plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/92/87/039287A3FE25373723C76C14FD0FFF7A.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

542 lines
70 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="81BDFBBD6CC1242255CF0988206A9D4C" ID-CLB-Dataset="46097" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16f488d9-eb77-4ff5-a7ce-99eeb7875371" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252218" ID-ZooBank="D5E03502-7BD3-41F4-A4CF-5537B1462A23" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460404217522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Makarkin, Vladimir N. &amp; Archibald, S. Bruce" docDate="2014" docId="039287A3FE25373723C76C14FD0FFF7A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03784p444.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3784 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Inocelliidae Navas 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="438" masterDocId="FFABFFDBFE06371223506A3EFFE0FF82" masterDocTitle="A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="436" updateTime="1698299590966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2F9F5ABA6C0C1E37C9F1909B494B9D68" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="83DB08E2C87836BD1E6C496A1BAB9451">
<mods:title id="A6B762BB718629FAFCC2F7ECA6216D86">A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BD6E89C9363426BFC5A640385A6DD0AD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E09650181299C37B1F52212878D0525C">
<mods:roleTerm id="8EAEDF8C6FA02CD68E03532E927D853D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="900AD4EEE09FC1380337729C7F6EB33B">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0A53B726F5AE96D56DC8D0C6A328B451" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3359AB18ECE6BC30DA0003B8832E8F1F">
<mods:roleTerm id="ABF4050367F55D279E34D06481414D69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D23E07DCEAE58EE6597D794029EB51A">Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9AB33848B2853FA8A84481F46CDA6486">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="60190FA35A17206C44B403FB281926DE" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="35421EE997300AE47C1BF69D45AE3431">
<mods:title id="4A8E1D802CFDA9EA886BEDF6816F766B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E43733805742E6B95FF1AB6A1343DB17">
<mods:date id="DED4559476D4169FFFC804DD2DBD2FE9">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6FBA4DE882B2CF56C39E5F0415BE0651" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5572FD44A06D204DE681A4F2767EA099">3784</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5581EF9631C699AA45B2FB65F46CF94E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7630B780B8B33BBFE3B90A7408CA8BF8">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="DC25A4C52E29243177289C96DEFBA462" unit="page">
<mods:start id="94ED51A0CB60902785DE7E3F43D19FF8">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E0C73354D07795202AA9FD6EB670BAF5">444</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BF57D291869FC460A89624F15180B96A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9C0D9075973CC7005C62D35292C5FA5E" type="CLB-Dataset">46097</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F86AE542D4A6E31A71BE198AFE624984" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB6ED61BBC6944A3FF72E2053A481258" type="GBIF-Dataset">16f488d9-eb77-4ff5-a7ce-99eeb7875371</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9ECEF7534E43D6DED284BC9885B36D8C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6BD7B12B4E3775833DECD0695FA2E024" type="Zenodo-Dep">252218</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5B00A507AB613F02B98C60E7C6A689A9" type="ZooBank">D5E03502-7BD3-41F4-A4CF-5537B1462A23</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039287A3FE25373723C76C14FD0FFF7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119420833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A3FE25373723C76C14FD0FFF7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A3FE25373723C76C14FD0FFF7A" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<subSubSection id="C321653EFE25373623C76C14FB1DFE56" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE25373123C76C14FDC4F9C6" blockId="35.[151,548,1578,1604]" box="[151,548,1578,1604]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<heading id="D0CC81D9FE25373123C76C14FDC4F9C6" bold="true" box="[151,548,1578,1604]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373123C76C14FDC4F9C6" bold="true" box="[151,548,1578,1604]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE25373123A66C14FDC4F9C6" ID-CoL="624VG" ID-ENA="140688" authority="Navas, 1913" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[246,548,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Inocelliidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE25373122DE6C14FDC4F9C6" author="Navas" box="[398,548,1578,1604]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Neuropteros del R. Museo Zoologico de Napoles. Annuario del [R.] Museo Zoologico della R. Universita di Napoli (N. S.), 4 (3), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE25373123C76C4EFB73F804" blockId="35.[151,1436,1648,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373123C76C4EFD6EF90B" bold="true" box="[151,654,1648,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Diagnostic character states of venation.</emphasis>
Pterostigma not enclosed by crossvein proximally; incorporated pterostigmal branches of RA absent. Forewing: 2scp-r located near termination of Sc; 3ra-rp always distad pterostigma; three crossveins between RA,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE25373121C26C87FD54F952" box="[658,692,1721,1744]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">RP</collectingCountry>
(few exceptions, below); stem of M+CuA always long (except
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE25373123C76CE3FE4AF974" authority="Yang, 1985" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,426,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Sininocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373123C76CE3FEFDF974" box="[151,285,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Sininocellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE25373122756CE0FE4AF974" author="Yang" box="[293,426,1757,1782]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" refString="Yang, C. K. (1985) A new genus and species of snakefly from Wuyishan (Raphidoptera [sic]: Inocelliidae). Wuyi Science Journal, 5, 25 - 28. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1985">Yang, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, where relatively short); four crossveins between R/
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE25373120AD6CE3FBFFF977" box="[1021,1055,1757,1781]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">RP</collectingCountry>
, M/MA; basal crossvein between R, M (1r-m) connect M, R; 4r-m present; in medial space, three crossveins forming three
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373127D16D3EFB44F89B" box="[1153,1188,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">doi</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373127E36D3EFB05F89B" box="[1203,1253,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">4doi</emphasis>
present, formed by MP, CuA, and two crossveins between MP, CuA (except few species, below); MP, CuA connect by two crossveins (MP, CuA apparently fused as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE25373121DB6D76FCF2F8E3" box="[651,786,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
in few species with two
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE253731277C6D76FBB0F8E3" box="[1068,1104,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">doi</emphasis>
, below); AA1 usually simple (few exceptions, below); rather long
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE25373121646D53FDBFF804" box="[564,607,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Alena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="free">free</taxonomicName>
basal portions of AA2, AA3 (before their fusion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE25373123976DAEFAD3F82B" blockId="35.[151,1436,1648,2033]" box="[199,1331,1936,1961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE25373123976DAEFF1FF82B" box="[199,255,1936,1961]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing: 2scp-r connects ScP and RA; 3ra-rp always distad pterostigma; CuP not fused with AA1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE25373623976D8BFDBBFF7E" blockId="35.[151,1436,1648,2033]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373123976D8BFEBFF84C" bold="true" box="[199,351,1973,1998]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Composition</emphasis>
. Seven extant genera (40 valid species):
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE253731200A6D8BFB67F84F" authority="Schneider, 1843" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1843" box="[858,1159,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE253731200A6D8BFC5EF84C" box="[858,958,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Inocellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE253731209C6D8BFB67F84F" author="Schneider" box="[972,1159,1973,1998]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" refString="Schneider, W. G. (1843) Monographia generis Rhaphidiae Linnaei. Dissertatio entomologica quam ordinis amplissimi philosophorum auctoritate ad summos in philosophia honores rite obtinendos in universitate litterarum Vratislaviensi die XXI. Septembris A. MDCCCXLIII. Grassii, Barthii et Socii, Vratislaviae, [iv] + 99 pp." type="book" year="1843">Schneider, 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[22 species;Palaearctic region];
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE25373123AA6DE6FED6F873" box="[250,310,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373123AA6DE6FED6F873" box="[250,310,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Fibla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[4 species; Mediterranean];
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE25373121D66DE6FBB6F873" authority="Aspock et Aspock, 1968" authorityName="Aspock et Aspock" authorityYear="1968" box="[646,1110,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Parainocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373121D66DE6FCC0F873" box="[646,800,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Parainocellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE253731207B6DE6FBB6F873" author="Aspock" box="[811,1110,2008,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" refString="Aspock, H. &amp; Aspock, U. (1968 c) Vorlaufige Mitteilung zur generischen Klassifizierung der Raphidiodea (Insecta, Neuroptera). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1968" yearSuffix="c">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE25373120DB6DE4FC7FF873" box="[907,927,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">et</emphasis>
Aspöck, 1968c
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[4 species; Europe;
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE25373126196DE7FA78F872" box="[1353,1432,2009,2032]" name="Myanmar" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Burma</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373623C76AA9FF1CFF32" box="[151,252,151,176]" name="Vietnam" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373622466AA9FE7CFF32" box="[278,412,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Sininocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622466AA9FE7CFF32" box="[278,412,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Sininocellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[2 species;
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE223736216A6AA9FD63FF32" box="[570,643,151,176]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">China</collectingCountry>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621CD6AA9FB9AFF32" authority="Aspock et Aspock, 1973" authorityName="Aspock et Aspock" authorityYear="1973" box="[669,1146,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Amurinocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621CD6AA9FCDDFF32" box="[669,829,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Amurinocellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736201D6AA9FB9AFF32" author="Aspock" box="[845,1146,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, H. &amp; Aspock, U. (1973) Inocellia (Amurinocellia n. subg.) calida n. sp. - eine neue Spezies der Familie Inocelliidae (Ins., Rhaphidioptera [sic]) aus Ostasien (Mit einer Uebersicht uber die Inocelliiden Asiens). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 33, 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1973">
Aspock
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373620E26AA7FC26FF32" box="[946,966,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et</emphasis>
Aspock, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[3 species;
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373626486AA6FA70FF32" box="[1304,1424,151,176]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">East Asia</collectingCountry>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C76A81FEB0FF5A" box="[151,336,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Indianoinocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623C76A81FEB0FF5A" box="[151,336,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Indianoinocellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[2 species;
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE223736228E6A81FDDAFF5A" box="[478,570,191,216]" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Mexico</collectingCountry>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736211F6A81FD78FF5A" box="[591,664,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Negha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736211F6A81FD78FF5A" box="[591,664,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Negha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[3 species; North
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373620236A81FC36FF5A" box="[883,982,191,216]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">America</collectingCountry>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373620BE6A81FB4FFF5A" author="Liu" box="[1006,1199,191,216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. &amp; Aspock, U. (2009 a) Discovery of Amurinocellia H. Aspock &amp; U. Aspock (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) in China, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2264, 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627716AFEFBB4FF5A" box="[1057,1108,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2009a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373627E36A81FB22FF5A" author="Liu" box="[1203,1218,191,216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. &amp; Aspock, U. (2009 b) Inocellia elegans sp. n. (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) - A new and spectacular snakefly from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N. F.), 56, 317 - 321. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 200900029" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373627816A81FAFDFF5A" author="Liu" box="[1233,1309,191,216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. &amp; Aspock, U. (2010 b) Species of the Inocellia fulvostigmata group (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N. F.), 57, 223 - 232. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 201000019" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">2010b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373626716A81FACDFF5A" author="Liu" box="[1313,1325,191,216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. &amp; Aspock, U. (2010 c) The Inocellia crassicornis species group (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) in mainland China, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2529, 40 - 54." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736266B6A81FA65FF5A" author="Liu" box="[1339,1413,191,216]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Zhang, W. W. &amp; Aspock, U. (2012 a) New species of the snakefly genus Inocellia Schneider, 1843 (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) from Yunnan, China. Zootaxa, 2529, 40 - 54." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">2012a</bibRefCitation>
,b, 2013, 2014; Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622D06ADBFE51FF7E" box="[384,433,227,252]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2011, 2012b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976B36FB1DFE56" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
Seven fossil species (six named), all recorded from the Cenozoic:
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736208B6B39FB1DFEA2" box="[987,1277,263,288]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Electrinocellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736208B6B39FB1DFEA2" box="[987,1277,263,288]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Electrinocellia peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373626406B39FDE9FEC6" authority="Aspock et Aspock, 2004" authorityName="Aspock et Aspock" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Succinofibla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aperta">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373626406B39FF00FEC6" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Succinofibla aperta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623BA6B15FDE9FEC6" author="Aspock" box="[234,521,299,324]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, U. &amp; Aspock, H. (2004) Two significant new snakeflies from Baltic amber, with discussion on autapomorphies of the order and its included taxa (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology, 29, 11 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2004.00245. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736221A6B13FEBEFEC6" box="[330,350,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et</emphasis>
Aspöck, 2004
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621716B15FDBDFEC6" box="[545,605,299,324]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621716B15FDBDFEC6" box="[545,605,299,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fibla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621216B13FD27FEC6" box="[625,711,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">erigena</emphasis>
(Menge in Pictet-Baraban
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627536B13FBF7FEC6" box="[1027,1047,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et</emphasis>
Hagen, 1856), ‘
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627876B15FAFDFEC6" box="[1239,1309,299,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fibla’</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373626776B13FEC5FEEA" authority="Engel, 1998" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373626776B13FA7BFEC6" box="[1319,1435,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">carpenteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623C76B71FEC5FEEA" author="Engel" box="[151,293,335,360]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Engel, M. S. (1998) A new fossil snake-fly species from Baltic amber (Raphidioptera: Inocellidae). Psyche, 102 (for 1995), 187 - 193." type="journal article" year="1998">Engel, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and an undesribed specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373621DD6B6EFC23FEEA" author="Janzen" box="[653,963,335,360]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Janzen, J. W. (2002) Arthropods in Baltic amber. Ampyx Verlag, Halle, 167 pp." type="book" year="2002">Janzen 2002: Figs 54, 547</bibRefCitation>
) from late Eocene Baltic amber; ‘
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373626066B71FF3FFE0E" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
Fibla’
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C76B4BFF3FFE0E" authority="Cockerell et Custer, 1925" authorityName="Cockerell et Custer" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,223,373,396]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exusta">exusta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623BF6B4DFDF7FE0E" author="Cockerell" box="[239,535,371,396]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. &amp; Custer, C. (1925) A new fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant. The Entomologist, 58, 295 - 297." type="journal article" year="1925">
Cockerell
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622386B4BFE9CFE0E" box="[360,380,373,396]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et</emphasis>
Custer, 1925
</bibRefCitation>
) from the late Eocene of Florissant (Colorado);
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373627186B4DFA7CFE0E" authority="Nel, 1993" authorityName="Nel" authorityYear="1993" box="[1096,1436,371,396]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Miofibla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerdanica">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627186B4DFAC1FE0E" box="[1096,1313,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Miofibla cerdanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736267B6B4DFA7CFE0E" author="Nel" box="[1323,1436,371,396]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Nel, A. (1993) Nouveaux Raphidiopteres fossiles du Cenozoique de France et d'Espagne (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Inocelliidae). Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Biologie et Evolution des Insectes, 6, 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1993">Nel, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the late Miocene of Bellver-en-Cerdaña (
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373621CD6BA9FD00FE32" box="[669,736,407,432]" name="Spain" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Spain</collectingCountry>
) and the unnamed ‘Species G’ from the late Miocene of Murat (
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373623CF6B82FF12FE56" box="[159,242,444,468]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">France</collectingCountry>
). Inocelliid larvae are known from Baltic amber (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373620496B85FC5CFE56" author="Weidner" box="[793,956,443,468]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Weidner, H. (1958) Einige interessante Insektenlarven aus der Bernsteininklusen-Sammlung des Geologischen Staatsinstituts Hamburg (Odonata, Coleoptera, Megaloptera, Planipennia). Mitteilung aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg, 27, 50 - 68." type="journal article" year="1958">Weidner 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373620976B82FBB7FE56" author="Janzen" box="[967,1111,444,468]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Janzen, J. W. (2002) Arthropods in Baltic amber. Ampyx Verlag, Halle, 167 pp." type="book" year="2002">Janzen 2002</bibRefCitation>
: Figs 55, 548).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653EFE22373723976BE1FD0FFF7A" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976BE1FF1DFD2E" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623976BE1FD37FE7A" bold="true" box="[199,727,479,504]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
Comments on characters.
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621556BE1FD30FE7A" bold="true" box="[517,720,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Radial crossveins</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
All species of extant
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373620836BE1FBB7FE7A" box="[979,1111,479,504]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
have three radial crossveins between RA and
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE2237362236683AFE68FD99" box="[358,392,516,539]" name="Poland" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">RP</collectingCountry>
in the forewing, with the exception of two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE2237362745683DFB7BFD9E" box="[1045,1179,515,540]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Sininocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE2237362745683DFB7BFD9E" box="[1045,1179,515,540]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Sininocellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(four crossveins) and individual specimens of the highly variable
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621DF6819FB56FDC2" authority="Aspock et Aspock, 1968" authorityName="Aspock et Aspock" authorityYear="1968" box="[655,1206,551,576]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="folvostigmata">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621DF6819FC74FDC2" box="[655,916,551,576]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia folvostigmata</emphasis>
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373620AC6816FBF0FDBD" box="[1020,1040,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et</emphasis>
Aspöck, 1968
</taxonomicName>
(Aspöck &amp; Aspöck 1968:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736238E6875FEFCFDE6" box="[222,284,587,612]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,1136,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1411,1131,1858]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of the Jurassic Mesoraphidiidae. A, Mesoraphidia inaequalis Martynov, 1925 (Late Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan), forewing. B, same, hind wing. Re-drawn with slight simplification from Martynov 1925 b. Fused veins are shown by red lines. Identity of the vein stub labeled “? ” in basal-most part of forewing is unknown. Both wings are shown with apex to right. No scale provided or pterostigma shown in original figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
h) (two crossveins); other specimens of this species have three of these crossveins (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373626566875FF33FD0A" author="Aspock" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. &amp; Rausch, H. (1982) Der gegenwartige Stand der Erforschung der Raphidiopteren von Indien, Pakistan und Afghanistan (Neuropteroidea). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 34, 2 - 18." type="journal article" year="1982">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373626336873FA75FDE6" box="[1379,1429,587,612]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
: Figs 26–29).
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373622286851FD77FD0A" box="[376,663,623,648]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Electrinocellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622286851FD77FD0A" box="[376,663,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Electrinocellia peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Baltic amber has only two radial crossveins (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373627B3684EFF10FD2E" author="Carpenter" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1957) The Baltic amber snake-flies Neuroptera. Psyche, 63 (for 1956), 77 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1956 / 97248" type="journal article" year="1957">
Carpenter 1957:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373623C768ADFF38FD2E" box="[151,216,659,684]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,783,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,783,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890). Holotype PU 6385, EM 1.385. A, the specimen as preserved today. B, forewing. C, hind wing. FW, forewing; HW, hind wing. Scale bars = 4 mm (B, C to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252221/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976889FA7CFBBA" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623976889FE94FD52" bold="true" box="[199,372,695,720]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623976889FE8DFD52" bold="true" box="[199,365,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Discoidal cells</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Until recently, the vast majority of extant
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373620076889FC39FD52" box="[855,985,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
species were known to have four (3+1)
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623C768E5FF5AFD76" box="[151,186,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi</emphasis>
in the forewing (
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373622D368E5FE29FD76" box="[387,457,731,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[154,1425,197,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wing venation of extant Inocelliidae (A, B) and Raphidiidae (C, D). A, Sininocellia gigantos Yang, 1985, forewing. B, Fibla hesperica Navás, 1915, hind wing. C, Phaeostigma notatum (Fabricius, 1781), forewing. D, Ohmella casta (Aspöck et Aspöck, 1968 b), hind wing. Drawn from the photograph in Liu et al. 2012 b (A), re-drawn with simplification from Aspöck et al. 1991 (B, D). Fused veins are shown by red lines. All wings are shown with apex to right and not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252220/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Probably, the single documented exception was three (2+1)
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627F268E5FB25FD76" box="[1186,1221,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi</emphasis>
in the two species
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C768C1FDF6FC9A" authority="Aspock, 1988" authorityName="Aspock" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,534,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Negha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623C768C1FE93FC9A" box="[151,371,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Negha meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736222B68C1FDF6FC9A" author="Aspock" box="[379,534,767,792]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, U. (1988) Negha meridionalis n. sp. - eine neue Inocelliiden-Spezies aus Sud-Kalifornien (U. S. A.) und Baja California (Mexiko) (Neuropteroidea: Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 39 (for 1987), 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="1988">Aspöck, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736217668C1FCECFC9A" author="Aspock" box="[550,780,767,792]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, U. (1988) Negha meridionalis n. sp. - eine neue Inocelliiden-Spezies aus Sud-Kalifornien (U. S. A.) und Baja California (Mexiko) (Neuropteroidea: Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 39 (for 1987), 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="1988">
Aspöck 1988:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736219C68C1FCECFC9A" box="[716,780,767,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,1136,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1411,1131,1858]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of the Jurassic Mesoraphidiidae. A, Mesoraphidia inaequalis Martynov, 1925 (Late Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan), forewing. B, same, hind wing. Re-drawn with slight simplification from Martynov 1925 b. Fused veins are shown by red lines. Identity of the vein stub labeled “? ” in basal-most part of forewing is unknown. Both wings are shown with apex to right. No scale provided or pterostigma shown in original figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
) from California and
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736275568C1FAFCFC9A" box="[1029,1308,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736275568C1FB87FC9A" box="[1029,1127,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inocellia</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373627D668C1FAFCFC9A" box="[1158,1308,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvostigmata">fulvostigmata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE223736263368C1FA7CFC9A" box="[1379,1436,767,792]" name="India" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623CE691DFE9CFCBE" author="Aspock" box="[158,380,803,828]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. &amp; Rausch, H. (1982) Der gegenwartige Stand der Erforschung der Raphidiopteren von Indien, Pakistan und Afghanistan (Neuropteroidea). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 34, 2 - 18." type="journal article" year="1982">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623AD691BFECFFCBE" box="[253,303,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
: Figs 26, 27), and two (2+0)
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736219C691DFD0FFCBE" box="[716,751,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE2237362047691DFA7BFCBE" authority="Aspock et al. 1982" authorityName="Aspock et al." authorityYear="1982" box="[791,1435,803,828]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fulvostigmata" subSpecies="nigrostigmata">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE2237362047691DFB5BFCBE" box="[791,1211,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia fulvostigmata nigrostigmata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE2237362794691DFA7BFCBE" author="Aspock" box="[1220,1435,803,828]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. &amp; Rausch, H. (1982) Der gegenwartige Stand der Erforschung der Raphidiopteren von Indien, Pakistan und Afghanistan (Neuropteroidea). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 34, 2 - 18." type="journal article" year="1982">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE2237362672691BFAB4FCBE" box="[1314,1364,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373623856979FEEEFCE2" box="[213,270,839,864]" name="India" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">India</collectingCountry>
(Aspöck &amp; Aspöck 1968:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736216F6979FD9FFCE2" box="[575,639,839,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,1136,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1411,1131,1858]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of the Jurassic Mesoraphidiidae. A, Mesoraphidia inaequalis Martynov, 1925 (Late Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan), forewing. B, same, hind wing. Re-drawn with slight simplification from Martynov 1925 b. Fused veins are shown by red lines. Identity of the vein stub labeled “? ” in basal-most part of forewing is unknown. Both wings are shown with apex to right. No scale provided or pterostigma shown in original figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
h;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373621CF6979FC99FCE2" author="Aspock" box="[671,889,839,864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. &amp; Rausch, H. (1982) Der gegenwartige Stand der Erforschung der Raphidiopteren von Indien, Pakistan und Afghanistan (Neuropteroidea). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 34, 2 - 18." type="journal article" year="1982">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621AC6976FCCEFCE2" box="[764,814,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
: Figs 28, 29). However, the rich inocelliid fauna from eastern and southeastern Asia reported in the last few years shows remarkable venational diversity including three (2+1)
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736224869B1FEDBFC2A" box="[280,315,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi</emphasis>
present in
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373622E469B1FCABFC2A" authority="Liu et al., 2010" authorityName="Liu et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[436,843,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biprocessus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622E469B1FD7DFC2A" box="[436,669,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia biprocessus</emphasis>
Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736218069AFFCE0FC2A" box="[720,768,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</taxonomicName>
from Shandong Province in
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373627D769B1FB2CFC2A" box="[1159,1228,911,936]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">China</collectingCountry>
, and two
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736266469B1FAB7FC2A" box="[1332,1367,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi</emphasis>
(2+0) in
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623E5698DFD83FC4E" authority="Aspock et al., 2011" authorityName="Aspock et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[181,611,947,972]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623E5698DFE9BFC4E" box="[181,379,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia bilobata</emphasis>
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622B1698BFDF2FC4E" box="[481,530,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736213F698BFC25FC4E" authority="Aspock et al., 2011" authorityName="Aspock et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[623,965,947,972]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736213F698BFD3EFC4E" box="[623,734,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">I. cornuta</emphasis>
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE2237362013698BFC94FC4E" box="[835,884,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE2237362081698DFA78FC4E" authority="Aspock et al., 2011" authorityName="Aspock et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[977,1432,947,972]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE2237362081698DFB51FC4E" box="[977,1201,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia longispina</emphasis>
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE2237362646698BFAA7FC4E" box="[1302,1351,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C769E9FEAEFC72" box="[151,334,983,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623C769E9FEAEFC72" box="[151,334,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all from
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE223736229F69E9FDD4FC72" box="[463,564,983,1008]" name="Thailand" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, southernmost findings of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736202269E9FBEFFC72" box="[882,1039,983,1008]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Raphidioptera</taxonomicName>
in the Old World); and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736266A69E9FE5CFB96" authority="Liu et al., 2012" authorityName="Liu et al." authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanica">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736266A69E9FEEAFB96" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia yunnanica</emphasis>
Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736226F69C3FE8FFB96" box="[319,367,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</taxonomicName>
from Yunnan Province in
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373621B469C5FCC6FB96" box="[740,806,1019,1044]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736206569C5FC0BFB96" author="Liu" box="[821,1003,1019,1044]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Yang, D. &amp; Aspock, U. (2010 c) The Inocellia crassicornis species group (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) in mainland China, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2529, 40 - 54." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="c">
Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736203469C3FC74FB96" box="[868,916,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2010c
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373620A669C5FBD7FB96" box="[1014,1079,1019,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,1136,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1411,1131,1858]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of the Jurassic Mesoraphidiidae. A, Mesoraphidia inaequalis Martynov, 1925 (Late Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan), forewing. B, same, hind wing. Re-drawn with slight simplification from Martynov 1925 b. Fused veins are shown by red lines. Identity of the vein stub labeled “? ” in basal-most part of forewing is unknown. Both wings are shown with apex to right. No scale provided or pterostigma shown in original figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627F269C3FB32FB96" box="[1186,1234,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2011:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736267669C5FA8BFB96" box="[1318,1387,1019,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,1136,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[168,1411,1131,1858]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of the Jurassic Mesoraphidiidae. A, Mesoraphidia inaequalis Martynov, 1925 (Late Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan), forewing. B, same, hind wing. Re-drawn with slight simplification from Martynov 1925 b. Fused veins are shown by red lines. Identity of the vein stub labeled “? ” in basal-most part of forewing is unknown. Both wings are shown with apex to right. No scale provided or pterostigma shown in original figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736262969C2FA77FB96" box="[1401,1431,1020,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,249,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Archiraphidia tumulata (Scudder, 1890). Holotype MCZ 244. A, counterpart. B, part (converted to right). Scale bar = 4 mm (both to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252228/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373623C76E1EFF52FBBA" box="[151,178,1056,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="32.[151,249,1543,1565]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1512]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,481,1522]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 19. Florissantoraphidia mortua (Rohwer, 1909). Holotype UCM 4512 as preserved (covered by Canada balsam). Scale bar = 4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252237/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">19</figureCitation>
–28, 40–43;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736226C6E21FE13FBBA" author="Liu" box="[316,499,1055,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Liu, X. Y., Aspock, H., Zhang, W. W. &amp; Aspock, U. (2012 a) New species of the snakefly genus Inocellia Schneider, 1843 (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae) from Yunnan, China. Zootaxa, 2529, 40 - 54." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622386E1FFE78FBBA" box="[360,408,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2012a
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373622AD6E21FDA2FBBA" box="[509,578,1055,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,783,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,783,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890). Holotype PU 6385, EM 1.385. A, the specimen as preserved today. B, forewing. C, hind wing. FW, forewing; HW, hind wing. Scale bars = 4 mm (B, C to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252221/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736211E6E1EFDBFFBBA" box="[590,607,1056,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,921,1251]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,916,1254]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890). Wing venation of the holotype PU 6385, EM 1.385. A, forewing. B, hind wing. Scale bar = 4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252222/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">4</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621226E21FC6AFBBA" box="[626,906,1055,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Electrinocellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621226E21FC6AFBBA" box="[626,906,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Electrinocellia peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from late Eocene Baltic amber also has two
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373626226E21FA7CFBBA" box="[1394,1436,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976E7AFEC6FB26" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
Most probably, in these few species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621296E7DFD1DFBDE" box="[633,765,1091,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
that have two
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373620F06E7DFC23FBDE" box="[928,963,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">doi</emphasis>
, MP and CuA are fused for some distance similarly to
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373622716E59FE4CFB02" box="[289,428,1127,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
. At least, the venation of this area in these inocelliid species is not different from that of Raphiididae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976E91FD8BFA22" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623976E91FE9AFB4A" bold="true" box="[199,378,1199,1224]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623976E91FE93FB4A" bold="true" box="[199,371,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Forewing AA1</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The inocelliid AA1 is usually simple. Occasionally, AA1 is forked (often in only one of the forewings) in some extant species, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621366EEDFC04FB6E" authority="Yang, 1985" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1985" box="[614,996,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Sininocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantos">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621366EEDFCB5FB6E" box="[614,853,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Sininocellia gigantos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736200F6EEAFC04FB6E" author="Yang" box="[863,996,1235,1260]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Yang, C. K. (1985) A new genus and species of snakefly from Wuyishan (Raphidoptera [sic]: Inocelliidae). Wuyi Science Journal, 5, 25 - 28. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1985">Yang, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373620A26EEAFAFEFB6E" authority="Liu et al., 2012" authorityName="Liu et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[1010,1310,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Sininocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chikum">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373620A26EEAFB81FB6E" box="[1010,1121,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">S. chikum</emphasis>
Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627CB6EEBFB2EFB6E" box="[1179,1230,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</taxonomicName>
(Liu
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373626316EEBFA75FB6E" box="[1377,1429,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2012b:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373623BE6EC9FEB4FA92" box="[238,340,1271,1296]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,249,1585,1607]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,249,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1408,1136,1855]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1425,197,1551]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,783,1726]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[168,1411,1131,1858]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,783,1738]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of the Jurassic Mesoraphidiidae. A, Mesoraphidia inaequalis Martynov, 1925 (Late Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan), forewing. B, same, hind wing. Re-drawn with slight simplification from Martynov 1925 b. Fused veins are shown by red lines. Identity of the vein stub labeled “? ” in basal-most part of forewing is unknown. Both wings are shown with apex to right. No scale provided or pterostigma shown in original figure." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Wing venation of extant Inocelliidae (A, B) and Raphidiidae (C, D). A, Sininocellia gigantos Yang, 1985, forewing. B, Fibla hesperica Navás, 1915, hind wing. C, Phaeostigma notatum (Fabricius, 1781), forewing. D, Ohmella casta (Aspöck et Aspöck, 1968 b), hind wing. Drawn from the photograph in Liu et al. 2012 b (A), re-drawn with simplification from Aspöck et al. 1991 (B, D). Fused veins are shown by red lines. All wings are shown with apex to right and not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890). Holotype PU 6385, EM 1.385. A, the specimen as preserved today. B, forewing. C, hind wing. FW, forewing; HW, hind wing. Scale bars = 4 mm (B, C to scale)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/252219/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/252220/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/252221/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736223D6EC9FD59FA92" authority="Navas, 1915" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1915" box="[365,697,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperica">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736223D6EC9FDC0FA92" box="[365,544,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fibla hesperica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736217A6EC6FD59FA92" author="Navas" box="[554,697,1271,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Navas, L. (1915) Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Quinta serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 11, 455 - 480." type="journal article" year="1915">Navás, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736219A6EC9FC4CFA92" author="Aspock" box="[714,940,1271,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. &amp; Rausch, H. (1991) Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Okologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Ubersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). 2 Vols. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld, 730 &amp; 550 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736207B6EC7FCBFFA92" box="[811,863,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 45) and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373627016EC9FA7CFA92" authority="Hagen, 1861" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1861" box="[1105,1436,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Negha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627016EC9FB0EFA92" box="[1105,1262,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Negha inflata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373627AF6EC6FA74FA92" author="Hagen" box="[1279,1428,1271,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1861) Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, with a list of the South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 4 (1), i - xx + 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1861">Hagen, 1861</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623CE6F22FE40FAB6" author="Carpenter" box="[158,416,1307,1332]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1936) Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (recent and fossil). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 71, 89 - 157, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">
Carpenter 1936:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736220D6F25FE40FAB6" box="[349,416,1307,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1511]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Megaraphidia exhumata (Cockerell, 1909). Holotype MCZ 3640. A, part (converted to right). B, counterpart. C, forewing venation. Scale bar = 4 mm (all to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252225/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
); in the fossil
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621116F25FD19FAB6" box="[577,761,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373621116F25FD19FAB6" box="[577,761,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fibla carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the unnamed species ‘Espèce G (probablement
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736261C6F25FA69FAB6" box="[1356,1417,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736261C6F25FA69FAB6" box="[1356,1417,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fibla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623CE6F01FE92FADA" author="Nel" box="[158,370,1343,1368]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Nel, A. (1993) Nouveaux Raphidiopteres fossiles du Cenozoique de France et d'Espagne (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Inocelliidae). Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Biologie et Evolution des Insectes, 6, 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1993">
Nel 1993:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736224C6F01FE92FADA" box="[284,370,1343,1368]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,249,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1255,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,1255,1940]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Archiraphidia tranquilla (Scudder, 1890). Holotype MCZ 246, the specimen as preserved. Scale bar = 4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252230/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
). It is noteworthy that all of these species (except
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373620926F01FBBEFADA" box="[962,1118,1343,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Negha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373620926F01FBBEFADA" box="[962,1118,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Negha inflata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) possess a long basal 1r-m crossvein (brace) in the hind wing, a plesiomorphic character state. We suspect that the forked AA1 is a plesiomorphic state in this family as well.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976F95FCE0F942" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623976F95FEDBFA46" bold="true" box="[199,315,1451,1476]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Remarks.</emphasis>
All but one fossil species have wings similar to those of the extant genera
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373627D56F95FB22FA46" box="[1157,1218,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Fibla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627D56F95FB22FA46" box="[1157,1218,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fibla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373627A96F95FA9FFA46" box="[1273,1407,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Sininocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627A96F95FA9FFA46" box="[1273,1407,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Sininocellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the presence of the long basal r-m brace (1r-m), a plesiomorphic state in Neuropterida. The exception is
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C76FCDFE54F98E" box="[151,436,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Electrinocellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623C76FCDFE54F98E" box="[151,436,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Electrinocellia peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species has two discoidal cells, two radial and medial crossveins in the forewing (as in raphidiids) and 1r-m in the hind wing is lost (as in most extant inocelliids; this condition is only known in this species among fossil taxa of the family).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373621346C05FCFBF9D6" author="Grimaldi" box="[612,795,1595,1620]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Grimaldi, D. A. (2000) A diverse fauna of Neuropterodea in amber from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. In: Grimaldi, D. A. (Ed.), Studies on Fossil in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 259 - 303." type="book chapter" year="2000">Grimaldi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
believed that “it shares inocelliid and raphidiid features” (p. 262).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373622566C61FE7DF9FA" author="Engel" box="[262,413,1631,1656]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Engel, M. S. (1998) A new fossil snake-fly species from Baltic amber (Raphidioptera: Inocellidae). Psyche, 102 (for 1995), 187 - 193." type="journal article" year="1998">Engel (1998)</bibRefCitation>
separated it into the monotypic inocelliid subfamily Electrinocelliinae. However, some recently described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373622B26CBDFDA6F91E" box="[482,582,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373622B26CBDFDA6F91E" box="[482,582,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Inocellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southeastern Asia have very similar venation (see Aspöck
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE223736264D6CBBFAAFF91E" box="[1309,1359,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al</emphasis>
. 2011:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE22373623C76C99FF0BF942" box="[151,235,1703,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[151,249,1652,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,636,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,636,1631]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. ‘ Fibla’ exusta (Cockerell et Custer, 1925). Holotype UCM 4923. A, specimen as preserved. B, hind wing venation. Scale bar = 4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252241/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Figs 23</figureCitation>
–28), discrediting the validity of this subfamily.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE22373623976CF2FD04F862" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
Two Mesozoic species have been assigned to the
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621A86CF5FC60F966" box="[760,896,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
. The Early Cretaceous
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373627D86CF5FA7CF966" box="[1160,1436,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Sinoinocellia liaoxiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623C76CCFFEC3F88A" author="Wang" box="[151,291,1776,1801]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Wang, W. L. (1987) Early Mesozoic insects fossils from western Liaoning. In: Yu, X. H., Wang, X. H., Liu, X. T. &amp; Zhang, W. (Eds.), Mesozoic stratigraphy and palaeontology of Western Liaoning. Vol. 3. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 202 - 222. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="book" year="1987">Wang, 1987</bibRefCitation>
was attributed to this family (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373621C26CCEFC65F88A" author="Wang" box="[658,901,1775,1800]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Wang, W. L. (1987) Early Mesozoic insects fossils from western Liaoning. In: Yu, X. H., Wang, X. H., Liu, X. T. &amp; Zhang, W. (Eds.), Mesozoic stratigraphy and palaeontology of Western Liaoning. Vol. 3. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 202 - 222. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="book" year="1987">
Wang 1987:
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE223736207D6CD1FC65F88A" box="[813,901,1775,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,249,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,409,1811]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Archiraphidia? somnolenta (Scudder, 1890). Holotype MCZ 488. A, part (converted to right). B, counterpart. Scale bar = 4 mm (both to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252235/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
); however, the drawing of this incompletelypreserved species clearly shows that it belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621986D2DFC64F8AE" box="[712,900,1811,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesoraphidiidae</taxonomicName>
(s.l.) by its forewing character states, e.g., only two crossveins between RA and
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373621446D07FDD6F8D2" box="[532,566,1849,1872]" name="Poland" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">RP</collectingCountry>
(three in
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373621FC6D09FCD5F8D2" box="[684,821,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
); three crossveins between R/
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE22373627DE6D06FB50F8D2" box="[1166,1200,1848,1872]" name="Poland" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">RP</collectingCountry>
and M/MA (four in
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C76D65FEC1F8F6" box="[151,289,1883,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
); 1r-m connects R with MA, not M as in all
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE223736204E6D65FC46F8F6" box="[798,934,1883,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
. Also, an undescribed species from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) locality of Kzyl-Dzhar (now Kyzylzhar) was thought as belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373626486D41FA7CF81A" box="[1304,1436,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE22373623CE6D9DFE7CF83E" author="Zherikhin" box="[158,412,1955,1980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Zherikhin, V. V. (1978) Development and changes in Cretaceous and Cenozoic faunistic complexes (tracheates and chelicerates). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 165, 1 - 200. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1978" yearSuffix="p">Zherikhin 1978, p. 78</bibRefCitation>
). This specimen also belongs with certainty to
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373620E66D9DFB92F83E" box="[950,1138,1955,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesoraphidiidae</taxonomicName>
(s.l.); it is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE22373623C76DF9FDFEF862" authority="Carpenter, 1968" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,542,1991,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Alloraphidiidae" genus="Alloraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorfi">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE22373623C76DF9FE83F862" box="[151,355,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Alloraphidia dorfi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE223736223A6DF6FDFEF862" author="Carpenter" box="[362,542,1991,2016]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1968) Cretaceous insects from Labrador. 2. A new family of snake-flies (Neuroptera: Alloraphidiidae). Psyche, 74 (for 1967), 270 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1967 / 62569" type="journal article" year="1968">Carpenter, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(VM, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE23373723976AA6FD0FFF7A" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
No venational autapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE233737211F6AA9FD33FF32" box="[591,723,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
were identified by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE23373720E86AA9FB18FF32" author="Aspock" box="[952,1272,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Aspock, U. &amp; Aspock, H. (2004) Two significant new snakeflies from Baltic amber, with discussion on autapomorphies of the order and its included taxa (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology, 29, 11 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2004.00245. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Aspöck and Aspöck (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. However, we find two forewing character states to be autapomorphies of this family: (1) the presence of the crossvein 1ra-rp, and (2) the crossvein 1r-m connects M and R (see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink