166 lines
18 KiB
XML
166 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="09CD5F2FA16D417C45D16583AF5AFF3D">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="775AD5DD390198D5DF755A938BDA8745">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0AB9001DE984443FF83D877D9701043">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC29484D7111910B796CB78A3514FF9F">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCAE603BA2711B8A8AA9CDA009C1B2F7" type="email">debert@mlml.calstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FDE5DE0EECD3C15955BBF4E3A08BE509">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1057B6E054523FF35428AC95CF7EDBE0">
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<mods:date id="AF49520913578ACC0071DF68A0189870">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4AAF3B80E15B215811B7636A99497CC3">4947</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039287A19556FFCECFF75FC7FDED21C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19556FFCECFF75FC7FDED21C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19556FFCECFF75FC7FDED21C2" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9556FFB1CFF75FC7FE832666" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFB1CFF75FC7FCE8258B" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[151,785,1482,1509]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9556FFB1CFF75FC7FCE8258B" bold="true" box="[151,785,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349556FFB1CFF75FC7FCE8258B" ID-CoL="R3PH" ID-ENA="1214659" authority="(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,785,1482,1509]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75FC7FCE8258B" bold="true" box="[151,785,1482,1509]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75FC7FE24258A" bold="true" box="[151,477,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carcharhinus melanopterus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469556FFB1CE8C5FC7FCF1258B" author="Quoy & Gaimard" box="[492,776,1482,1508]" firstAuthor="Quoy" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 328" refId="ref111663" refString="Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (1824) Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. In: de Freycinet, L., Voyage autour du Monde ... execute sur les corvettes de L. M. " L'Uranie " et " La Physicienne, " pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX, 1824, pp. 1 - 328." type="journal article" year="1824">Quoy & Gaimard, 1824</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFB1CFF75FE2FE832666" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[151,378,1519,1545]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Blacktip Reef Shark</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9556FFB1CFF75C1EFE7E26D2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFB1CFF75C1EFB65263E" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B11999556FFB1CFF75C1EFB65263E" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69556FFB1CFF75C1EFCF92642" author="Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P." box="[151,768,1555,1581]" page="194" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1824">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349556FFB1CFF75C1EFCF92642" ID-CoL="R3TB" authority="Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194" authorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" authorityPageNumber="194" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,768,1555,1581]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75C1EFE4C2642" box="[151,437,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carcharias melanopterus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9556FFB1CEDC5C1EFCF92642" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574338" box="[444,768,1555,1581]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Indonesia" location="Eschmeyer" municipality="Pulau Waigeo" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469556FFB1CEDC5C1EFCF92642" author="Quoy & Gaimard" box="[444,768,1555,1581]" firstAuthor="Quoy" page="194" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 328" refId="ref111663" refString="Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (1824) Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. In: de Freycinet, L., Voyage autour du Monde ... execute sur les corvettes de L. M. " L'Uranie " et " La Physicienne, " pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX, 1824, pp. 1 - 328." type="journal article" year="1824">Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 43 (figs. 1, 2).
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<typeStatus id="548088159556FFB1CCB45C1EFBB12642" box="[980,1096,1555,1581]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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: MNHN 0000-1129;
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<typeStatus id="548088159556FFB1CA565C1EFA642642" box="[1334,1437,1555,1581]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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designation by
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<location id="8EE4606C9556FFB1CE115C3AFE14263E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19556FFCECFF75FC7FDED21C2:8EE4606C9556FFB1CE115C3AFE14263E" box="[369,493,1591,1617]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Pulau Waigeo" name="Eschmeyer" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Eschmeyer</location>
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(1998). Type locality:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACCD9556FFB1CD8E5C3AFC75263E" box="[750,908,1591,1617]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pulau Waigeo</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559556FFB1CCF65C3AFBE5263E" box="[918,1052,1591,1617]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">West Papua</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279556FFB1CB475C3AFB61263E" box="[1063,1176,1591,1617]" name="Indonesia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFB1CFF75C56FE7E26D2" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75C56FEA2261A" bold="true" box="[151,347,1627,1653]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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: The synonymy for this species in South African waters is long and convoluted, and most of the “black-tipped” sharks are of other
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349556FFB1CD335C72FD1426F6" ID-CoL="3HC4" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[595,749,1663,1689]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CD335C72FD1426F6" box="[595,749,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. A discussion of the issue is presented below in the Remarks section.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9556FFB1CFF75CCBFB3E276A" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFB1CFF75CCBFDAC268E" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[151,597,1734,1761]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75CCBFDFB268F" bold="true" box="[151,514,1734,1761]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279556FFB1CFF75CCBFED6268F" box="[151,303,1734,1760]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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voucher material
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</emphasis>
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: None.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFB1CFF75CE7FB3E276A" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" box="[151,1223,1770,1797]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75CE7FE2A276B" bold="true" box="[151,467,1770,1796]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South African distribution</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9556FFB1CE825CE6FB3A276A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574785" box="[482,1219,1771,1797]" collectingCountry="South Africa" country="South Africa" location="South African" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
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Possibly northern KZN, but unconfirmed in
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<location id="8EE4606C9556FFB1CCB35CE6FB89276A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19556FFCECFF75FC7FDED21C2:8EE4606C9556FFB1CCB35CE6FB89276A" box="[979,1136,1771,1797]" country="South Africa" name="South African" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South African</location>
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waters
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9556FFCECFF75D02FDED21C2" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79556FFCECFF75D02FBC821E6" blockId="63.[151,1437,1482,2013]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1436,150,429]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CFF75D02FEFD2746" bold="true" box="[151,260,1807,1833]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349556FFB1CE775D02FDAA2746" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[279,595,1807,1833]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59556FFB1CE775D02FDAA2746" box="[279,595,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carcharhinus melanopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a checkered history of uncertainty as to whether it occurs in South African waters. The first record of this species was based on a specimen provided by Andrew Smith to the [British] Natural History Museum (probably around 1839) with the exact locality uncertain since the only information given was labelled “Cape Seas”. Subsequent authors listed it as occurring in South African waters, but the name “black-tipped” shark is used indiscriminately for several species of black or dusky fin tipped sharks. References to this species occurring in KZN or Cape waters can usually be traced back to either
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469556FFCECA045DCEFEE920DE" author="Gray" firstAuthor="Gray" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref103629" refString="Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp." type="book" year="1851">Gray (1851)</bibRefCitation>
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or G̹nther (1870) who both cited Andrew Smith’s specimen at the Natural History Museum (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469529FFCECA295A9AFEC920BA" author="Bass" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59529FFCECAE85A9AFF2520BA" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
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., 1973
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469529FFCECE855AB6FD4F20BA" author="Bass" box="[485,694,187,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59529FFCECD445AB6FDA020BA" box="[548,601,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1973)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Andrew Smith’s specimen was still in existence and they were able to confirm its identification. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469529FFCECDDD5AD2FC702096" author="Bass" box="[701,905,223,249]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59529FFCECD9B5AD2FCD62096" box="[763,815,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1973)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
commented that there were no records of this species from East Africa south of
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0F50709529FFCECD295B0EFD7B2172" box="[585,642,259,285]" degrees="22" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" precision="55555" value="-22.0">22°S</geoCoordinate>
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. The species does occur in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279529FFCECB435B0EFB4E2172" box="[1059,1207,259,285]" name="Mozambique" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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and it would not be unexpected if it ranged into the northern most area of KZN, but we could not verify any confirmed records or sightings of this species in South African waters. We include this species here since it has been widely listed as occurring in KZN with the hope that if it does occur here it will be confirmed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79529FFCECFF75B9FFDED21C2" blockId="64.[151,1436,150,429]" box="[151,532,402,429]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59529FFCECFF75B9FFE7D21C2" bold="true" box="[151,388,402,429]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
: VU (2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |