705 lines
91 KiB
XML
705 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="2AA0F7AB8AC6CCC7634A737AC854124B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.1SLASH11426" ID-CLB-Dataset="32677" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc0690ff-ca74-4ba8-bc70-7376f04cf203" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="829833" ID-ZooBank="1A18DA8-2AFF-4998-AE87-00D713EC531D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1497944538512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Garg, Sonali & Biju, S. D." docDate="2017" docId="039287B73131FF84FF5DB3C2D41BF840" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4277.4.1SLASH11426.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4277 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fejervarya manoharani Garg & Biju 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D9AF4ACC-6820-44EA-8A06-79DA7E39DAB7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="481" masterDocId="FFABFFCF312AFF9AFFCAB132D536FFAF" masterDocTitle="Description of four new species of Burrowing Frogs in the Fejervarya rufescens complex (Dicroglossidae) with notes on morphological affinities of Fejervarya species in the Western Ghats" masterLastPageNumber="490" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="478" updateTime="1698447367985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8CFDCFEFF51A98233B342342B74A9A9D">Description of four new species of Burrowing Frogs in the Fejervarya rufescens complex (Dicroglossidae) with notes on morphological affinities of Fejervarya species in the Western Ghats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A1481ED17F929E70D781691867CF259">Garg, Sonali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33583E7980EE23969291C5561A10CBBA">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2E16CD28E45C6C0684D013068D0A294F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="61717AC53C213FBA45073BF3EE10C861">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="3D41511C9C7692B502D429940B504F94" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039287B73131FF84FF5DB3C2D41BF840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052425" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052425" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D9AF4ACC-6820-44EA-8A06-79DA7E39DAB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287B73131FF84FF5DB3C2D41BF840" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<subSubSection id="C321652A3131FF81FF5DB3C2D4D2FCFE" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF5DB3C2D73DFCA6" blockId="27.[151,1208,752,885]" box="[151,523,752,777]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<heading id="D0CC81CD3131FF81FF5DB3C2D73DFCA6" bold="true" box="[151,523,752,777]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF5DB3C2D73DFCA6" bold="true" box="[151,523,752,777]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FF5DB3C2D49DFCA6" ID-CoL="6HQR6" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,427,752,777]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF5DB3C2D49DFCA6" bold="true" box="[151,427,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FE78B3C2D73DFCA6" box="[434,523,752,777]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF5DB226D4D2FCFE" blockId="27.[151,1208,752,885]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D9AF4ACC-6820-44EA-8A06-79DA7E39DAB7 Manoharan’s Burrowing Frog</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321652A3131FF81FF5DB26ED4E9FCDA" box="[151,479,860,885]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF5DB26ED4E9FCDA" blockId="27.[151,1208,752,885]" box="[151,479,860,885]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6B9031A3131FF81FF54B26ED42BFCDA" box="[158,285,860,885]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 4" captionStart-2="TABLE 5" captionStart-3="TABLE 6" captionStart-4="TABLE 7" captionStartId-0="11.[125,217,515,539]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,239,940,963]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,239,581,604]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,239,1081,1104]" captionStartId-4="18.[119,204,562,584]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. List of DNA sequences used in the study. Taxa are arranged in the order of their phylogenetic position in Figure 1 (Top to bottom)." captionText-1="TABLE 4. Factor loadings and percent variance explained by Principal Component (PC) 1 – 5 for 17 size-corrected morphometric variables from males of five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. Values in bold indicate variables with the highest loadings." captionText-2="TABLE 5. Scores for discriminant function analysis of the principal components (PC 1 – 5). Values in bold indicate variables with the highest loadings for discriminant function roots of eigenvalue> 1.0." captionText-3="TABLE 6. Classification matrix for adult male specimens of the Fejervarya rufescens group from the discriminant function analysis." captionText-4="TABLE 7. Morphometric measurements for five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The status of each specimen is given the museum number: Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Referred specimen (RS)." pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Tables 1–7</tableCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13002A243131FF81FEE3B26ED4A5FCDA" box="[297,403,860,885]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1435,204,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1424,193,1582]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,197,1739]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,180,1813]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,1495]" captionTargetBox-5="[158,1434,882,1697]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1597]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1744]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,180,1818]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1497]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[151,1437,879,1704]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on the 16 S mitochondrial DNA dataset of 545 basepairs. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. The uncorrected pairwise distances between species in the Fejervarya rufescens group are shown near the clade labels. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analyses. A. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on mitochondrial (16 S, COI and Cytb) and nuclear (Rag 1) DNA of 2314 basepairs, showing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fejervarya rufescens group. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. Fejervarya granosa (2) was used as the outgroup taxon. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1; B. Median Joining haplotype network inferred from 554 basepair fragment of the nuclear Rag 1 gene. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of haplotypes, branch lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps, and black bars represent mutational steps. Number of individuals used for each species: Fejervarya cepfi (3), Fejervarya kadar (1), Fejervarya manoharani (3), Fejervarya neilcoxi (2), and Fejervarya rufescens (5)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of five species in Fejervarya rufescens group of the Western Ghats, Peninsular India. The Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot region is shown in orange colour. Locality details are referenced in Table 3." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Four morphologically recognized Fejervarya groups in the Western Ghats. A – B. Fejervarya nilagirica group: A. Fejervarya nilagirica in life (male, SDBDU 2014.2772); B. Fejervarya keralensis in life (male, SDBDU 2015.3139); C. Fejervarya rufescens group, Fejervarya rufescens in life (male, SDBDU 2015.3070); D. Fejervarya sahyadris group, Fejervarya sahyadris in life (male, SDBDU 2015.3046); E – F. Fejervarya syhadrensis group: E. Fejervarya syhadrensis in life (male, SDBDU 2015.2934); F. Fejervarya granosa in life (male, SDBDU 2014.2541). Numbers on the panels represents: 1. dorsal view, 2. ventral view of foot showing the inner metatarsal tubercle, 3. schematic illustration of foot webbing, 4. thighs showing the marking and colour pattern, 5. lateral view showing the groin markings." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Morphological comparison between members of the genus Sphaerotheca and Fejervarya rufescens group of the Western Ghats. A – H. Genus Sphaerotheca: A – E. Sphaerotheca cf. breviceps, in life (SDBDU 2014.2822): A. dorsolateral view, B. ventral view, C. ventral skin texture, D. lateral view showing the groin markings, E. thighs showing the marking and colour pattern; F – H. Inner metatarsal tubercle: F. Sphaerotheca breviceps (syntype ZMB 3351), G. S. dobsonii (Holotype BMNH 1947.2.28.45), H. S. rolandae (Holotype BMNH 1973.3024). I – R. Fejervarya rufescens group: I – K. F. rufescens in life (SDBDU 2015.3070): I. dorsolateral view, J. ventral view, K. ventral skin texture; L – M. F. kadar sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 940): L. lateral view showing the groin markings, M. thighs showing the marking and colour pattern; N – R. Inner metatarsal tubercle: N. F. cepfi sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 937), O. F. kadar sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 940), P. F. manoharani sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 945), Q. F. neilcoxi sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 951), R. F. rufescens (SDBDU 2015.3070)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. PCA plot for the first two principal component axes showing morphometric differentiation among adult males of five species in the Fejervarya rufescens groups of the Western Ghats. Factor loadings for each component are provided in Table 4." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/829835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/829837/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/829839/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/829841/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/829843/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/829845/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13002A243131FF81FE55B26FD499FCDA" box="[415,431,861,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13002A243131FF81FE71B26FD4E0FCDA" box="[443,470,861,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1437,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Holotype of Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 945): A. dorsolateral view, in life; B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829855/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321652A3131FF81FF5DB296D021FBAB" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF5DB296D021FBAB" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF5DB296D420FC12" bold="true" box="[151,278,932,957]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Etymology</emphasis>
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. This species is named for Mr TM Manoharan, who severed as the Head of
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF8433131FF81FBB2B296D1F5FC12" box="[1144,1219,932,957]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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Forest Department for over a decade, for providing encouragement as well as personal financial support to SDB during the initial phases of his scientific career. The species epithet
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FD01B2DED662FBAA" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[715,852,1004,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FD01B2DED662FBAA" box="[715,852,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">manoharani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is treated as a noun in the genitive case.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C321652A3131FF81FF0DB522D1B1F98E" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF0DB522D071FBE2" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC3131FF81FF0DB522D071FBE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402624" collectingDate="2013-08-04" collectionCode="WGRC" country="India" elevation="460" location="Chathankod-Bonnacaud" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram district" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF0DB522D40DFB86" bold="true" box="[199,315,1040,1065]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<typeStatus id="548088033131FF81FF0DB522D400FB86" box="[199,310,1040,1065]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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ZSI/
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FEBDB522D4FBFB86" box="[375,461,1040,1065]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">WGRC</collectionCode>
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/V/A/945, an adult male, from
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(0840’24.0’’N 7709’12.25’’E,
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asl
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),
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB3131FF81FED1B506D768FBE2" box="[283,606,1076,1101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Thiruvananthapuram district</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF8433131FF81FDA3B506D782FBE2" box="[617,692,1076,1101]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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state,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76313131FF81FD36B506D60EFBE2" box="[764,824,1076,1101]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">India</collectingCountry>
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, collected by SDB and SG on 0
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<collectingDate id="EFC1E9893131FF81FB51B507D072FBE2" box="[1179,1348,1077,1101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" value="2013-08-04">
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<date id="FF8510613131FF81FB51B507D072FBE2" box="[1179,1348,1077,1101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" value="2013-08-04">4 August 2013</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF0DB56AD748FB16" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC3131FF81FF0DB56AD748FB16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402626" collectingDate="2015-06-24" collectionCode="WGRC" country="India" elevation="460" location="Chathankod-Bonnacaud" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram district" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF0DB56AD470FBDE" bold="true" box="[199,326,1112,1137]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033131FF81FF0DB56AD477FBDE" box="[199,321,1112,1137]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FE49B56AD4EFFBDE" box="[387,473,1112,1137]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">WGRC</collectionCode>
|
||
/V/A/946–947, two adult males, and ZSI/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FC74B56BD122FBDE" box="[958,1044,1113,1137]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">WGRC</collectionCode>
|
||
/V/A/948–949, two adult females, collected along with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033131FF81FE08B54ED71EFB3A" box="[450,552,1148,1173]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; ZSI/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FDA6B54ED7F7FB3A" box="[620,705,1148,1173]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">WGRC</collectionCode>
|
||
/V/A/950, an adult male, from the same locality as holotype, collected by SDB and SG on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9893131FF81FE2BB593D74CFB16" box="[481,634,1184,1209]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" value="2015-06-24">
|
||
<date id="FF8510613131FF81FE2BB593D74CFB16" box="[481,634,1184,1209]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" value="2015-06-24">24 June 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF0DB5F6D064FA8A" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC3131FF81FF0DB5F6D064FA8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402622" collectingDate="2011-09-03" collectionCode="SDBDU" country="India" county="These" elevation="130" latitude="8.917945" location="Kattalapara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09534" municipality="Kollam district" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" specimenCode="SDBDU 2013.2669, SDBDU 2011.275" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF0DB5F6D4C4FB72" bold="true" box="[199,498,1220,1245]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Other referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA3131FF81FE36B5F7D7E9FB72" box="[508,735,1220,1245]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FE36B5F7D76DFB72" box="[508,603,1221,1245]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">SDBDU</collectionCode>
|
||
2013.2669
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, collected along with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033131FF81FBC5B5F6D142FB72" box="[1039,1140,1220,1245]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA3131FF81FB49B5F7D061FB72" box="[1155,1367,1220,1245]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FB49B5F7D1D4FB72" box="[1155,1250,1221,1245]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">SDBDU</collectionCode>
|
||
2011.275
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, from
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A3131FF81FF5DB5DAD42DFAAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B73131FF84FF5DB3C2D41BF840:8EE4607A3131FF81FF5DB5DAD42DFAAE" box="[151,283,1256,1281]" country="India" county="These" latitude="8.917945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09534" municipality="Kollam district" name="Kattalapara" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" stateProvince="Kerala">Kattalapara</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A3131FF81FEE1B5DAD487FAAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B73131FF84FF5DB3C2D41BF840:8EE4607A3131FF81FEE1B5DAD487FAAE" box="[299,433,1256,1281]" country="India" county="These" latitude="8.917945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.09534" municipality="Kollam district" name="Shendurney" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" stateProvince="Kerala">Shendurney</location>
|
||
WLS (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0F50663131FF81FDC1B5DAD799FAAE" box="[523,687,1256,1281]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" precision="1" value="8.917945">08°55’04.6’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0F50663131FF81FD70B5DAD66DFAAE" box="[698,859,1256,1281]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" precision="1" value="77.09534">77°05’43.2’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0016D1923131FF81FCA6B5DBD6D0FAAE" box="[876,998,1256,1281]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="130.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443131FF81FCA6B5DBD68EFAAF" box="[876,952,1257,1281]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
|
||
asl
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB3131FF81FC35B5DAD199FAAE" box="[1023,1199,1256,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Kollam district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8433131FF81FB75B5DAD03CFAAE" box="[1215,1290,1256,1281]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76313131FF81FA91B5DAD0A1FAAE" box="[1371,1431,1256,1281]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by SDB and team on 0
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9893131FF81FDC8B43FD7E6FA8A" box="[514,720,1292,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" value="2011-09-03">
|
||
<date id="FF8510613131FF81FDC8B43FD7E6FA8A" box="[514,720,1292,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" value="2011-09-03">3 September 2011</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E54E2D3131FF81FD10B43ED62BFA8A" box="[730,797,1292,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">These</collectingCounty>
|
||
samples were only used for genetic identification.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF0DB402D1B1F98E" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF0DB402D489FAE6" bold="true" box="[199,447,1328,1353]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Genetic relationship.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FD44B403D6ACFAE6" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[654,922,1328,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FD44B403D6ACFAE6" box="[654,922,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FC6BB402D6CDFAE6" box="[929,1019,1328,1353]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FC6BB402D6CDFAE6" bold="true" box="[929,1019,1328,1353]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is nested in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FB65B403D0AAFAE6" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[1199,1436,1329,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB65B403D0AAFAE6" box="[1199,1436,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243131FF81FF2DB466D466FAC2" box="[231,336,1364,1389]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1435,204,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1424,193,1582]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on the 16 S mitochondrial DNA dataset of 545 basepairs. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. The uncorrected pairwise distances between species in the Fejervarya rufescens group are shown near the clade labels. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analyses. A. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on mitochondrial (16 S, COI and Cytb) and nuclear (Rag 1) DNA of 2314 basepairs, showing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fejervarya rufescens group. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. Fejervarya granosa (2) was used as the outgroup taxon. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1; B. Median Joining haplotype network inferred from 554 basepair fragment of the nuclear Rag 1 gene. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of haplotypes, branch lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps, and black bars represent mutational steps. Number of individuals used for each species: Fejervarya cepfi (3), Fejervarya kadar (1), Fejervarya manoharani (3), Fejervarya neilcoxi (2), and Fejervarya rufescens (5)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/829835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/829837/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8433131FF81FE6DB467D734FAC3" box="[423,514,1365,1388]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats. The average uncorrected pairwise genetic divergences with other members of the group are: 4.4% (range 4.1–4.9%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FDACB44BD74FFA3F" box="[614,633,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 28) for 16S, 10.4% (range 10.1–10.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB94B44BD147FA3F" box="[1118,1137,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FB2FB44BD02EFA3E" box="[1253,1304,1401,1425]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
, and 11.0% (range 10.8–11.5%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FE4DB4ACD4ACFA1A" box="[391,410,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) for Cytb with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FD61B4ACD60EFA1A" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[683,824,1437,1461]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FD61B4ACD60EFA1A" box="[683,824,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 5.6% (5.6–5.8%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FBD5B4ACD104FA1A" box="[1055,1074,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 16) for 16S, 11.7% (range 11.7–11.8%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FEE0B4F3D40BFA77" box="[298,317,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FE69B4F3D4E0FA76" box="[419,470,1473,1497]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
, and 14.4% (range 14.1–14.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FC8FB4F3D66EFA77" box="[837,856,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) for Cytb with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FBFEB4F3D1B5FA76" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1076,1155,1473,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FBFEB4F3D1B5FA76" box="[1076,1155,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. cepfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FB44B4F2D1DEFA76" box="[1166,1256,1472,1497]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB44B4F2D1DEFA76" bold="true" box="[1166,1256,1472,1497]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; and 4.5% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FAB8B4F3D0B3FA77" box="[1394,1413,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) for 16S, 9.3% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FEA8B4D4D443FA52" box="[354,373,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE643131FF81FE13B4D7D73AFA52" box="[473,524,1509,1533]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
, and 12.5% (range 12.3–12.5%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FCB6B4D4D6B9FA52" box="[892,911,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) for Cytb with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FBA0B4D4D1F1FA52" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1130,1223,1508,1533]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FBA0B4D4D1F1FA52" box="[1130,1223,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. kadar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FB04B4D6D01EFA52" box="[1230,1320,1508,1533]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB04B4D6D01EFA52" bold="true" box="[1230,1320,1508,1533]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Table 2). For comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FE4DB73BD4CAF98E" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[391,508,1544,1569]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FE4DB73BD4CAF98E" box="[391,508,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. neilcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FDC8B73AD76AF98E" box="[514,604,1544,1569]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FDC8B73AD76AF98E" bold="true" box="[514,604,1544,1569]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
see ‘Genetic relationship’ section of that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A3131FF87FF0DB71ED4C6FB56" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF0DB71ED5EDF826" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF0DB71ED477F9EA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1580,1605]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FE86B71CD76AF9EA" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[332,604,1580,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FE86B71CD76AF9EA" box="[332,604,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FDADB71ED7F2F9EA" box="[615,708,1580,1605]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FDADB71ED7F2F9EA" bold="true" box="[615,708,1580,1605]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: (1) medium male adult size (SVL 28.1–30.0 mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB6BB763D182F9C7" box="[1185,1204,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (2) stout body; (3) snout rounded in dorsal view and vertical in lateral view; (4) presence of rictal gland at labial commissure of the mouth; (5) head wider than long (male HW/HL ratio 105.5–107.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FC6EB7ABD681F91F" box="[932,951,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (6) horizontal diameter of eye nearly equal to snout length (male EL/SL ratio 93.0–97.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FD3DB78CD63CF97A" box="[759,778,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (7) tympanum diameter less than half of eye length, (male TYD/EL ratio 35.0–36.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FDD3B7D3D71AF957" box="[537,556,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (8) tympanum to eye distance nearly equal to tympanum diameter (male TYE/TYD ratio 92.9–100%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FE2DB634D4CCF8B2" box="[487,506,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (9) inter upper eyelid width narrower than upper eyelid width (male IUE/ UEW ratio 56.7–66.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FE79B61BD4F0F8EF" box="[435,454,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) and internarial distance (male IUE/IN ratio 68.0–79.2%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB5EB61BD191F8EF" box="[1172,1191,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (10) prominent shovel-shaped inner metatarsal tubercle prominent and small outer metatarsal tubercle; (11) webbing between toes small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13131FF81FF0DB6A6D769F85A" blockId="27.[151,1437,932,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF0DB6A6D72FF802" bold="true" box="[199,537,1940,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Morphological comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the overall morphology and comparable body size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FAD5B6A7D416F87E" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FAD5B6A7D416F87E" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FEECB68AD449F87E" box="[294,383,1976,2001]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FEECB68AD449F87E" bold="true" box="[294,383,1976,2001]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could be confused with the known species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FCAAB68BD6D3F87E" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[864,997,1977,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FCAAB68BD6D3F87E" box="[864,997,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FB2EB68BD003F87E" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1252,1333,1977,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FB2EB68BD003F87E" box="[1252,1333,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. cepfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FAF6B68AD0A3F87E" box="[1340,1429,1976,2001]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FAF6B68AD0A3F87E" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,1976,2001]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FF5DB6ECD5C6F85A" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,240,2012,2037]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF5DB6ECD5C6F85A" box="[151,240,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. kadar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FF31B6EED462F85A" box="[251,340,2012,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FF31B6EED462F85A" bold="true" box="[251,340,2012,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223131FF81FE41B6ECD4C9F85A" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[395,511,2012,2037]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FE41B6ECD4C9F85A" box="[395,511,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">F. neilcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83131FF81FDCFB6EED769F85A" box="[517,607,2012,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33131FF81FDCFB6EED769F85A" bold="true" box="[517,607,2012,2037]" pageId="27" pageNumber="478">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4466293136FF86FF5DB6A7D16DF847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829855/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1918]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13136FF86FF5DB6A7D16DF847" blockId="28.[151,1436,1940,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FF5DB6A7D428F805" bold="true" box="[151,286,1941,1963]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223136FF86FE68B6A4D7A2F805" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[418,660,1940,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FE68B6A4D7A2F805" box="[418,660,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FD50B6A7D7DFF805" bold="true" box="[666,745,1941,1962]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83136FF86FD50B6A7D7DFF805" box="[666,745,1941,1962]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSI/WGRC/V/A/945):
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FC2CB6A7D6C9F805" bold="true" box="[998,1023,1941,1962]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">A.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view, in life;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FACFB6A7D02BF805" bold="true" box="[1285,1309,1941,1962]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">B.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FE8DB681D469F866" bold="true" box="[327,351,1971,1993]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">C.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FD7AB686D7FEF866" bold="true" box="[688,712,1972,1993]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">D.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of head, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FBBAB686D1BEF866" bold="true" box="[1136,1160,1972,1993]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">E.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of hand, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FEEBB6E0D405F848" bold="true" box="[289,307,2002,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">F.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of foot, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33136FF86FD7EB6E0D7FFF847" bold="true" box="[692,713,2002,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">G.</emphasis>
|
||
schematic illustration of foot webbing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13137FF87FF0DB1AAD42DFD1E" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FEF5B1ABD766FF1F" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[319,592,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEF5B1ABD766FF1F" box="[319,592,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FD38B1ABD64AFF1F" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[754,892,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FD38B1ABD64AFF1F" box="[754,892,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its prominently glandular dorsal skin with interrupted linear warts (vs. shagreened to granular without prominent warts); snout rounded in dorsal view (vs. subovoid) and vertical in lateral view (vs. rounded); relatively smaller snout-vent size, male SVL 28.1–30.0 mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FA43B1D3D0AAFF57" box="[1417,1436,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. larger, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FE0FB036D75AFEB3" box="[453,620,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.315" metricValueMax="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMin="3.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="33.15" valueMax="35.8" valueMin="30.5">30.5–35.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FDB3B037D7BBFEB3" box="[633,653,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); head wider than long, male HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB87B036D1C4FEB3" box="[1101,1266,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.145" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="11.45" valueMax="11.7" valueMin="11.2">11.2–11.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL 10.4–11.0 mm, HW/HL ratio 105.5–107.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FDEEB01BD701FEEF" box="[548,567,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. nearly equal, male HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC65B01AD162FE90" box="[943,1108,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="12.9" valueMin="11.1">11.1–12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL 11.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB04B01AD005FE90" box="[1230,1331,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="12.7">12.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW/HL ratio 100.8–101.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE42B07FD4ADFECB" box="[392,411,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); tympanum to eye distance nearly equal to tympanum diameter, male TYE
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FA82B07ED5F3FE28" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FEDAB05DD4AFFE28" box="[272,409,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYE/TYD ratio 92.9–100%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FD20B043D7CBFE27" box="[746,765,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. shorter, TYE
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC3CB042D148FE28" box="[1014,1150,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB00B05DD064FE28" box="[1226,1362,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYE/ TYD ratio 50.0–76.5%
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE6BB0A7D482FE03" box="[417,436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); thigh length shorter than foot length, male TL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FBCEB0A6D19CFE03" box="[1028,1194,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="13.2" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="12.9">12.9–13.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FOL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB38B0A6D0A1FE03" box="[1266,1431,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="14.65" valueMax="14.9" valueMin="14.4">14.4–14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL/FOL ratio 86.6–91.0%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE19B08BD4D0FE7F" box="[467,486,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. nearly equal, male TL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC92B085D136FE60" box="[856,1024,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.47" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="15.25" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="14.7">14.7–15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FOL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB86B085D1C5FE60" box="[1100,1267,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="15.35" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="14.8">14.8–15.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL/FOL ratio 98.0–99.4%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEE4B0EFD477FE5B" box="[302,321,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); shank length shorter than foot length, male SHL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC73B0EED156FE5B" box="[953,1120,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="1.3199999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="13.8" valueMin="13.2">13.2–13.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FOL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB61B0EED064FE5B" box="[1195,1362,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="14.65" valueMax="14.9" valueMin="14.4">14.4–14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SHL/ FOL ratio 89.9–92.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE60B333D48BFDB7" box="[426,445,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. nearly equal, male SHL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC8EB0CDD6DAFDB8" box="[836,1004,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.515" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="15.15" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="14.5">14.5–15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FOL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FBF2B0CDD1D6FDB8" box="[1080,1248,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="15.35" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="14.8">14.8–15.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SHL/FOL ratio 97.3–99.4%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEE6B31AD409FD90" box="[300,319,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); and relatively less webbing between toes, male I2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FC74B315D6E8FD90" box="[958,990,551,575]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2II</date>
|
||
2– –3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FBDDB315D16BFD90" box="[1047,1117,551,575]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">III2–3</date>
|
||
1/
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FBA6B307D1A5FD90" box="[1132,1171,551,579]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">3IV</date>
|
||
3 1/3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FB0CB315D1D1FD90" box="[1222,1255,551,575]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2V</date>
|
||
, specifically the fourth toe webbing below the second subarticular tubercle on either side (vs. more webbing, male
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FF5DB347D598FD22" box="[151,174,629,653]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">I2</date>
|
||
– –
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FF0FB347D5D3FD22" box="[197,229,629,653]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2II</date>
|
||
2– –3–III2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FE9DB347D4B7FD22" box="[343,385,629,653]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">3IV</date>
|
||
3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FE56B347D489FD22" box="[412,447,629,653]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2V</date>
|
||
, specifically the fourth toe webbing extending up to the second subarticular tubercle on either side).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13137FF87FF0DB38FD4C6FB56" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FF0DB38FD4E2FD7A" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,468,700,725]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FF0DB38FD4E2FD7A" box="[199,468,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FDA2B38FD78CFD7A" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[616,698,701,725]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FDA2B38FD78CFD7A" box="[616,698,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">F. cepfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dorsal skin with relatively more prominent glandular warts (vs. less); snout vertical in lateral view (vs. obtuse) and rounded in dorsal view (vs. subovoid); head wider than long, male HL 10.4–11.0 mm, HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FDF2B237D7E9FCB3" box="[568,735,773,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.145" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="11.45" valueMax="11.7" valueMin="11.2">11.2–11.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW/HL ratio 105.5–107.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FB8EB237D161FCB3" box="[1092,1111,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. head length nearly equal to head width, male HL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FE38B21BD7A1FCEF" box="[498,663,809,833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.4" valueMin="11.1">11.1–12.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FD11B21BD6B6FCEF" box="[731,896,809,833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="11.7" valueMax="12.2" valueMin="11.2">11.2–12.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW/HL ratio 98.4–100.9%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FB1AB21BD1D5FCEF" box="[1232,1251,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); horizontal diameter of eye relatively larger or nearly equal to snout length, male EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC03B27FD167FCCB" box="[969,1105,845,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SL 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB7FB27FD03AFCCB" box="[1205,1292,845,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL/SL ratio 93.0–97.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEE6B243D409FC27" box="[300,319,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. smaller, male EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FDA9B242D7DDFC27" box="[611,747,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FCD7B242D693FC27" box="[797,933,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="4.699999999999999" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="4.6">4.6–4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL/SL ratio 72.9–73.9%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FB05B243D1D4FC27" box="[1231,1250,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); tympanum diameter less than half of horizontal diameter of eye, male TYD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC5FB2A6D114FC03" box="[917,1058,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB94B2A7D1DDFC03" box="[1118,1259,917,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYD/EL ratio 35.0–36.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEFAB28BD475FC7F" box="[304,323,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. nearly half, male TYD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FD00B28BD613FC7F" box="[714,805,953,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FCA8B28AD6D9FC7F" box="[866,1007,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYD/EL ratio 51.4–52.9%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FA8EB28BD061FC7F" box="[1348,1367,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); tympanum to eye distance equal or nearly equal to tympanum diameter, male TYE
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FBF0B2EFD1F5FC5B" box="[1082,1219,989,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FAC5B2EED0AEFC5B" box="[1295,1432,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYE/TYD ratio 92.9–100%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE28B533D4C3FBB7" box="[482,501,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. relatively shorter, male TYE
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC63B532D102FBB7" box="[937,1076,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYD
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB48B533D1EAFBB7" box="[1154,1244,1025,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TYE/TYD ratio 83.3–88.9%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEE7B517D476FB93" box="[301,320,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); inter upper eyelid width narrower than upper eyelid width, male IUE 1.7–2.0 mm, UEW 3.0 mm, IUE/UEW ratio 56.7–66.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FDE9B57BD700FBCF" box="[547,566,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. nearly equal, male IUE
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC65B57AD10FFBCF" box="[943,1081,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, UEW
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB45B57AD02FFBCF" box="[1167,1305,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, IUE/UEW ratio 96.0–96.2%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEA0B55FD44BFB2B" box="[362,381,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); inter upper eyelid width narrower than internarial distance, male IUE 1.7–2.0 mm, IN
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FF5DB5A2D417FB07" box="[151,289,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, IUE/IN ratio 68.0–79.2%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FD97B5A3D746FB07" box="[605,624,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. nearly equal, male IUE
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FC23B5A2D145FB07" box="[1001,1139,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, IN
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB6CB5A2D1C9FB07" box="[1190,1279,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, IUE/IN ratio 96–100%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FEDCB58AD41FFB60" box="[278,297,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); relatively less webbing between toes, male I2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FC66B585D6FAFB60" box="[940,972,1207,1231]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2II</date>
|
||
2– –3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FBCFB585D17DFB60" box="[1029,1099,1207,1231]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">III2–3</date>
|
||
1/
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FB91B5F4D1B4FB60" box="[1115,1154,1207,1236]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">3IV</date>
|
||
3 1/3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FB7EB585D1E3FB60" box="[1204,1237,1207,1231]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2V</date>
|
||
(vs. more, male
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FF5DB5D3D598FB56" box="[151,174,1249,1273]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">I1</date>
|
||
+–2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FF11B5D3D5CDFB56" box="[219,251,1249,1273]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">II1</date>
|
||
+–3–III2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FEA9B5D3D4A6FB56" box="[355,400,1249,1273]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">3IV</date>
|
||
3–1 1/
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FE0EB5DDD4D2FB56" box="[452,484,1249,1277]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2V</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A3137FF84FF0DB43AD007F922" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13137FF87FF0DB43AD603F9C0" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FF0DB43AD4E1FA8F" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,471,1287,1312]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FF0DB43AD4E1FA8F" box="[199,471,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FDBDB43AD7E1FA8F" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[631,727,1287,1312]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FDBDB43AD7E1FA8F" box="[631,727,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">F. kadar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dorsal skin with more prominent glandular warts (vs. scattered glandular warts); snout vertical in lateral view (vs. obtuse); relatively smaller snout-vent size, male SVL 28.1–30.0 mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE83B462D46BFAC8" box="[329,349,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. larger, male SVL 31.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FD04B47DD602FAC8" box="[718,820,1359,1384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="33.5">33.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FC8BB462D662FAC8" box="[833,852,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3); eye length relatively longer than head length, male EL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FF34B446D4BEFA24" box="[254,392,1396,1420]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL 10.4–11.0 mm, EL/HL ratio 36.7 – 37.5%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FC6DB447D68CFA23" box="[935,954,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. shorter, male EL 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FAD8B446D05DFA24" box="[1298,1387,1396,1420]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FF5DB4AAD408FA00" box="[151,318,1432,1456]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" metricValueMax="1.21" metricValueMin="1.17" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="11.899999999999999" valueMax="12.1" valueMin="11.7">11.7–12.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL/HL ratio 33.6–34.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FDB1B4AAD7B8FA00" box="[635,654,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3); forearm length relatively shorter than hand length, male FAL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FF5DB489D412FA7C" box="[151,292,1467,1492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="5.1">5.1–5.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HAL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FEBDB489D732FA7C" box="[375,516,1467,1492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.4">6.4–6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FAL/HAL ratio 76.8–79.7%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FCA0B48FD64BFA7B" box="[874,893,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 (vs. longer, male FAL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FB0CB489D065FA7C" box="[1222,1363,1467,1492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="5.95" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="5.7">5.7–6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HAL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443137FF87FF5DB4EDD41AFA58" box="[151,300,1503,1528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="6.85" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="6.6">6.6–7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, FAL/HAL ratio 85.3–87.3%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FD7FB4D2D7FEFA58" box="[693,712,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3); and relatively more webbing between toes, male I2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FF77B735D5EBF9B0" box="[189,221,1543,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2II</date>
|
||
2– –3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FEDCB735D46AF9B0" box="[278,348,1543,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">III2–3</date>
|
||
1/
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FEA6B727D4A4F9B0" box="[364,402,1543,1571]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">3IV</date>
|
||
3 1/3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FE0EB735D4D3F9B0" box="[452,485,1543,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2V</date>
|
||
, specifically the fourth toe webbing extending close to the second subarticular tubercle on either side (vs. less, male
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FDF3B702D766F9E7" box="[569,592,1584,1608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">I2</date>
|
||
– –2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FDB6B702D7ABF9E7" box="[636,669,1584,1608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">II2</date>
|
||
– –3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FD02B702D638F9E7" box="[712,782,1584,1608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">III2–3</date>
|
||
2/
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FCD7B70CD672F9E7" box="[797,836,1584,1612]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">3IV</date>
|
||
3 2/3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613137FF87FCBCB702D6A1F9E7" box="[886,919,1584,1608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">2V</date>
|
||
, specifically the fourth toe webbing extending slightly above the third subarticular tubercle on either side).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13137FF87FF0DB749D19AF93C" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,2003]" box="[199,1196,1658,1683]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
For differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223137FF87FE7AB74ED7BAF93C" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[432,652,1658,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE7AB74ED7BAF93C" box="[432,652,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">Fejervarya neilcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see ‘morphological comparison’ of that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13137FF84FF0DB7ACD1B9FE1E" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,2003]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FF0DB7ACD7CAF918" bold="true" box="[199,764,1694,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033137FF87FEB3B7ACD4D6F918" box="[377,480,1694,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="480" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33137FF87FE22B7ACD7C3F918" bold="true" box="[488,757,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="480">(measurements in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (SVL 30.0), rather stout; head wider than long (HW 11.7, HL 11.0); snout rounded in dorsal view and vertical in lateral view, its length (SL 4.4) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 4.1); loreal region acute with rounded canthus rostralis; interorbital space flat (IUE 2.0), narrower than upper eyelid width (UEW 3.0) and internarial distance (IN 2.6); nostril nearly as close to tip of snout (NS 1.9) and to eye (EN 2.0); tympanum (TYD 1.5) 36.6% of eye diameter (EL 4.1); tympanum-eye distance (TYE 1.4) subequal to the tympanum diameter (TYD 1.5); supratympanic fold well developed, extends from posterior corner of eye to near the shoulder; vomerine ridge present, bearing small teeth, at an angle of 45° to the body axis, as close to choanae as to each other; tongue moderately large, emarginated, bearing no median lingual process; rictal gland present at labial commissure of the mouth. Arms short, forearm length (FAL 5.4) shorter than hand length (HAL 6.8); relative length of fingers IV<II<I<III (FL I 3.2, FL II 2.5, FL III 3.8, FL IV 2.0); finger tips rounded, slightly enlarged without discs, fingers without fringes, webbing between fingers absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, circular; one distinct palmar tubercle, oval, bifid; supernumerary tubercles absent. Hind limbs short, thigh (TL 13.5) shorter than shank (SHL 13.8) and foot (FOL 14.9), distance from the base of tarsus to the tip of toe IV (TFOL 21.2); toes long, relative length of toes I<II<V<III<IV; toe tips rounded, slightly enlarged without discs, toes without fringes, webbing between toes small: I2–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613134FF84FCF7B07DD668FEC8" box="[829,862,335,359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">2II</date>
|
||
2– –3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613134FF84FC5DB07DD6EBFEC8" box="[919,989,335,359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">III2–3</date>
|
||
1/
|
||
<date id="FF8510613134FF84FC26B06CD125FEC8" box="[1004,1043,335,364]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">3IV</date>
|
||
3 1/3–
|
||
<date id="FF8510613134FF84FB8CB07DD15EFEC8" box="[1094,1128,335,359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">2V</date>
|
||
; inner toe length (ITL 2.3); subarticular tubercles prominent, all present, circular; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, shovel-shaped (IMT 1.8); outer metatarsal tubercle small (OMT 0.4), rounded; supernumerary tubercles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB08ED79FFD29" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
Skin of snout shagreened with prominent granular projections and interrupted linear warts, upper eyelids prominently tuberculate, anterior and posterior parts of back, and upper and lower parts of flank shagreened with prominent granular projections and scattered glandular warts; interrupted inverse V-shaped ridge on center of dorsum; dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh and shank shagreened with scattered granular projections. Ventral surface of throat, chest, belly and limbs smooth to shagreened, anterior part of thigh sparsely granular; fejervaryan line present on both sides of the belly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FD83B35FD7AAFD29" box="[585,668,621,646]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1437,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Holotype of Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 945): A. dorsolateral view, in life; B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829855/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB3A2D4E0FBA3" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FF0DB3A2D486FD06" bold="true" box="[199,432,656,681]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033134FF84FE88B3A2D49DFD06" box="[322,427,656,681]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FE72B3A0D735FD06" box="[440,515,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">In life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum, upper eyelids and lateral side of snout yellowish-brown with prominent greyish-brown blotches and a few brick red spots, upper and lower lip with faint alternate greyish-brown and white cross bands; tympanum dark greyish-brown; anterior parts of flank light greyish-brown with scattered white mottling; forelimbs and hind limbs light yellowish-brown with greyish-brown transverse bands and scattered brick red spots; groin yellowish-brown; webbing light greyish-brown; anterior part of thigh light yellowish-brown with greyish-brown reticulations. Ventral surface of throat light flesh red with two lateral black calling patches; belly white; forearm and foreleg light flesh red with dark brown mottling on the margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FBA2B257D18CFCD1" box="[1128,1210,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1437,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Holotype of Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 945): A. dorsolateral view, in life; B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829855/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FB22B255D0A2FCD2" box="[1256,1428,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">In preservation</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum dark greyish-brown with blackish-brown markings, forelimbs and hind limbs light brown with dark brown transverse bands, posterior parts of thigh light brown with faint dark brown reticulations. Ventral surface of throat light grey with two lateral black calling patches on either side; belly off-white and margins of the limbs grey with dark grey mottling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FEBCB2C1D4FEFBA3" box="[374,456,1011,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1437,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Holotype of Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. (ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 945): A. dorsolateral view, in life; B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829855/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB524D463FB35" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FF0DB524D47CFB80" bold="true" box="[199,330,1046,1071]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data from four adult males and two adult females, including the holotype, is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B9031A3134FF84FF7CB508D439FBFD" box="[182,271,1082,1107]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="18.[119,204,562,584]" captionText="TABLE 7. Morphometric measurements for five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The status of each specimen is given the museum number: Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Referred specimen (RS)." pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FED6B508D717FBFD" box="[284,545,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Colour in preservation</emphasis>
|
||
. ZSI/WGRC/V/A/947 and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/949: dorsum light-greyish brown with dark brown markings; ZSI/WGRC/V/A/950: dorsum light-greyish brown with more prominent dark blackishbrown markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB597D66DFB4E" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FF0DB597D711FB11" bold="true" box="[199,551,1189,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FDFAB597D75FFB11" box="[560,617,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: calling patches on either side of the throat.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FBBAB597D1F3FB11" box="[1136,1221,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSI/WGRC/V/A/ 948): pigmented eggs present (diameter 1.9 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC39B443134FF84FD51B5FBD7C5FB4F" box="[667,755,1225,1249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FD34B5FBD627FB4F" box="[766,785,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 15).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB5D9D483FA73" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FF0DB5D9D457FAAB" bold="true" box="[199,353,1259,1284]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
A male (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/950, from Chathankod-Bonnacaud) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FB95B5DFD059FAAB" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1119,1391,1259,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FB95B5DFD059FAAB" box="[1119,1391,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83134FF84FAB0B5D9D5FEFA87" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FAB0B5D9D5FEFA87" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
produced a single
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033134FF84FE6EB422D4E2FA87" box="[420,468,1296,1320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of call with a pulsatile temporal structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FC03B43DD121FA88" box="[969,1047,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E–G). Calls were not delivered in groups and had uniform intervals. A typical advertisement call (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FCAEB400D693FAE4" box="[868,933,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
F) had a duration of 260.1 ms with 76 pulses delivered at rate of 301.5 pulses per second. Call had a rise time of 127.2 ms and a short fall time of 11.7 ms. The spectrum was characterized by two broad peaks with the overall dominant frequency of 2.6 KHz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FB35B44BD075FA3D" box="[1279,1347,1401,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
H). The animal was recorded on
|
||
<date id="FF8510613134FF84FE64B4ACD77EFA19" box="[430,584,1437,1462]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" value="2015-06-24">24 June 2015</date>
|
||
, between 19:00–21:00 hours. Air temperature at the time of recording: dry bulb 25◦C, wet bulb 24◦C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB4DAD007F922" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
In comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FE40B4DAD741FA50" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[394,631,1511,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FE40B4DAD741FA50" box="[394,631,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FD31B4DAD6A9FA50" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[763,927,1510,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FD31B4DAD6A9FA50" box="[763,927,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a higher number of pulses, 76 pulses (vs. 52 pulses in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FEE9B739D49EF98C" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[291,424,1547,1571]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FEE9B739D49EF98C" box="[291,424,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and was delivered at a faster rate, 301.5 pulses per second (vs. 227.1 pulses per second in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FF5DB71DD412F9E9" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,292,1582,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FF5DB71DD412F9E9" box="[151,292,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The overall dominant frequency of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FD32B71DD6B0F9E9" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[760,902,1582,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FD32B71DD6B0F9E9" box="[760,902,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
call (2.9 KHz) was higher compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FA4DB71DD416F9C5" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FA4DB71DD416F9C5" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.6 KHz). The call rise time was also higher in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FC58B760D129F9C5" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[914,1055,1618,1642]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FC58B760D129F9C5" box="[914,1055,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 221.9 ms (vs. 127.2 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FA4DB760D416F922" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FA4DB760D416F922" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">F. manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), making the calls of both these species considerably distinct from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FB5FB746D1D4F922" box="[1173,1250,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 8F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A3134FF84FF0DB7AAD41BF840" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13134FF84FF0DB7AAD41BF840" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FF0DB7AAD76EF91E" bold="true" box="[199,600,1688,1713]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FDA9B7ABD645F91E" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[611,883,1688,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FDA9B7ABD645F91E" box="[611,883,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83134FF84FCB7B7AAD6EDF91E" box="[893,987,1688,1713]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FCB7B7AAD6EDF91E" bold="true" box="[893,987,1688,1713]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is currently known only from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="548088033134FF84FAA6B7ABD0AAF91E" box="[1388,1436,1689,1713]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Chathankod–Bonnacad, and Kattalapara (Shendurney WLS) in Agasthyamala hills, south of both the Palghat gap and Shencottah gap in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8433134FF84FD98B7D2D79BF958" box="[594,685,1760,1783]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8433134FF84FC90B7EDD693F957" box="[858,933,1759,1784]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A243134FF84FC7FB7EDD6CDF958" box="[949,1019,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of five species in Fejervarya rufescens group of the Western Ghats, Peninsular India. The Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot region is shown in orange colour. Locality details are referenced in Table 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829839/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). During the monsoon period (June– July), aggregations of a large number of calling males were observed around temporary water collections on open rocky areas surrounded with secondary forest. Though breeding activity was not observed at that time, we collected tadpoles of this species (genetically confirmed) from water puddles on the vegetated edges of large rocky areas, suggesting that this species probably breeds early, either immediately after the summer showers or during the initial monsoon period (May–June). Like other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223134FF84FCC4B6A3D6CBF806" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[782,1021,1937,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33134FF84FCC4B6A3D6CBF806" box="[782,1021,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, animals are usually sensitive and with any slight movement around them they immediately stop calling, jump away and try to hide inside nearby muddy areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |