353 lines
42 KiB
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353 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="30EC4E60ADC80E141088E790F360CDD3">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="259CF2F26D7A898AAA265F5D4C63C3B0">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D20C7DF105768B156B5EF6CD0600EF00">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A277520D03465C7CDAC0FDC6AD406EB">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="592509A53E9E3808C1DE8CDA3B154191">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F38C738BABF8BA5B64DFAC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718037" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F38C738BABF8BA5B64DFAC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F38C738BABF8BA5B64DFAC1" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F38C738BABF8BA5B678FF7D" box="[151,790,150,177]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F38C738BABF8BA5B678FF7D" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[151,790,150,177]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BABF8BA5B5D5FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,187,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">43.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BAEA8BA4B67FFF7D" ID-CoL="6L92V" ID-ENA="1048531" authority="Warburton & Nuttall, 1909" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[194,785,150,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BAEA8BA4B4BBFF7D" bold="true" box="[194,469,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BBF58BA5B67FFF7D" author="Warburton, C. & Nuttall, G. H. F." box="[477,785,151,177]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref264310" refString="Warburton, C. & Nuttall, G. H. F. (1909) On new species of Ixodidae, with a note on abnormalities observed in ticks. Parasitology, 2, 57 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000001566" type="journal article" year="1909">Warburton & Nuttall, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F38C738B9348BA5B69AFE8D" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F38C738B9348BA5B69AFE8D" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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Australasian: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B9FD8BA5B151FF7D" box="[981,1087,151,177]" name="Australia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BE428BA5B029FF7D" box="[1130,1351,151,177]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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; Oriental: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BACB8B89B448FF19" box="[227,294,187,213]" name="China" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
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(south), 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BB848B89B486FF19" box="[428,488,187,213]" name="India" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">India</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B83C8B89B723FF19" box="[532,589,187,213]" name="Laos" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B8528B89B78DFF19" box="[634,739,187,213]" name="Malaysia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B9278B89B610FF19" box="[783,894,187,213]" name="Myanmar" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B9818B89B682FF19" box="[937,1004,187,213]" name="Nepal" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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(south and central), 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BED08B89B017FF19" box="[1272,1401,187,213]" name="Philippines" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BABF8BEDB465FF35" box="[151,267,223,249]" name="Singapore" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BB1C8BEDB4CAFF35" box="[308,420,223,249]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BBF28BEDB741FF35" box="[474,559,223,249]" name="Taiwan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B84C8BEDB7A4FF35" box="[612,714,223,249]" name="Thailand" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B9288BEDB60CFF35" box="[768,866,223,249]" name="Vietnam" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
; Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BE208BEDB125FF35" box="[1032,1099,223,249]" name="China" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
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(north) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BE858BEDB5BCFED1" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1099 - 1117" refId="ref205584" refString="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1973) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 3. H. (Ornithophysalis) subgen. n.: definition, species, hosts and distribution in the Oriental, Palearctic, Malagasy, and Ethiopian Faunal Regions. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1099 - 1117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278650" type="journal article" year="1973">Hoogstraal & Wassef 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BAF68A31B4BBFED1" author="Doube, B. M. & Kemp, D. H." box="[222,469,259,285]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="169 - 170" refId="ref189048" refString="Doube, B. M. & Kemp, D. H. (1979) Notes on the tick Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) doenitzi Warburton and Nuttall (Acarina: Ixodidae) in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 18, 169 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1979. tb 00830. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Doube & Kemp 1979</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BBC88A31B7B7FED1" author="Tanskul, P. & Inlao, I." box="[480,729,259,285]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="573 - 601" refId="ref256990" refString="Tanskul, P. & Inlao, I. (1989) Keys to the adult ticks of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, in Thailand with notes on changes in taxonomy (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 573 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.6.573" type="journal article" year="1989">Tanskul & Inlao 1989</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B8CD8A31B6CDFED1" author="Chen, Z. & Yang, X. & Bu, F. & Yang, X. & Yang, X. & Liu, J." box="[741,931,259,285]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
Chen
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B9008A31B60EFED1" box="[808,864,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B9868A31B19BFED1" author="Geevarghese, G. & Mishra, A. C." box="[942,1269,259,285]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref197037" refString="Geevarghese, G. & Mishra, A. C. (2011) Haemaphysalis ticks of India. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 260 pp." type="book" year="2011">Geevarghese & Mishra 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BF288A31B47FFE8D" author="Vongphayloth, K. & Brey, P. T. & Robbins, R. G. & Sutherland, I. W." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="166 - 180" refId="ref262367" refString="Vongphayloth, K., Brey, P. T., Robbins, R. G. & Sutherland, I. W. (2016) First survey of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 166 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 21.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
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||
Vongphayloth
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BABF8A15B5A1FE8D" box="[151,207,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BB348A15B4A3FE8D" author="Kuo, C. C. & Lin, Y. F. & Yao, C. T. & Shih, H. C. & Chung, L. H. & Liao, H. C. & Hsu, Y. C. & Wang, H. C." box="[284,461,295,321]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref222095" refString="Kuo, C. C., Lin, Y. F., Yao, C. T., Shih, H. C., Chung, L. H., Liao, H. C., Hsu, Y. C. & Wang, H. C. (2017) Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from birds in Taiwan. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 587), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2535 - 4" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Kuo
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB7B8A15B4E2FE8D" box="[339,396,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BBF08A15B707FE8D" author="Kwak, M. L." box="[472,617,295,321]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref222397" refString="Kwak, M. L. (2018 c) Ticks in the Lion City: a preliminary review of the tick fauna of Singapore. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76, 263 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 018 - 0305 - 4" type="journal article" year="2018">Kwak 2018c</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B85D8A15B64FFE8D" author="Pun, S. K. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Tarragona, E. L. & Nava, S. & Maharjan, M." box="[629,801,295,321]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="526 - 534" refId="ref244332" refString="Pun, S. K., Guglielmone, A. A., Tarragona, E. L., Nava, S. & Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.010" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Pun
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B88F8A15B78EFE8D" box="[679,736,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B9048A15B686FE8D" author="Zhao, G. P. & Wang, Y. X. & Fan, Z. W. & Ji, Y. & Liu, M. J. & Zhang, W. H. & Li, X. L. & Zhou, S. X. & Li, H. & Liang, S. & Liu, W. & Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q." box="[812,1000,295,321]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Zhao
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B9458A15B6CBFE8D" box="[877,933,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F38C738BAEF8A79B64DFAC1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F38C738BAEF8A79B722FE45" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Several records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BB8B8A79B7DCFEA9" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[419,690,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB8B8A79B7DCFEA9" box="[419,690,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been published under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BE448A79B011FEA8" authorityName="Kohls" authorityYear="1949" box="[1132,1407,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centropi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BE448A79B011FEA8" box="[1132,1407,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis centropi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BB248A5DB751FE45" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." box="[268,575,367,393]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1099 - 1117" refId="ref205584" refString="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1973) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 3. H. (Ornithophysalis) subgen. n.: definition, species, hosts and distribution in the Oriental, Palearctic, Malagasy, and Ethiopian Faunal Regions. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1099 - 1117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278650" type="journal article" year="1973">Hoogstraal & Wassef 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F38C738BAEF8AA1B069FC69" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BB9F8AA1B7ABFE61" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[439,709,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB9F8AA1B7ABFE61" box="[439,709,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B8DA8AA1B156FE61" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." box="[754,1080,403,429]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1099 - 1117" refId="ref205584" refString="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1973) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 3. H. (Ornithophysalis) subgen. n.: definition, species, hosts and distribution in the Oriental, Palearctic, Malagasy, and Ethiopian Faunal Regions. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1099 - 1117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278650" type="journal article" year="1973">Hoogstraal & Wassef (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is entirely based
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BF2B8AA1B033FE61" baseAuthorityName="Keirans" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1283,1373,403,429]" genus="The" pageId="83" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="ticks">on ticks</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BABF8A85B467FE1D" box="[151,265,439,465]" name="Singapore" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="548465E20F38C738BB328A85B422FE1D" box="[282,332,439,465]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and the Malay Peninsula, while specimens from other territories are treated under the subheading “structural variation,” implying that more than one species may exist under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BED88AE9B599FDD5" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BED88AE9B59DFDD5" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This hypothesis appeared to be confirmed after the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B9D18ACDB079FDD5" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[1017,1303,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B9D18ACDB079FDD5" box="[1017,1303,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BF6D8ACDB464FDF1" author="Saito, Y. & Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="198 - 208" refId="ref249268" refString="Saito, Y., Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1974) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 4. H. (Ornithophysalis) phasiana sp. n. from Japan. Journal of Parasitology, 60, 198 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278700" type="journal article" year="1974">
|
||
Saito
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BFA08ACDB5DAFDF1" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1974)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a species whose morphological separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B9168911B123FDF1" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[830,1101,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B9168911B123FDF1" box="[830,1101,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BF328911B445FDAD" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BF328911B445FDAD" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BB4B8975B711FDAD" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[355,639,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB4B8975B711FDAD" box="[355,639,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are treated here as valid, but authors such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BEAC8975B05DFDAD" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1156,1331,583,609]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BABF8959B4DCFD49" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,434,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BABF8959B4DCFD49" box="[151,434,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B85F8959B6E5FD49" box="[631,907,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B85F8959B6E9FD49" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[631,903,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The uncertainties involved in identifying these two species are clearly demonstrated on page 208 of Saito
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B91789BDB614FD65" box="[831,890,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
’s (1974) original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BED889BDB590FD01" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BED889BDB590FD01" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where these authors state “The taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B8E88981B649FD01" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[704,807,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B8E88981B649FD01" box="[704,807,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may possibly be a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BE848981B06BFD01" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[1196,1285,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BE848981B06BFD01" box="[1196,1285,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” A different opinion was expressed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BBEA89E5B7F0FD3D" author="Sames, W. J. & Kim, H. C. & Chong, S. T. & Lee, I. Y. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. & Moore, R. & Klein, T. A." box="[450,670,727,753]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref249444" refString="Sames, W. J., Kim, H. C., Chong, S. T., Lee, I. Y., Apanaskevich, D. A., Robbins, R. G., Bast. J., Moore, R. & Klein, T. A. (2008) Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) phasiana (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Republic of Korea: two province records and habitat descriptions. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 13, 43 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 13.1.5" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sames
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B83B89E5B722FD3D" box="[531,588,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
when discussing the problem of separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BEA789E5B0F3FD3D" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[1167,1437,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BEA789E5B0F3FD3D" box="[1167,1437,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BAED89C9B4B1FCD9" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[197,479,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BAED89C9B4B1FCD9" box="[197,479,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because these authors suspect that both species may be polymorphic, concluding “We do not exclude the possibility that, within our current concept of species, both may be representatives of a complex or complexes of several closely related species. Consequently, a detailed taxonomic study of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BE868871B1ACFC90" box="[1198,1218,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BEF98871B003FC91" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[1233,1389,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana" subGenus="Ornithophysalis">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BEF28871B180FC91" box="[1242,1262,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">O</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BF2E8871B003FC91" box="[1286,1389,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BABF8855B5C5FC4C" box="[151,171,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BA928855B426FC4D" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[186,328,871,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi" subGenus="Ornithophysalis">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BAEB8855B5B9FC4D" box="[195,215,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">O</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BAC78855B426FC4D" box="[239,328,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs to be undertaken.” The study proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B95B8855B123FC4D" author="Sames, W. J. & Kim, H. C. & Chong, S. T. & Lee, I. Y. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. & Moore, R. & Klein, T. A." box="[883,1101,871,897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref249444" refString="Sames, W. J., Kim, H. C., Chong, S. T., Lee, I. Y., Apanaskevich, D. A., Robbins, R. G., Bast. J., Moore, R. & Klein, T. A. (2008) Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) phasiana (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Republic of Korea: two province records and habitat descriptions. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 13, 43 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 13.1.5" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sames
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B9EB8855B692FC4D" box="[963,1020,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has yet to be undertaken, and our picture of the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B8A288B9B6F8FC69" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[650,918,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B8A288B9B6F8FC69" box="[650,918,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be treated as provisional.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F38C738BAEF889DB1A2FB09" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BBAD889DB7FDFC05" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[389,659,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BBAD889DB7FDFC05" box="[389,659,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B892889DB6FBFC05" box="[698,917,943,969]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BE0D889DB005FC05" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." box="[1061,1387,943,969]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1099 - 1117" refId="ref205584" refString="Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1973) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 3. H. (Ornithophysalis) subgen. n.: definition, species, hosts and distribution in the Oriental, Palearctic, Malagasy, and Ethiopian Faunal Regions. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1099 - 1117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278650" type="journal article" year="1973">Hoogstraal & Wassef (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BABF88E1B447FC21" author="Owen, I. L." box="[151,297,979,1005]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref240497" refString="Owen, I. L. (2011) Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations. Zootaxa, 3143, 1 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3143.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Owen (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not recognize this tick as occurring there, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B97C88E1B147FC21" box="[852,1065,979,1005]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
is only tentatively included within its range.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BB0888C5B4BEFBDD" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[288,464,1015,1041]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BBF388C5B651FBDD" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[475,831,1015,1041]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref199027" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone & Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738B95C88C5B13EFBDD" author="Petney, T. N. & Saijuntha, W. & Boulanger, N. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Pfeffer, M. & Eamudomkarn, C. & Andrews, R. H. & Ahamad, M. & Putthasorn, N. & Muders, S. V. & Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[884,1104,1015,1041]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Petney
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B9EF88C5B691FBDD" box="[967,1023,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a broader range for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BABF8F29B4CDFBF9" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,419,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BABF8F29B4CDFBF9" box="[151,419,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than that presented here. The presence of this tick in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B9DA8F29B10EFBF9" box="[1010,1120,1051,1077]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BEC08F29B0F6FBF9" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1256,1432,1051,1077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BB0C8F0DB721FB95" authorityName="Pospelova-Shtrom" authorityYear="1935" box="[292,591,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavlovskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB0C8F0DB721FB95" box="[292,591,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis pavlovskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a tick from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B8CC8F0DB63BFB95" box="[740,853,1087,1113]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BE008F0DB02AFB95" authorityName="Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef" authorityYear="1974" box="[1064,1348,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BE008F0DB02AFB95" box="[1064,1348,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis phasiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738BB2F8F51B77DFBB1" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[263,531,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB2F8F51B77DFBB1" box="[263,531,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while this tick’s presence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738B9758F51B687FBB1" box="[861,1001,1123,1149]" name="South Korea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
is based on collections from migrating birds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BAF78FB5B4FAFB6D" author="Kim, H. C. & Chong, S. T. & Choi, C. Y. & Nam, H. Y. & Chae, H. Y. & Lee, H. & Klein, T. A. & Robbins, R. G. & Chae, J. S." box="[223,404,1159,1185]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="596 - 606" refId="ref217990" refString="Kim, H. C., Chong, S. T., Choi, C. Y., Nam, H. Y., Chae, H. Y., Lee, H., Klein, T. A., Robbins, R. G. & Chae, J. S. (2016) Tick surveillance, including new records for three Haemaphysalis species (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from migratory birds during 2009 on Hong Island (Hong-do), Republic of Korea. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 596 - 606. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 21.5.4" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Kim
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BB308FB5B43EFB6D" box="[280,336,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because the task of identifying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B92F8FB5B17AFB6D" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[775,1044,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B92F8FB5B17AFB6D" box="[775,1044,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult, the decision to exclude
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BABF8F99B5B4FB09" box="[151,218,1195,1221]" name="Japan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BACD8F99B41FFB09" box="[229,369,1195,1221]" name="South Korea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BB808F99B778FB09" box="[424,534,1195,1221]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
from this species’ distribution should be considered tentative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F38C738BAEF8FFDB64DFAC1" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F38C738BAEF8FFDB773FB25" author="Hosseini-Chegeni, A. & Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z." box="[199,541,1231,1257]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="2133 - 2166" refId="ref210448" refString="Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hosseini-Chegeni
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738BBBE8FFDB4A3FB25" box="[406,461,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F38C738B96E8FFDB13FFB25" authorityName="Warburton & Nuttall" authorityYear="1909" box="[838,1105,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doenitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F38C738B96E8FFDB13FFB25" box="[838,1105,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Haemaphysalis doenitzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F38C738BE5A8FFDB1F1FB25" box="[1138,1183,1231,1257]" name="Iran" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
requires confirmation, and that country is not included within this species’ range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |