156 lines
16 KiB
XML
156 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EC7A3129C271154D50D266FE9EF41050">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D8F0E096CF52E68EF2B76862D854E65">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="10C9CF743B1CDCC366B4C79BAB3C9D87">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8D3AC2B3D83D4EFB68697124990CF167" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D2704752F6437555775B7835A5556085">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8BCEEA9F38837C8794C6F73B6B03132" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1B950D1FB319D9B5C0AF00CC3DD56583">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5DAF6E29CCA01417D977D02258E54F52">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F18C718BABF8A31B6F2FDD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718347" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718347" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F18C718BABF8A31B6F2FDD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F18C718BABF8A31B6F2FDD5" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F18C718BABF8A31B700FED1" box="[151,622,258,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718BABF8A31B700FED1" blockId="115.[151,1437,258,537]" box="[151,622,258,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D0C86C2C0F18C718BABF8A31B700FED1" box="[151,622,258,285]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BABF8A31B5D4FED1" bold="true" box="[151,186,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BAE98A30B704FED1" ID-CoL="795FM" ID-ENA="2778735" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[193,618,258,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BAE98A30B4BFFED1" bold="true" box="[193,465,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus capensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BBF08A31B704FED1" author="Koch, C. L." box="[472,618,259,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F18C718B85B8A31B014FED1" box="[627,1402,259,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718B85B8A31B014FED1" blockId="115.[151,1437,258,537]" box="[627,1402,259,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D0C86C2C0F18C718B85B8A31B014FED1" box="[627,1402,259,285]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="5">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F18C718B9038A31B6D7FED1" box="[811,953,259,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718B9E18A31B1F4FED1" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[969,1178,259,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BE088A31B137FED1" box="[1056,1113,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BE8D8A31B000FED1" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[1189,1390,259,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BEDA8A31B045FED1" box="[1266,1323,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F18C718BAEF8A15B6F2FDD5" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718BAEF8A15B023FE60" blockId="115.[151,1437,258,537]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BAEF8A15B4C4FE8D" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[199,426,295,321]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref263510" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BB378A15B436FE8D" box="[287,344,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2000)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
stated that many early records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718B9038A15B15DFE8C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[811,1075,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B9038A15B15DFE8C" box="[811,1075,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are uncertain, and that this species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BAF88A79B4C6FEA9" box="[208,424,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="follis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BAF88A79B4C6FEA9" box="[208,424,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalis follis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BBF48A79B79FFEA9" authorityName="Feldman-Muhsam" authorityYear="1960" box="[476,753,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertrudae">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BBF48A79B79FFEA9" box="[476,753,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus gertrudae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been confused with one another, arguing that it is sometimes impossible to morphologically distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718B8958A5DB6ABFE44" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[701,965,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B8958A5DB6ABFE44" box="[701,965,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BE238A5DB047FE45" box="[1035,1321,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BE238A5DB04BFE45" authorityName="Feldman-Muhsam" authorityYear="1960" box="[1035,1317,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertrudae">Rhipicephalus gertrudae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BABF8AA1B400FE61" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[151,366,403,429]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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||
Horak
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BACC8AA1B472FE61" box="[228,284,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2018)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
expressed greater confidence in being able to correctly identify
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BE168AA1B023FE60" box="[1086,1357,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BE168AA1B027FE60" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1086,1353,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Rhipicephalus capensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F18C718BAEF8A85B6F2FDD5" blockId="115.[151,1437,258,537]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
The early confusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718BBE38A85B7BCFE1C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[459,722,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718BBE38A85B7BCFE1C" box="[459,722,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus capensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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with related species led authors such as
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BEBE8A85B056FE1D" author="Theiler, G." box="[1174,1336,439,465]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BF468A85B41FFE39" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 555" refId="ref191120" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (147), 1 - 555." type="journal article" year="1966">Elbl & Anastos (1966c)</bibRefCitation>
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||
to depict a broader geographic distribution for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F18C718B9B68AE9B1C7FE38" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[926,1193,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F18C718B9B68AE9B1C7FE38" box="[926,1193,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rhipicephalus capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F18C718BEC58AE9B0F6FE39" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[1261,1432,475,501]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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, among others, maintained this broad range for many years thereafter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |