymanostella. A, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype; B, C. admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype; C, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №3; D, C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799406/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The madreporite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F34793494AE3AFA2E" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[567,779,1485,1507]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F34793494AE3AFA2E" box="[567,779,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(examined in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F370A34B5AC9DF9CC" box="[324,428,1516,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
№3) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F346C34B5AE3BF9CC" box="[546,778,1516,1537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F346C34B5AE3BF9CC" box="[546,778,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(examined in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848811DD4F920F37093753AC9CF9ED" box="[327,429,1546,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) has an appearance of a slitlike opening oriented perpendicular to the body margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4F920F37473711AC4EF990" box="[265,383,1608,1630]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[304,1265,196,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-335@7.[303,1266,195,1176]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Madreporites of different species of the genus Caymanostella. A, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype; B, C. admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype; C, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №3; D, C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799406/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The KuramBio II specimen №1 has a more complex madreporite shaped as several branching grooves, surrounded by a few nodules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4F920F34AE37DCADF5F974" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[304,1265,196,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-335@7.[303,1266,195,1176]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Madreporites of different species of the genus Caymanostella. A, C. madagascarensis, RV Vityaz II, St. 2653, holotype; B, C. admiranda, RV Dmitry Mendeleev, St. 1234, holotype; C, C. spinimarginata, RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267, paratype №3; D, C. cf. spinimarginata, RV Sonne, St. SO250-9, specimen №1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799406/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In other examined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F37FD37FDAF6DF974" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[435,604,1700,1721]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F37FD37FDAF6DF974" box="[435,604,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, the madreporite was not visible because of the dense cover of abactinal spinelets or a distorted body shape. The observed difference in the madreporite appearance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F37403646ACD8F8F9" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[270,489,1823,1844]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F37403646ACD8F8F9" box="[270,489,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the new specimens can be explained by age variability. In the smaller
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F36ED3605AC42F8BC" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[163,371,1884,1905]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F36ED3605AC42F8BC" box="[163,371,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen, the madreporite is at its early stage of development, whereas the KuramBio II specimen №1, due to its larger size, demonstrates the later stage. A similar pattern of madreporite development, from slit-like early madreporite to more complex and comprising several grooves, was described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F359D3007AE4DFE5F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F359D3007A9B3FEBE" box="[979,1154,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Asterias rubens</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B42DD4F920F330B3007AE43FE5F" author="Gondolf AL" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" pagination="51 - 59" refId="ref13376" refString="Gondolf AL. 2002. The aboral surface of Asterias rubens L. (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) during metamorphosis with particular reference to the hydropore and madreporite. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 42: 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="2002">Gondolf, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on Rowe’s opinion (1989), and the present study, it can be suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F328D30C5A892FE7C" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[1219,1443,412,433]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F328D30C5A892FE7C" box="[1219,1443,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the new material),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F32FE30E3A893FE02" box="[1200,1442,442,463]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F32FE30E3A893FE02" box="[1200,1442,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F35203080AECDFE23" authorityName="Rowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[878,1020,473,494]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phorcynis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F35203080AECDFE23" box="[878,1020,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. phorcynis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have slit-like madreporites in small specimens and typical but simplified madreporites in large specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F3245334FA87DFDE6" box="[1035,1356,534,555]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F3245334FA87DFDE6" box="[1035,1356,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Caymanostella admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs significantly from congeners in this character. Smith and Rowe possibly described madreporites from different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F35E9332BA99AFD45" box="[935,1195,626,648]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F35E9332BA963FD4A" box="[935,1106,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or from specimens of different sizes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4F920F351D33F6A9EFFC92" blockId="14.[827,1443,197,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The analysis performed above shows that the new specimens most likely represent morphological variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F358D33B4A9A1FCCF" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[963,1168,749,770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F358D33B4A9A1FCCF" box="[963,1168,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are thus considered here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F35DC3255A94EFCEC" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[914,1151,779,801]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F35DC3255AE9BFCEC" box="[914,938,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F35803255A94EFCEC" box="[974,1151,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, molecular data on typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F35F43273A9A2FC8D" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[954,1171,810,832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F35F43273A9A2FC8D" box="[954,1171,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are needed to confirm that they belong to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4F920F35DD32C2A87BFC7E" blockId="14.[915,1354,923,948]" box="[915,1354,923,948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4F920F3575329DAEFAFB7D" blockId="14.[827,1444,964,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Convergence of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F326F329DA945FC14" box="[1057,1140,964,985]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/654h-avhc" name="Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">MCMC</collectionCode>
|
||
runs of the BI analysis is confirmed by the usual set of diagnostics. The average standard deviation of split frequencies is lower than 0.01, and the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F35953579A92FFBF8" box="[987,1054,1056,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">PSRF</collectionCode>
|
||
(potential scale reduction factor) is close to 1 for all parameters. High swap acceptance rates (0.28–0.63) and large (4641–38 316) effective sample size (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F359E3525A933FB5F" box="[976,1026,1148,1170]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14905" name="University of Duisburg Essen" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" type="Herbarium">ESS</collectionCode>
|
||
) values corroborate the efficiency of the analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4F9210351D35E0ACDFFE1C" blockId="14.[827,1444,964,1906]" lastBlockId="17.[145,762,197,1047]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Bayesian inference and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F321235E3A9B5FB02" box="[1116,1156,1210,1231]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
analyses resulted in trees with largely congruent topologies (BI tree shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4F920F357535AFAE49FAC1" box="[827,888,1270,1292]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[163,242,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[281,1324,196,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[280,1325,195,1639]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree. The analysis was based on the concatenated 3208- bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (18S rRNA, early stage H3 histone) markers. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 750 bootstrap replicates). The tree was artificially rooted between Velatida + Peripodida clade and other asteroid taxa. Ordinal names (at the right) are abbreviated as follows: BRIS, Brisingida; FOR, Forcipulatida; PER, Peripodida; N, Notomyotida; PAX, Paxillosida; SP, Spinulodida; VAL, Valvatida; VEL, Velatida. Familial names (aligned with the species names) are abbreviated as follows: Act, Acanthasteridae; Arch, Archasteridae; Asn, Asterinidae; Asp, Astropectinidae; Asps, Asteropseidae; Ast, Asteriidae; Bent, Benthopectinidae; Bris, Brisingidae; Cay, Caymanostellidae; Cht, Chaetasteridae; Cten, Ctenodiscidae; Ech, Echinasteridae; Fre, Freyellidae; Gan, Ganeriidae; Gon, Goniasteridae; Gop, Goniopectinidae; Hel, Heliasteridae; Kor, Korethrasteridae; Lei, Leilasteridae; Lu, Luidiidae; Mit, Mithrodiidae; Myx, Myxasteridae; Odt, Odontasteridae; Oph, Ophidiasteridae; Ore, Oreasteridae; Ped, Pedicellasteridae; Por, Poraniidae; Porc, Porcellanasteridae; Pse, Pseudarchasteridae; Pter, Pterasteridae; Sol, Solasteridae; Stich, Stichasteridae; Xyl, Xyloplacidae; Zor, Zoroasteridae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799416/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The most striking difference is that
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD4F920F335635AEA871FAC1" box="[1304,1344,1271,1292]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
analysis usually provides lower statistical support compared with BI for the same clade. On both phylogenetic trees, the clade, upholding the taxa belonging to the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F35323428AEEAFA4A" box="[892,987,1393,1415]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F32BB3428A869FA4B" box="[1269,1368,1393,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Xyloplacidae" genus="Xyloplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F32BB3428A869FA4B" box="[1269,1368,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Xyloplax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F357534C9AEF3FA6B" authorityName="Baker, Rowe & Clark" authorityYear="1986" box="[827,962,1424,1446]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Peripodida</taxonomicName>
|
||
), is recovered with strong to moderate (depending on the analysis) statistical support (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4F920F331834F7A8A4FA09" box="[1366,1429,1454,1476]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[163,242,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[281,1324,196,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[280,1325,195,1639]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree. The analysis was based on the concatenated 3208- bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (18S rRNA, early stage H3 histone) markers. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 750 bootstrap replicates). The tree was artificially rooted between Velatida + Peripodida clade and other asteroid taxa. Ordinal names (at the right) are abbreviated as follows: BRIS, Brisingida; FOR, Forcipulatida; PER, Peripodida; N, Notomyotida; PAX, Paxillosida; SP, Spinulodida; VAL, Valvatida; VEL, Velatida. Familial names (aligned with the species names) are abbreviated as follows: Act, Acanthasteridae; Arch, Archasteridae; Asn, Asterinidae; Asp, Astropectinidae; Asps, Asteropseidae; Ast, Asteriidae; Bent, Benthopectinidae; Bris, Brisingidae; Cay, Caymanostellidae; Cht, Chaetasteridae; Cten, Ctenodiscidae; Ech, Echinasteridae; Fre, Freyellidae; Gan, Ganeriidae; Gon, Goniasteridae; Gop, Goniopectinidae; Hel, Heliasteridae; Kor, Korethrasteridae; Lei, Leilasteridae; Lu, Luidiidae; Mit, Mithrodiidae; Myx, Myxasteridae; Odt, Odontasteridae; Oph, Ophidiasteridae; Ore, Oreasteridae; Ped, Pedicellasteridae; Por, Poraniidae; Porc, Porcellanasteridae; Pse, Pseudarchasteridae; Pter, Pterasteridae; Sol, Solasteridae; Stich, Stichasteridae; Xyl, Xyloplacidae; Zor, Zoroasteridae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799416/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within this clade,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F32683494A9A0FA2F" box="[1062,1169,1485,1506]" class="Asteroidea" family="Xyloplacidae" genus="Xyloplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4F920F32683494A9A0FA2F" box="[1062,1169,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Xyloplax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished as a sister-taxon to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F322B34B5A81DF9CF" authorityName="Danielssen & Koren" authorityYear="1884" box="[1125,1324,1516,1538]" class="Asteroidea" family="Korethrasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Korethrasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(posterior probability = 0.8; bootstrap support = 48%). The sisterclade to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F35843770A91AF9F2" box="[970,1067,1577,1599]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F32053770A9F8F9F2" authorityName="Baker, Rowe & Clark" authorityYear="1986" box="[1099,1225,1577,1599]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Peripodida</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade upholds two major groups. The first group represents the wellsupported, monophyletic group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F32A8373FA8AFF9B1" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1987" box="[1254,1438,1638,1660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="superOrder" superOrder="Forcipulatacea">Forcipulatacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The forcipulatacean clade contains several groupings of the paraphyletic order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F323837FDA828F977" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[1142,1305,1700,1722]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Forcipulatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with the well-upheld clade, comprising the members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F357537B8AE82F93A" box="[827,947,1761,1783]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Brisingida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD4F920F358F37B8A930F93B" box="[961,1025,1761,1783]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[163,242,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[281,1324,196,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[280,1325,195,1639]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree. The analysis was based on the concatenated 3208- bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (18S rRNA, early stage H3 histone) markers. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 750 bootstrap replicates). The tree was artificially rooted between Velatida + Peripodida clade and other asteroid taxa. Ordinal names (at the right) are abbreviated as follows: BRIS, Brisingida; FOR, Forcipulatida; PER, Peripodida; N, Notomyotida; PAX, Paxillosida; SP, Spinulodida; VAL, Valvatida; VEL, Velatida. Familial names (aligned with the species names) are abbreviated as follows: Act, Acanthasteridae; Arch, Archasteridae; Asn, Asterinidae; Asp, Astropectinidae; Asps, Asteropseidae; Ast, Asteriidae; Bent, Benthopectinidae; Bris, Brisingidae; Cay, Caymanostellidae; Cht, Chaetasteridae; Cten, Ctenodiscidae; Ech, Echinasteridae; Fre, Freyellidae; Gan, Ganeriidae; Gon, Goniasteridae; Gop, Goniopectinidae; Hel, Heliasteridae; Kor, Korethrasteridae; Lei, Leilasteridae; Lu, Luidiidae; Mit, Mithrodiidae; Myx, Myxasteridae; Odt, Odontasteridae; Oph, Ophidiasteridae; Ore, Oreasteridae; Ped, Pedicellasteridae; Por, Poraniidae; Porc, Porcellanasteridae; Pse, Pseudarchasteridae; Pter, Pterasteridae; Sol, Solasteridae; Stich, Stichasteridae; Xyl, Xyloplacidae; Zor, Zoroasteridae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799416/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="28">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The second major group has strong to moderate (depending on the analysis) support and comprises taxa belonging to the superorders Valvatacea and Spinulosacea. Valvataceans are represented by several clades of the paraphyletic order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4F920F33673605A8AFF8BF" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[1321,1438,1884,1906]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Valvatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD5092103709319CACFBFF16" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[327,458,197,219]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037A4319CAFB2FF16" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1910" box="[490,643,197,219]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Notomyotida</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. All spinulosaceans are grouped into a well-supported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921036DF305BAC2BFED5" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[145,282,258,280]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Spinulosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD5092103727305BAF25FEDA" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[361,532,258,279]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD5092103727305BAF25FEDA" box="[361,532,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered within one of the valvatidan clades as a sister-taxon to the ophidiasterid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210377D3019AF16FE9B" authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[307,551,320,342]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Leiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD509210377D3019ACA1FE98" box="[307,400,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">Leiaster</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A36DD50921034793019AF49FE98" box="[567,632,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[163,242,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[281,1324,196,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[280,1325,195,1639]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree. The analysis was based on the concatenated 3208- bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (18S rRNA, early stage H3 histone) markers. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 750 bootstrap replicates). The tree was artificially rooted between Velatida + Peripodida clade and other asteroid taxa. Ordinal names (at the right) are abbreviated as follows: BRIS, Brisingida; FOR, Forcipulatida; PER, Peripodida; N, Notomyotida; PAX, Paxillosida; SP, Spinulodida; VAL, Valvatida; VEL, Velatida. Familial names (aligned with the species names) are abbreviated as follows: Act, Acanthasteridae; Arch, Archasteridae; Asn, Asterinidae; Asp, Astropectinidae; Asps, Asteropseidae; Ast, Asteriidae; Bent, Benthopectinidae; Bris, Brisingidae; Cay, Caymanostellidae; Cht, Chaetasteridae; Cten, Ctenodiscidae; Ech, Echinasteridae; Fre, Freyellidae; Gan, Ganeriidae; Gon, Goniasteridae; Gop, Goniopectinidae; Hel, Heliasteridae; Kor, Korethrasteridae; Lei, Leilasteridae; Lu, Luidiidae; Mit, Mithrodiidae; Myx, Myxasteridae; Odt, Odontasteridae; Oph, Ophidiasteridae; Ore, Oreasteridae; Ped, Pedicellasteridae; Por, Poraniidae; Porc, Porcellanasteridae; Pse, Pseudarchasteridae; Pter, Pterasteridae; Sol, Solasteridae; Stich, Stichasteridae; Xyl, Xyloplacidae; Zor, Zoroasteridae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799416/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, monophyly of this grouping remains questionable: despite the strong support in the BI analysis (posterior probability = 0.98), this clade is weakly supported by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD50921036DF30E2AD88FE1D" box="[145,185,443,464]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
(bootstrap support = 41%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD4E920E36DE338FADC0FC89" ID-Table-UUID="DF40663BDD4E920E36DE338FADC0FC89" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD4E920E36DE338FADC0FC89" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" startId="15.[144,208,726,748]" targetBox="[144,1843,872,1362]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4E920E36DE338FADC0FC89" blockId="15.[144,1837,726,836]" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E36DE338FADD8FD21" bold="true" box="[144,233,726,748]" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of spines and spinelets of eight
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4E920E3491338FAEACFD21" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[735,925,726,748]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E3491338FAEACFD21" box="[735,925,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimens and three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4E920E32FA338FA8A1FD21" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[1204,1424,726,748]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E32FA338FA9FAFD21" box="[1204,1227,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E32A3338FA8A1FD21" box="[1261,1424,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Specimens are arranged in order of increase in body size. R, radius, r, inter-radius, absp, abactinal spinelets (typical ones), infs, inferomarginal fringe spines, ads, spines of adambulacral plates. For absp, infs and ads, mean ± SD, range (in paretheses) and number of measured spines/spinelets (in square brackets) are given
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD4E920E37483231ABD6FA9F" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<table id="F93FC413DD4E6DFE36DE3231AA02FA9F" box="[144,1843,872,1362]" gridcols="12" gridrows="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3231AA02FCB6" box="[144,1843,872,891]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37483231AE9DFCB6" box="[262,940,872,891]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD4E920E37483231AE59FCB6" authority=", RV Akademik Kurchatov, St. 1267" authorityName="RV Akademik Kurchatov, St." authorityYear="1267" box="[262,872,872,891]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E37483231AF15FCB6" box="[262,548,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Caymanostella spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E341F3231AE25FCB6" box="[593,788,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Akademik Kurchatov</emphasis>
|
||
, St. 1267
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE33233231AA02FCB6" box="[1389,1843,872,891]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E33233231A8C7FCB6" box="[1389,1526,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E305B3231AB94FCB6" box="[1557,1701,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
, KuramBio II,
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE32DDAA02FC5A" box="[144,1843,900,919]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE332332DDABA1FC5A" box="[1389,1680,900,919]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E33C132DDA8F9FC5A" box="[1423,1480,900,919]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Sonne</emphasis>
|
||
, St. SO250–9
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE32E3AA02FC02" box="[144,1843,954,975]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE374832E3AC4EFC02" box="[262,383,954,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype №5</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C432E3AF3CFC02" box="[394,525,954,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype №7</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE345732E3AFB8FC02" box="[537,649,954,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED32E3AE17FC02" box="[675,806,954,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype №6</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F32E3AE9DFC02" box="[817,940,954,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Hotype</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F32E3A919FC02" box="[961,1064,954,975]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE327732E3A985FC02" box="[1081,1204,954,975]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype №3</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE328732E3A867FC02" box="[1225,1366,954,975]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Paratype №1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE332332E3A8DDFC02" box="[1389,1516,954,975]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Specimen №1</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D32E3ABA1FC02" box="[1539,1680,954,975]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Specimen №2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E932E3AA02FC02" box="[1703,1843,954,975]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">Specimen №3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE328FAA02FC26" box="[144,1843,982,1003]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3748328FAC4EFC26" box="[262,383,982,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = 2.0–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C4328FAF3CFC26" box="[394,525,982,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c. 2.3 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3457328FAFB8FC26" box="[537,649,982,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">№2</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED328FAE17FC26" box="[675,806,982,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c. 3.3 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F328FAE9DFC26" box="[817,940,982,1003]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = 3.5–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F328FA919FC26" box="[961,1064,982,1003]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">№4</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3277328FA985FC26" box="[1081,1204,982,1003]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3287328FA867FC26" box="[1225,1366,982,1003]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c. 4.9–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3323328FA8DDFC26" box="[1389,1516,982,1003]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c.</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D328FABA1FC26" box="[1539,1680,982,1003]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c. 5.3–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E9328FAA02FC26" box="[1703,1843,982,1003]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = c.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE32ABAA02FBC8" box="[144,1843,1010,1029]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE374832ABAC4EFBC8" box="[262,383,1010,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">2.4 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C432ABAF3CFBC8" box="[394,525,1010,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 1.9 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE345732ABAFB8FBC8" box="[537,649,1010,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = 2.1–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED32ABAE17FBC8" box="[675,806,1010,1029]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 2.7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F32ABAE9DFBC8" box="[817,940,1010,1029]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">3.7 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F32ABA919FBC8" box="[961,1064,1010,1029]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">R = 3.6–</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE327732ABA985FBC8" box="[1081,1204,1010,1029]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">4.3–4.8 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE328732ABA867FBC8" box="[1225,1366,1010,1029]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">5.0 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE332332ABA8DDFBC8" box="[1389,1516,1010,1029]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">5.3–8.0 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D32ABABA1FBC8" box="[1539,1680,1010,1029]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">9.5 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E932ABAA02FBC8" box="[1703,1843,1010,1029]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">5.3–8.1 mm;</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3557AA02FBEC" box="[144,1843,1038,1057]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37483557AC4EFBEC" box="[262,383,1038,1057]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 1.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34573557AFB8FBEC" box="[537,649,1038,1057]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">2.6 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F3557AE9DFBEC" box="[817,940,1038,1057]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 3–3.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F3557A919FBEC" box="[961,1064,1038,1057]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">4.0 mm;</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32773557A985FBEC" box="[1081,1204,1038,1057]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 4–4.2 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32873557A867FBEC" box="[1225,1366,1038,1057]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 3.8–4.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE33233557A8DDFBEC" box="[1389,1516,1038,1057]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 5–5.7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D3557ABA1FBEC" box="[1539,1680,1038,1057]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 4.5–6.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E93557AA02FBEC" box="[1703,1843,1038,1057]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 4.5–5.1 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3573AA02FBF0" box="[144,1843,1066,1085]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34573573AFB8FBF0" box="[537,649,1066,1085]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 2 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F3573A919FBF0" box="[961,1064,1066,1085]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">r = 3.2 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3506AA02FBBF" box="[144,1843,1119,1138]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE36DE3506ADC0FBBF" box="[144,241,1119,1138]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">absp (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37483506AC4EFBBF" box="[262,383,1119,1138]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.11 ± 0.014</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C43506AF3CFBBF" box="[394,525,1119,1138]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.1 ± 0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34573506AFB8FBBF" box="[537,649,1119,1138]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.09 ± 0.005</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED3506AE17FBBF" box="[675,806,1119,1138]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.1 ± 0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F3506AE9DFBBF" box="[817,940,1119,1138]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.11 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F3506A919FBBF" box="[961,1064,1119,1138]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.1 ± 0.008</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32773506A985FBBF" box="[1081,1204,1119,1138]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.1 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32873506A867FBBF" box="[1225,1366,1119,1138]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.13 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE33233506A8DDFBBF" box="[1389,1516,1119,1138]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.21 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D3506ABA1FBBF" box="[1539,1680,1119,1138]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.16 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E93506AA02FBBF" box="[1703,1843,1119,1138]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.18 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3522AA02FB43" box="[144,1843,1147,1166]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37483522AC4EFB43" box="[262,383,1147,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.08–0.12)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C43522AF3CFB43" box="[394,525,1147,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.08–0.12)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34573522AFB8FB43" box="[537,649,1147,1166]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.08–0.09)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED3522AE17FB43" box="[675,806,1147,1166]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.06–0.12)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F3522AE9DFB43" box="[817,940,1147,1166]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.09–0.15)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F3522A919FB43" box="[961,1064,1147,1166]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.09–0.11)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32773522A985FB43" box="[1081,1204,1147,1166]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.07–0.14)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32873522A867FB43" box="[1225,1366,1147,1166]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.11–0.15)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE33233522A8DDFB43" box="[1389,1516,1147,1166]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.12–0.30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D3522ABA1FB43" box="[1539,1680,1147,1166]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.14–0.24)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E93522AA02FB43" box="[1703,1843,1147,1166]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.14–0.22)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE35CEAA02FB67" box="[144,1843,1175,1194]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE374835CEAC4EFB67" box="[262,383,1175,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E374235CEAC2DFB67" box="[268,284,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 22)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C435CEAF3CFB67" box="[394,525,1175,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E37DF35CEAC90FB67" box="[401,417,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 21)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE345735CEAFB8FB67" box="[537,649,1175,1194]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E345135CEAF1EFB67" box="[543,559,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED35CEAE17FB67" box="[675,806,1175,1194]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E34E735CEAF88FB67" box="[681,697,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 12)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F35CEAE9DFB67" box="[817,940,1175,1194]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E357935CEAE76FB67" box="[823,839,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 17)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F35CEA919FB67" box="[961,1064,1175,1194]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E358635CEAEE9FB67" box="[968,984,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE327735CEA985FB67" box="[1081,1204,1175,1194]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E327135CEA97EFB67" box="[1087,1103,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 18)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE328735CEA867FB67" box="[1225,1366,1175,1194]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E329E35CEA9D1FB67" box="[1232,1248,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE332335CEA8DDFB67" box="[1389,1516,1175,1194]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E333A35CEA8B5FB67" box="[1396,1412,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 76)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D35CEABA1FB67" box="[1539,1680,1175,1194]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E304435CEAB2BFB67" box="[1546,1562,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E935CEAA02FB67" box="[1703,1843,1175,1194]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E30E035CEAB8FFB67" box="[1710,1726,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE35EAAA02FB0B" box="[144,1843,1203,1222]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE36DE35EAADC0FB0B" box="[144,241,1203,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">iNfs (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE374835EAAC4EFB0B" box="[262,383,1203,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.31 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C435EAAF3CFB0B" box="[394,525,1203,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.31 ± 0.019</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE345735EAAFB8FB0B" box="[537,649,1203,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.28 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED35EAAE17FB0B" box="[675,806,1203,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.3 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F35EAAE9DFB0B" box="[817,940,1203,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.4 ± 0.006</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F35EAA919FB0B" box="[961,1064,1203,1222]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.37 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE327735EAA985FB0B" box="[1081,1204,1203,1222]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.37 ± 0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE328735EAA867FB0B" box="[1225,1366,1203,1222]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E328735EAA9E8FB0B" box="[1225,1241,1203,1222]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
ot preserved
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE332335EAA8DDFB0B" box="[1389,1516,1203,1222]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.52 ± 0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D35EAABA1FB0B" box="[1539,1680,1203,1222]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.61 ± 0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E935EAAA02FB0B" box="[1703,1843,1203,1222]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.5 ± 0.06</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3596AA02FB2F" box="[144,1843,1231,1250]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37483596AC4EFB2F" box="[262,383,1231,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.28–0.36)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C43596AF3CFB2F" box="[394,525,1231,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.27–0.33)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34573596AFB8FB2F" box="[537,649,1231,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.24–0.32)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED3596AE17FB2F" box="[675,806,1231,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.26–0.34)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F3596AE9DFB2F" box="[817,940,1231,1250]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.39–0.40)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F3596A919FB2F" box="[961,1064,1231,1250]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.25–0.40)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32773596A985FB2F" box="[1081,1204,1231,1250]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.33–0.46)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE33233596A8DDFB2F" box="[1389,1516,1231,1250]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.38–0.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D3596ABA1FB2F" box="[1539,1680,1231,1250]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.45–0.80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E93596AA02FB2F" box="[1703,1843,1231,1250]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.43–0.60)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE35B2AA02FB33" box="[144,1843,1259,1278]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE374835B2AC4EFB33" box="[262,383,1259,1278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E374235B2AC2DFB33" box="[268,284,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C435B2AF3CFB33" box="[394,525,1259,1278]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E37DF35B2AC90FB33" box="[401,417,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 11)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE345735B2AFB8FB33" box="[537,649,1259,1278]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E345135B2AF1EFB33" box="[543,559,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 11)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED35B2AE17FB33" box="[675,806,1259,1278]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E34E735B2AF88FB33" box="[681,697,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F35B2AE9DFB33" box="[817,940,1259,1278]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E357935B2AE76FB33" box="[823,839,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F35B2A919FB33" box="[961,1064,1259,1278]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E358635B2AEE9FB33" box="[968,984,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE327735B2A985FB33" box="[1081,1204,1259,1278]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E327135B2A97EFB33" box="[1087,1103,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE332335B2A8DDFB33" box="[1389,1516,1259,1278]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E333A35B2A8B5FB33" box="[1396,1412,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 42)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D35B2ABA1FB33" box="[1539,1680,1259,1278]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E304435B2AB2BFB33" box="[1546,1562,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E935B2AA02FB33" box="[1703,1843,1259,1278]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E30E035B2AB8FFB33" box="[1710,1726,1259,1278]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 11)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE345EAA02FAD7" box="[144,1843,1287,1306]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE36DE345EADC0FAD7" box="[144,241,1287,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">ads (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3748345EAC4EFAD7" box="[262,383,1287,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.18 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C4345EAF3CFAD7" box="[394,525,1287,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.23 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3457345EAFB8FAD7" box="[537,649,1287,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.24 ± 0.019</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED345EAE17FAD7" box="[675,806,1287,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.21 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F345EAE9DFAD7" box="[817,940,1287,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.26 ± 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F345EA919FAD7" box="[961,1064,1287,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.31 ± 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3277345EA985FAD7" box="[1081,1204,1287,1306]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.24 ± 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3287345EA867FAD7" box="[1225,1366,1287,1306]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.31 ± 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3323345EA8DDFAD7" box="[1389,1516,1287,1306]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.44 ± 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D345EABA1FAD7" box="[1539,1680,1287,1306]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.44 ± 0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E9345EAA02FAD7" box="[1703,1843,1287,1306]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">0.35 ± 0.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE347AAA02FAFB" box="[144,1843,1315,1334]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3748347AAC4EFAFB" box="[262,383,1315,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.14–0.22)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C4347AAF3CFAFB" box="[394,525,1315,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.20–0.25)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3457347AAFB8FAFB" box="[537,649,1315,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.20–0.26)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED347AAE17FAFB" box="[675,806,1315,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.16–0.24)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F347AAE9DFAFB" box="[817,940,1315,1334]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.21–0.30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F347AA919FAFB" box="[961,1064,1315,1334]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.28–0.34)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3277347AA985FAFB" box="[1081,1204,1315,1334]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.21–0.30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3287347AA867FAFB" box="[1225,1366,1315,1334]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.24–0.36)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE3323347AA8DDFAFB" box="[1389,1516,1315,1334]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.37–0.50)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D347AABA1FAFB" box="[1539,1680,1315,1334]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.35–0.53)</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E9347AAA02FAFB" box="[1703,1843,1315,1334]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">(0.30–0.41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350F34F1DD4E6DFE36DE3466AA02FA9F" box="[144,1843,1343,1362]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37483466AC4EFA9F" box="[262,383,1343,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E37423466AC2DFA9F" box="[268,284,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE37C43466AF3CFA9F" box="[394,525,1343,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E37DF3466AC90FA9F" box="[401,417,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34573466AFB8FA9F" box="[537,649,1343,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E34513466AF1EFA9F" box="[543,559,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 18)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE34ED3466AE17FA9F" box="[675,806,1343,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E34E73466AF88FA9F" box="[681,697,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 23)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE357F3466AE9DFA9F" box="[817,940,1343,1362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E35793466AE76FA9F" box="[823,839,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE358F3466A919FA9F" box="[961,1064,1343,1362]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E35863466AEE9FA9F" box="[968,984,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32773466A985FA9F" box="[1081,1204,1343,1362]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E32713466A97EFA9F" box="[1087,1103,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE32873466A867FA9F" box="[1225,1366,1343,1362]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E329E3466A9D1FA9F" box="[1232,1248,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 14)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE33233466A8DDFA9F" box="[1389,1516,1343,1362]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E333A3466A8B5FA9F" box="[1396,1412,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 12)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE304D3466ABA1FA9F" box="[1539,1680,1343,1362]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E30443466AB2BFA9F" box="[1546,1562,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76DE5D8DDD4E6DFE30E93466AA02FA9F" box="[1703,1843,1343,1362]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD4E920E30E03466AB8FFA9F" box="[1710,1726,1343,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40663BDD51921036ED37D7A8A0F8A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799416/files/figure.png" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" startId="16.[163,242,1678,1700]" targetBox="[281,1324,196,1638]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD51921036ED37D7A8A0F8A0" blockId="16.[163,1443,1678,1876]" lastBlockId="17.[145,1425,1762,1901]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD51921136ED37D7AC3CF969" bold="true" box="[163,269,1678,1700]" pageId="16" pageNumber="30">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree. The analysis was based on the concatenated 3208- bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD51921135F337F5AED8F90F" box="[957,1001,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="30">COI</emphasis>
|
||
) and two nuclear (18S rRNA, early stage
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD51921136ED3790ADF2F913" box="[163,195,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="30">H3</emphasis>
|
||
histone) markers. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 750 bootstrap replicates). The tree was artificially rooted between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD519211353E37BFAEFBF931" box="[880,970,1766,1788]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD51921135A837BFA96BF931" authorityName="Baker, Rowe & Clark" authorityYear="1986" box="[998,1114,1766,1788]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Peripodida</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade and other asteroid taxa. Ordinal names (at the right) are abbreviated as follows: BRIS,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD519211352C365DAEE6F8D7" box="[866,983,1796,1818]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Brisingida</taxonomicName>
|
||
; FOR,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD519211326A365DA98BF8D7" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[1060,1210,1796,1818]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Forcipulatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
; PER,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD5192113348365DA84FF8D7" authorityName="Baker, Rowe & Clark" authorityYear="1986" box="[1286,1406,1796,1818]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Peripodida</taxonomicName>
|
||
; N,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD51921136ED3678AC1CF8FA" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1910" box="[163,301,1825,1847]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Notomyotida</taxonomicName>
|
||
; PAX,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD519211373C3678ACD9F8FA" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[370,488,1825,1847]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
; SP, Spinulodida; VAL,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD51921134913678AE77F8FA" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[735,838,1825,1847]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Valvatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
; VEL,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD51921135C23678AED6F8FA" box="[908,999,1825,1847]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Familial names (aligned with the species names) are abbreviated as follows: Act,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD51921134703667AFDCF899" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[574,749,1854,1876]" class="Asteroidea" family="Acanthasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Acanthasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Arch,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD519211357C3667AEF6F899" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1879" box="[818,967,1854,1876]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Archasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Asn,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD519211324A3667A9B1F899" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1028,1152,1854,1876]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Asp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD51921132F53667A853F899" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1211,1378,1854,1876]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="16" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Astropectinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Asps,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921036DC37BBAC1AF935" authorityName="Hotchkiss & Clark" authorityYear="1976" box="[146,299,1762,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asteropseidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210372837BBACE6F935" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[358,471,1762,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asteriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Bent,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210346D37BBAFD3F935" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[547,738,1762,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Benthopectinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Bris,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210356937BBAE94F935" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1875" box="[807,933,1762,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Brisingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Brisingidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Cay,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921035AB37BBA999F935" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[997,1192,1762,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Cht,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921032A937BBA8BCF935" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1255,1421,1762,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Chaetasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Cten,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210369F37A6AC59F8D8" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[209,360,1791,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ctenodiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ctenodiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ech,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037E737A6AF7CF8D8" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[425,589,1791,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Echinasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fre,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921034C737A6AE32F8D8" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1986" box="[649,771,1791,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Freyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Gan,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210350637A6AEF0F8D8" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[840,961,1791,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Gon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210324A37A6A9ADF8D8" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[1028,1180,1791,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Gop,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210329037A6A8BCF8D8" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1889" box="[1246,1421,1791,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniopectinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Hel,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210368D3645AC64F8FF" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1879" box="[195,341,1820,1842]" class="Asteroidea" family="Heliasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Heliasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Kor,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037DD3645AF7CF8FF" authorityName="Danielssen & Koren" authorityYear="1884" box="[403,589,1820,1842]" class="Asteroidea" family="Korethrasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Korethrasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lei,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921034C93645AE27F8FF" authorityName="Jangoux & Aziz" authorityYear="1988" box="[647,790,1820,1842]" class="Asteroidea" family="Leilasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Leilasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lu,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921035053645AE82F8FF" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[843,947,1820,1842]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Luidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Mit,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921035BF3645A94FF8FF" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[1009,1150,1820,1842]" class="Asteroidea" family="Mithrodiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Mithrodiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Myx,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210328A3645A866F8FF" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1885" box="[1220,1367,1820,1842]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Myxasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Odt,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921036DF3663AC04F89D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[145,309,1850,1872]" class="Asteroidea" family="Odontasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Odontasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Oph,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037393663AF13F89D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[375,546,1850,1872]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophidiasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921034113663AFD8F89D" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[607,745,1850,1872]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Oreasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ped,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921035683663AEEAF89D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[806,987,1850,1872]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pedicellasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Pedicellasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Por,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210325C3663A9B4F89D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1894" box="[1042,1157,1850,1872]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Poraniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Porc,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921032863663A8BCF89D" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1883" box="[1224,1421,1850,1872]" class="Asteroidea" family="Porcellanasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Porcellanasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Pse,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210368F360EACA3F8A0" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[193,402,1879,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Pseudarchasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Pter,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210379D360EAF52F8A0" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[467,611,1879,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Pterasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Sol,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921034D4360EAE2FF8A0" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[666,798,1879,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Stich,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD5092103524360EA932F8A0" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1885" box="[874,1027,1879,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Stichasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Xyl,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD5092103272360EA9F2F8A0" authorityName="Baker, Rowe & Clark" authorityYear="1986" box="[1084,1219,1879,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Xyloplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Xyloplacidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Zor,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921032B4360EA8BCF8A0" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1274,1421,1879,1901]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Zoroasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD50921036E73080AF7DFD29" blockId="17.[145,762,197,1047]" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">
|
||
At the same time, Bayes’ factor (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD50921034683080AF7BFE22" box="[550,586,473,495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">BF</collectionCode>
|
||
) tests strongly support the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210376330A1AF3AFDC3" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[301,523,504,526]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210347E30A1AFC6FDC3" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[560,759,504,526]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophidiasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
grouping within the Valvatacea + Spinulosacea clade, as indicated from BI and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD5092103457336FAF70FD86" box="[537,577,566,587]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
trees (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BD0308DD50921034D7336CAFC3FD87" box="[665,754,565,587]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="4.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of BI and ML tree topologies obtained in present study (H0) and alternative hypotheses H1–H5 considering the affinities of caymanostellids with various major asteroid groups" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD45920536ED319DAED5FF3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="DF40663BDD45920536ED319DAED5FF3A">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
: H
|
||
<subScript id="17BB34F6DD50921036E8333AAD9FFDA2" attach="left" box="[166,174,611,623]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">0</subScript>
|
||
). Alternative topological hypotheses that nested caymanostellids within other major asteroid groups or placed caymanostellids as a sister-taxon to the valvatidan family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210372E33E9ACD4FD0B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[352,485,688,710]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rejected with 2lnBF ranging from 20.86 to 171.34 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BD0308DD50921037A73397AF0DFD29" box="[489,572,718,740]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="4.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of BI and ML tree topologies obtained in present study (H0) and alternative hypotheses H1–H5 considering the affinities of caymanostellids with various major asteroid groups" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD45920536ED319DAED5FF3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="DF40663BDD45920536ED319DAED5FF3A">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036B3DD50921036E733B7AFC6FBDA" blockId="17.[145,762,197,1047]" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The AU test shows that unconstrained
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD509210348133B7AFC7FCCE" box="[719,758,750,771]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
phylogenetic tree has a significantly (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD509210340A3255AF65FCEC" box="[580,596,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05) better likelihood than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037293273AF02FC8D" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[359,563,810,832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921034053273AFC4FC8D" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1987" box="[587,757,810,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="15" rank="superOrder" superOrder="Forcipulatacea">Forcipulatacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921036DF3210AC9AFC92" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[145,427,841,863]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037A03210AF9BFC92" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[494,682,841,863]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Spinulosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921036DF3231AC6CFCB3" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[145,349,872,894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037373231ACCFFCB3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[377,510,872,894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
constrained
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE76DD50921034DF3231AF88FCB0" box="[657,697,872,893]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
trees (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BD0308DD50921036D732DFADC0FC51" box="[153,241,902,924]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="4.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of BI and ML tree topologies obtained in present study (H0) and alternative hypotheses H1–H5 considering the affinities of caymanostellids with various major asteroid groups" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF40663BDD45920536ED319DAED5FF3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="DF40663BDD45920536ED319DAED5FF3A">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Hypotheses H 1 and H 3 that concerned the groupings
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210374232FCACECFC76" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[268,477,933,955]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037B532FCAF6DFC76" box="[507,604,933,955]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210343532FCAFC9FC76" authorityName="Baker, Rowe & Clark" authorityYear="1986" box="[635,760,933,955]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peripodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Peripodida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD509210368B329DACA9FC17" authorityName="BELYAEV" authorityYear="1974" box="[197,408,964,986]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caymanostellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD50921037F7329DAF0AFC17" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[441,571,964,986]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D30DD5092103415329DAFC4FC17" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1910" box="[603,757,964,986]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Notomyotida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, result in lower likelihood values but are not rejected by the AU test (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD509210370A355BAC65FBDA" box="[324,340,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">P</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.175 and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAA1DD50921037A9355BACC6FBDA" box="[487,503,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="31">P</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.337, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |