plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/8E/2E/038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23.xml

556 lines
70 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="2A3B37CA1568B1A58F587F32167A1A01" ID-DOI="10.1590/S0031-10492007001700001" ID-ISSN="1807-0205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13236170" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720053163173" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shibatta, Oscar Akio, Muriel-Cunha, Janice &amp; Pinna, Mário C. C. de" docDate="2007" docId="038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23" docLanguage="en" docName="PapAvZool.47.17.191-201.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 47 (17)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492007001700001" docStyle="DocumentStyle:342E0B2A517D47F211C16A9F07059896.3:PapAvZool.2002-2013.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="342E0B2A517D47F211C16A9F07059896" docStyleName="PapAvZool.2002-2013.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Phreatobius dracunculus Shibatta, Muriel-Cunha &amp; Pinna, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="FFB75642082BFF82FFCDFF9DFF42FFF3" masterDocTitle="A new subterranean species of PHREATOBIUS Goeldi, 1905 (Siluriformes, INCERTAE SEDIS) from the Southwestern Amazon basin" masterLastPageNumber="201" masterPageNumber="191" pageNumber="192" updateTime="1722946276380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="90DFF5B302BBDAA9DA39490A30B4F24A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="54A07341FC74444C967573E5235B1852">
<mods:title id="341BB4560706ED161CF81208DAA18ABA">A new subterranean species of PHREATOBIUS Goeldi, 1905 (Siluriformes, INCERTAE SEDIS) from the Southwestern Amazon basin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2A0638412B9BE8C144D6118E879396E6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C75D32FEFF16838559C037841DFE673E">
<mods:roleTerm id="1C72C3D97944D15F163F0244DCBEE477">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E7ACACCD4C3AB3C5B3A182F0B0B7E1FF">Shibatta, Oscar Akio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0909515C0E647586ADC0756E48F6B6F2">. Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051 - 990, Londrina, PR, Brasil. E-mail: shibatta @ uel. br</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="49B72EAEB3CD99CDAD31BD6840C37618" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5F519243059560832669F61FDA99F0EB">
<mods:roleTerm id="B2990F8600A5CF89A0E7F20C65569294">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D9B817FB4717C5864589DEB18B1FE964">Muriel-Cunha, Janice</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E65F24E919E1B83F477A400D77B0663D">. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42.494, 04218 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: (JMC) jcunha @ ib. usp. br and (MDP) pinna @ ib. usp. br</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A05814AEA2B345B5F7741E8EFA2872E6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8553B92EB022AC87D544917A84928145">
<mods:roleTerm id="EF0A17F56883954BBFC2472F319C1EF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1109880BE22053DA77ABCBAEC75B69B7">Pinna, Mário C. C. de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="97AEAC90019AECCF061B154C03FC7AC4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9232469A79AAB8AA3B8B4E845FC57FCF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F9C9FBFC4996735A6889EB45D5CF4265">
<mods:title id="98357BD3A206E41DA5A7D7343348CF0F">Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4855DD13AA120EFC7C42F1BCE339C71D">
<mods:date id="8B86AE7938B50E53861D1BE92B1BA93C">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="36E5F28B38FC4827A603D36152B0062C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8BC92D86199EB03FCFDBB5053FE72825">2007-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6700BE7C5AD32D38F2E748F7A5DA2CE0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="52AEF7F7079A04197D1C2924040DF33D">47</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2EC8CFCDA9C363111AC6EA89598D86FB" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D49E89201267C164C9E930C79D9CE60E">17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="91E26E9922AACFC41516FAD3C5F3146E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="98228E679AF721824D9B86BB60E5747F">191</mods:start>
<mods:end id="85A46C8BD8FE8C5BE95021E48FD14366">201</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="FD14CB7A573279E0BC61DA307CB9E9E9">
<mods:url id="D982FE28B2970AA5A3DA4BED3BF58BB2">https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492007001700001</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="EC8DB1F3F60BF8BA59D0B7856943E00A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5CC7C212EC639C2898762148B5C2E877" type="DOI">10.1590/S0031-10492007001700001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AAA371764508516A656F7CCB0A898ABF" type="ISSN">1807-0205</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A8A5B3F68F2C71A5B30CCB5D9EA6D3D" type="Zenodo-Dep">13236170</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<subSubSection id="C33DCCA7082AFF83FD35FCEAFB3FFC63" box="[760,1149,887,912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082AFF83FD35FCEAFB3FFC63" blockId="1.[760,1149,887,943]" box="[760,1149,887,912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<heading id="D0D02840082AFF83FD35FCEAFB3FFC63" bold="true" box="[760,1149,887,912]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B953433E082AFF83FD35FCEAFB3FFC63" bold="true" box="[760,1149,887,912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B953433E082AFF83FD35FCEAFCBFFC7C" bold="true" box="[760,1021,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082AFF83FD35FCEAFCBAFC7C" ID-CoL="6VCFS" box="[760,1016,887,911]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus" status="sp. nov.">Phreatobius dracunculus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260FE45082AFF83FBCEFCE5FB3FFC63" box="[1027,1149,888,912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DCCA7082AFF86FCB9FC06FD5CFA23" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082AFF83FCB9FC06FB43FC5D" blockId="1.[760,1149,887,943]" box="[884,1025,923,943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
(
<figureCitation id="131C83A9082AFF83FCB7FC06FCF3FC5C" box="[890,945,923,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[95,174,961,980]" captionTargetBox="[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1: Phreatobius dracunculus, Holotype, 36.0 mm SL; lateral view; dorsal view of body; and ventral view of live sedated specimen. Photo: L.M. Sousa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236172/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C83A9082AFF83FC76FC01FC84FC5C" box="[955,966,924,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[132,211,1148,1167]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,470,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-118@6.[132,1266,470,1112]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3: A. Phreatobius dracunculus, MZUSP 93955, Holotype 36.0 mm SL eating live earthworm; B. MZUSP 93958, Paratype 31.2 mm SL in vertical position. Photos: E. Baena and J.M. Cunha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236176/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="131C83A9082AFF83FC22FC06FCB8FC5D" box="[1007,1018,923,942]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[95,174,1827,1846]" captionTargetBox="[94,1228,1167,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-473@7.[94,1228,1167,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5: Phreatobius dracunculus, MZUSP 91680, paratype 38.1 mm SL. Radiograph of head and anterior portion of trunk, dorsoventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236180/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082AFF83FD65FC45FDA7FB23" blockId="1.[680,1229,984,1232]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FD65FC45FDA7FB23" collectingDate="2006-11-01" collectingDateMax="2006-11-03" collectingDateMin="2006-11-01" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Coll. J. M. &amp; J. Zuanon &amp; P. Siqueira" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" location="City of Porto Velho" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MZUSP 93955" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B953433E082AFF83FD65FC45FC47FC03" box="[680,773,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<typeStatus id="549C218E082AFF83FD65FC45FC42FC03" box="[680,768,984,1008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FCC0FC45FCF1FC03" box="[781,947,984,1008]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">MZUSP 93955</specimenCode>
, 36.0 mm SL,
<collectingCountry id="F330DFBC082AFF83FB9CFC45FBCDFC03" box="[1105,1167,984,1008]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F9E7A0082AFF83FB57FC45FB8EFC03" box="[1178,1228,984,1008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">State</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingRegion id="49E351CE082AFF83FD07FC65FC71FBE3" box="[714,819,1016,1040]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
, hand-dug well in settlement of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFC0556082AFF83FB6AFC65FDA4FBC3" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Rio Pardo</collectingMunicipality>
, approximately
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082AFF83FC5AFB85FC98FBC3" box="[919,986,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="km" value="90.0">90 km</quantity>
south of the
<location id="8EF8C9F7082AFF83FBB0FB85FC6AFBA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23:8EF8C9F7082AFF83FBB0FB85FC6AFBA3" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" name="City of Porto Velho" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" stateProvince="Rondonia">City of Porto Velho</location>
; area of
<location id="8EF8C9F7082AFF83FC4BFBA5FCBCFBBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23:8EF8C9F7082AFF83FC4BFBA5FCBCFBBC" box="[902,1022,1080,1104]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" name="Rio Branco" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" stateProvince="Rondonia">Rio Branco</location>
drainage (tributary to
<location id="8EF8C9F7082AFF83FD04FBC5FC2CFB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23:8EF8C9F7082AFF83FD04FBC5FC2CFB83" box="[713,878,1112,1136]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" name="Rio Jaci-Parana" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" stateProvince="Rondonia">Rio Jaci-Paraná</location>
, itself tributary to
<location id="8EF8C9F7082AFF83FB8DFBC5FB8AFB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23:8EF8C9F7082AFF83FB8DFBC5FB8AFB83" box="[1088,1224,1112,1136]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" name="Rio Madeira" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" stateProvince="Rondonia">Rio Madeira</location>
,
<location id="8EF8C9F7082AFF83FD65FBE5FDBFFB63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E2E3A082AFF86FD35FCEAFD5CFA23:8EF8C9F7082AFF83FD65FBE5FDBFFB63" box="[680,765,1144,1168]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" name="Amazon" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" stateProvince="Rondonia">Amazon</location>
basin),
<geoCoordinate id="EE13F9EB082AFF83FCACFBE5FCB5FB63" box="[865,1015,1144,1168]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" precision="1" seconds="08.2" value="-63.968945">63°58’08.2”W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE13F9EB082AFF83FBCBFBE5FBC4FB63" box="[1030,1158,1144,1168]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" precision="1" seconds="10.7" value="-9.569639">9°34’10.7”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="26D2FAFA082AFF83FB54FBE5FD9AFB5C" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Coll. J.M.</collectorName>
Cunha,
<collectorName id="26D2FAFA082AFF83FCFDFB05FCD5FB5C" box="[816,919,1176,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">J. Zuanon</collectorName>
&amp; Z.
<collectionCode id="ED3607E9082AFF83FC00FB05FCA3FB5C" box="[973,993,1176,1199]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D2FAFA082AFF83FC29FB05FB11FB43" box="[996,1107,1176,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">P. Siqueira</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF99B9EC082AFF83FB90FB05FDA3FB23" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2006-11-01" valueMax="2006-11-03" valueMin="2006-11-01">
<collectingDate id="EFDD4004082AFF83FB90FB05FDA3FB23" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2006-11-01" valueMax="2006-11-03" valueMin="2006-11-01">01-03 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082AFF83FD65FB64FCB8FA43" blockId="1.[680,1229,1272,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B953433E082AFF83FD65FB64FC48FAE3" box="[680,778,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<typeStatus id="549C218E082AFF83FD65FB64FC46FAE3" box="[680,772,1273,1296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
All from type locality.
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FBD1FB65FC2EFAC3" collectionCode="MZUSP" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MZUSP 93956, 1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FBD1FB65FB8AFAE3" box="[1052,1224,1272,1296]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">MZUSP 93956</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FD65FA85FDF7FAC3" box="[680,693,1304,1328]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">1</specimenCode>
ex,
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082AFF83FD29FA85FC01FADC" box="[740,835,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FCB7FA85FD85FAA3" collectionCode="MZUSP" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MZUSP 93957, 1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FCB7FA85FB61FAC3" box="[890,1059,1304,1328]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">MZUSP 93957</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FBFFFA85FB7DFAC3" box="[1074,1087,1304,1328]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">1</specimenCode>
ex,
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082AFF83FBA0FA85FB8EFADC" box="[1133,1228,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="29.7">29.7 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FD14FAA5FC7CFA83" collectingDate="2006-11-01" collectingDateMax="2006-11-03" collectingDateMin="2006-11-01" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Coll. J. M. &amp; J. Zuanon &amp; P. Siqueira" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="-9.569639" location="City of Porto Velho" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-63.968945" municipality="Rio Pardo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MZUSP 93958, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FD14FAA5FCC6FAA3" box="[729,900,1336,1360]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">MZUSP 93958</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FC5BFAA5FCE1FAA3" box="[918,931,1336,1360]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">1</specimenCode>
ex,
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082AFF83FC18FAA5FB76FABC" box="[981,1076,1336,1360]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="31.2">31.2 mm</quantity>
SL, collected with holotype
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FC80FAC5FB8BFA83" box="[845,1225,1368,1392]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MZUSP 91680, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FC80FAC5FCB4FA83" box="[845,1014,1368,1392]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">MZUSP 91680</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FBC8FAC5FB50FA83" box="[1029,1042,1368,1392]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">1</specimenCode>
ex,
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082AFF83FB8DFAC5FBDDFA9C" box="[1088,1183,1368,1392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="38.1">38.1 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FD65FAE5FDFBFA5C" collectionCode="MZUEL" country="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="MZUEL 4761, 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FD65FAE5FC04FA63" box="[680,838,1400,1424]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB813757082AFF83FC99FAE5FC23FA63" box="[852,865,1400,1424]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">2</specimenCode>
ex (20.1 and
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082AFF83FC37FAE5FB18FA7C" box="[1018,1114,1400,1424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="29.8">29.8 mm</quantity>
SL), Coll. Z
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B4F9571082AFF83FD70FA05FCB5FA43" box="[701,1015,1432,1456]" collectingDate="2005-09-05" collectingDateMax="2005-09-27" collectingDateMin="2005-09-05" collectionCode="V" country="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED3607E9082AFF83FD70FA05FD93FA5C" box="[701,721,1432,1455]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.P. Siqueira,
<date id="FF99B9EC082AFF83FC83FA05FCB5FA43" box="[846,1015,1432,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2005-09-05" valueMax="2005-09-27" valueMin="2005-09-05">
<collectingDate id="EFDD4004082AFF83FC83FA05FCB5FA43" box="[846,1015,1432,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2005-09-05" valueMax="2005-09-27" valueMin="2005-09-05">05-27 Sep 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082AFF80FD65FA44FE12FDC3" blockId="1.[680,1229,1496,1872]" lastBlockId="2.[132,681,184,560]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B953433E082AFF83FD65FA44FC4FFA03" box="[680,781,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Distinguished from its only congener,
<emphasis id="B953433E082AFF83FD65FA64FC79F9E3" box="[680,827,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082AFF83FD65FA64FC7AF9E3" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1905" box="[680,824,1529,1552]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisternarum">P. cisternarum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
by the following characteristics: 1) eyes absent (vs. small eyes present); 2) ventral procurrent rays 11-13 (vs. 22 to 26), dorsal procurrent rays 29-31 (vs. 42 to 50); 3) vertebrae 52 or 53 (vs. 59-64); 4) five pectoral-fin rays (vs. four); 5) long pectoral fin (50-60% HL; vs. 20-25%); 6) posterior insertion of dorsal-fin approximately at vertical through third anal-fin ray (vs. at vertical through origin of anal-fin); 7) first dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted immediately posterior to neural spine of free vertebra 12 or 13 (vs. vertebra 17-19); 8) First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted immediately posterior to hemal spine of free vertebra 16 or 17 (vs. vertebra 22-24); 9) no integumentary dark pigmentation (vs. some faint dark pigment always present); 10) pseudotympanus large, visible in dorsal, lateral and ventral views (vs. pseudotympanus small, visible in lateral view only); and 11) posterior (and only) pores of infraorbital canal nearly aligned transversely on head with posterior nasal pores (vs. posterior infraorbital pores markedly posterior to transverse line through posterior nasal pores); cf. fig. 2, compare with fig.
<quantity id="4CDF32C90829FF80FE2AFE65FD4DFDE3" box="[487,527,504,528]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E2DD0829FF80FDD9FE65FE0EFDC3" author="Muriel-Cunha, J. &amp; de Pinna, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="193" pagination="327 - 339" refId="ref7522" refString="Muriel-Cunha, J. &amp; de Pinna, M. 2005. New data on cistern catfish, Phreatobius cisternarum, from subterranean waters at the mouth of the Amazon river (Siluriformes, incertae sedis). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45 (26): 327 - 339." type="journal article" year="2005">Muriel-Cunha &amp; de Pinna (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF80FF49FDC4FEAAFCE3" blockId="2.[132,681,600,1360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B953433E0829FF80FF49FDC4FFB9FD83" box="[132,251,601,624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Description:</emphasis>
Morphometric data given in
<tableCitation id="C6A5AA970829FF80FD9BFDC5FDE0FD83" box="[598,674,600,624]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[132,197,1433,1452]" captionText="TABLE 1: Body proportions of Phreatobius dracunculus based on seven whole alcoholic specimens.SL in mm. Measurements 2-9 in proportions of SL; 10-11 in proportion of HL. SD = Standard deviation." pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Cross-section of body at trunk approximately round, becoming more compressed posterior to base of dorsal-fin. Caudal penducle region strongly compressed. Caudal region expanded dorsally and ventrally by procurrent caudal-fin rays (
<figureCitation id="131C83A90829FF80FE51FD65FE95FCE3" box="[412,471,760,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[95,174,961,980]" captionTargetBox="[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1: Phreatobius dracunculus, Holotype, 36.0 mm SL; lateral view; dorsal view of body; and ventral view of live sedated specimen. Photo: L.M. Sousa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF80FF70FC85FF86FC23" blockId="2.[132,681,600,1360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Integument thin, hyaline in live specimens, with vertical folds regularly disposed along sides of trunk in preserved specimens. Myotomes and skeletogenous septa evident externally along most of body except in region along anal fin, thickly covered with adipose tissue.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF80FF70FC45FB17FE83" blockId="2.[132,681,600,1360]" lastBlockId="2.[718,1267,184,1360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
Head longer than broad, its lateral profile convex in dorsal view. Eyes absent. Anterior naris small, close to upper lip, as long as wide, with a tube of integument prolonged anterodorsally. Posterior nares round and small. Snout round in dorsal view. Mouth as wide as head and prognathous, lower jaw extending further anteriorly than upper one (
<figureCitation id="131C83A90829FF80FE56FB05FE94FB43" box="[411,470,1176,1200]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[95,174,961,980]" captionTargetBox="[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1: Phreatobius dracunculus, Holotype, 36.0 mm SL; lateral view; dorsal view of body; and ventral view of live sedated specimen. Photo: L.M. Sousa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Corners of mouth strongly curved posteriorly, reaching slightly beyond vertical through posterior margin of posterior nares in lateral view. In lateral view cleft of mouth straight, located on dorsal fourth of head depth (
<figureCitation id="131C83A90829FF80FDDAFA85FD10FAC3" box="[535,594,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[95,174,961,980]" captionTargetBox="[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1: Phreatobius dracunculus, Holotype, 36.0 mm SL; lateral view; dorsal view of body; and ventral view of live sedated specimen. Photo: L.M. Sousa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Lower jaw projected dorsally, its ventral profile slightly convex. Upper jaw strongly depressed, its depth one-third that of lower one in lateral view. Lips large and thick, well defined laterally by fold of integument. Branchial membranes mostly free, narrowly attached to isthmus. Posterior attachment of branchial membranes immediately dorsal to origin of pectoral fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF80FCCAFEE5FC02FB03" blockId="2.[718,1267,184,1360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F95710829FF80FCCAFEE5FC7FFB03" collectionCode="MZUSP, MZUEL" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" specimenCode="MZUSP 91680, MZUEL 4761, MZUSP 93955, MZUSP 93956, MZUSP 93957, MZUSP 93958" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Proportional barbel lengths varying markedly among specimens and on different sides of same specimen. Maxillary barbel, when abducted, not reaching posterior limit of dorsal head musculature in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FD20FE65FCD6FDE3" box="[749,916,504,528]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 91680</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FC6FFE65FB7FFDE3" box="[930,1085,504,528]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
(2 exs), reaching that point in
<typeStatus id="549C218E0829FF80FCADFD85FCF8FDC3" box="[864,954,536,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FC06FD85FB31FDC3" box="[971,1139,536,560]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93955</specimenCode>
) and reaching anterior third of pectoral fin in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB8AFDA5FBACFDA3" box="[1095,1262,568,592]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93956</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FD03FDC5FC31FD83" box="[718,883,600,624]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93957</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FC67FDC5FB13FD83" box="[938,1105,600,624]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93958</specimenCode>
. Base of maxillary barbel close to anterolateral corner of upper jaw, at mid distance between corner of mouth and tip of snout. Outer mental barbel slightly shorter than maxillary one, not reaching to vertical through pectoral-fin base in
<typeStatus id="549C218E0829FF80FCBAFD65FC93FCE3" box="[887,977,760,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FC12FD65FBC4FCE3" box="[991,1158,760,784]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93955</specimenCode>
),
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB54FD65FC51FCC3" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93956</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FCD0FC85FCFCFCC3" box="[797,958,792,816]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 91680</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FC22FC85FBC7FCC3" box="[1007,1157,792,816]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CDF32C90829FF80FB5FFC85FBB0FCDC" box="[1170,1266,792,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="29.8">29.8 mm</quantity>
SL), but reaching pectoral-fin base in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB9DFCA5FBB1FCA3" box="[1104,1267,824,848]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93958</specimenCode>
and anterior third of pectoral-fin in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB85FCC5FBADFC83" box="[1096,1263,856,880]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93957</specimenCode>
. Outer mental barbel broken on right side of
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB5BFCE5FC41FC43" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CDF32C90829FF80FCD8FC05FC37FC5C" box="[789,885,920,944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="29.8">29.8 mm</quantity>
SL) and absent or broken on both sides of
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FCE9FC25FCFFFC23" box="[804,957,952,976]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CDF32C90829FF80FC03FC25FB6CFC3C" box="[974,1070,952,976]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
SL). Inner mental barbel shortest and not reaching vertical through corner of mouth in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FCBBFC65FB5AFBE3" box="[886,1048,1016,1040]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 91680</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB87FC65FBACFBE3" box="[1098,1262,1016,1040]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93956</specimenCode>
, reaching vertical through the middle distance between corner of mouth and pectoral-fin base in the
<typeStatus id="549C218E0829FF80FB55FBA5FBB0FBA3" box="[1176,1266,1080,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FD18FBC5FC39FB83" box="[725,891,1112,1136]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93955</specimenCode>
), almost reaching pectoral-fin base in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FD03FBE5FC31FB63" box="[718,883,1144,1168]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93958</specimenCode>
and reaching that point in
<specimenCode id="DB8137570829FF80FB54FBE5FC56FB43" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">MZUSP 93957</specimenCode>
. Origin of inner mental barbel slightly anterior to that of outer mental barbel. All barbells with fine round tips
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF81FCCAFB65FEECFE43" blockId="2.[718,1267,184,1360]" lastBlockId="3.[94,644,184,1872]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
Six cephalic latero-sensory canal pores present dorsally on anterior snout region posterior to nares, corresponding to pores of the supraorbital latero-sensory canal associated with nasal bone. Anterior pair of pores close to each other, located mesial to base of anterior nares. Posterior pair less widely apart than in
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FFB7FE84FE4CFEC3" box="[122,270,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF0828FF81FFB7FE84FE4BFEC3" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1905" box="[122,265,281,304]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisternarum">P. cisternarum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Posterior pores at infraorbital canals nearly aligned, tranversely with posterior nasal pores. Latero-sensory canal system absent on most of body, restricted anteriorly to short tube with two pores representing remnant of lateral line.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58CFA40829FF80FF49FA04FDE7FA35" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" startId="2.[132,197,1433,1452]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF80FF49FA04FDE7FA35" blockId="2.[132,1266,1433,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B953433E0829FF80FF49FA04FF98FA5F" bold="true" box="[132,218,1433,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">TABLE 1:</emphasis>
Body proportions of
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF0829FF80FE45FA04FD05FA5F" box="[392,583,1433,1452]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">
<emphasis id="B953433E0829FF80FE45FA04FD05FA5F" box="[392,583,1433,1452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Phreatobius dracunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on seven whole alcoholic specimens.SL in mm. Measurements 2-9 in proportions of SL; 10-11 in proportion of HL. SD = Standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0829FF80FE03FA79FBEDF8B4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<table id="F9276D8C0829007DFF41FA79FBEDF8B4" box="[140,1199,1508,1863]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41FA79FBEDFA04" box="[140,1199,1508,1527]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFE03FA79FD5EFA04" box="[462,540,1508,1527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Holotype</th>
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AFA79FDF5FA04" box="[647,695,1508,1527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Min</th>
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCFA79FC23FA04" box="[817,865,1508,1527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Max</th>
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFC16FA79FB49FA04" box="[987,1035,1508,1527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Mean</th>
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFB47FA79FBEDFA04" box="[1162,1199,1508,1527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F99FFBEDF9E5" box="[140,1199,1538,1558]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F99FFE27F9E5" box="[140,357,1538,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">1. SL</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F99FFD5EF9E5" box="[462,540,1538,1558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">35.98</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF99FFDF5F9E5" box="[647,695,1538,1558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">20.07</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF99FFC23F9E5" box="[817,865,1538,1558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">38.11</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F99FFB49F9E5" box="[987,1035,1538,1558]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">31.17</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F99FFBEDF9E5" box="[1162,1199,1538,1558]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">6.04</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F9BCFBEDF9C7" box="[140,1199,1569,1588]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F9BCFE27F9C7" box="[140,357,1569,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">2. TL</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F9BCFD5EF9C7" box="[462,540,1569,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">1.09</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF9BCFDF5F9C7" box="[647,695,1569,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">1.09</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF9BCFC23F9C7" box="[817,865,1569,1588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">1.17</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F9BCFB49F9C7" box="[987,1035,1569,1588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">1.14</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F9BCFBEDF9C7" box="[1162,1199,1569,1588]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F9DDFBEDF9A0" box="[140,1199,1600,1619]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F9DDFE27F9A0" box="[140,357,1600,1619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">3. Predorsal length</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F9DDFD5EF9A0" box="[462,540,1600,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.41</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF9DDFDF5F9A0" box="[647,695,1600,1619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.41</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF9DDFC23F9A0" box="[817,865,1600,1619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.45</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F9DDFB49F9A0" box="[987,1035,1600,1619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.43</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F9DDFBEDF9A0" box="[1162,1199,1600,1619]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F9C3FBEDF982" box="[140,1199,1630,1649]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F9C3FE27F982" box="[140,357,1630,1649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">4. Prepelvic length</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F9C3FD5EF982" box="[462,540,1630,1649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.39</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF9C3FDF5F982" box="[647,695,1630,1649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.38</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF9C3FC23F982" box="[817,865,1630,1649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.44</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F9C3FB49F982" box="[987,1035,1630,1649]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.40</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F9C3FBEDF982" box="[1162,1199,1630,1649]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F9E0FBEDF963" box="[140,1199,1661,1680]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F9E0FE27F963" box="[140,357,1661,1680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">5. Preanal length</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F9E0FD5EF963" box="[462,540,1661,1680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.48</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF9E0FDF5F963" box="[647,695,1661,1680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.46</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF9E0FC23F963" box="[817,865,1661,1680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.52</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F9E0FB49F963" box="[987,1035,1661,1680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.50</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F9E0FBEDF963" box="[1162,1199,1661,1680]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F906FBEDF95C" box="[140,1199,1691,1711]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F906FE27F95C" box="[140,357,1691,1711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">6. Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F906FD5EF95C" box="[462,540,1691,1711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.12</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF906FDF5F95C" box="[647,695,1691,1711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.10</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF906FC23F95C" box="[817,865,1691,1711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.12</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F906FB49F95C" box="[987,1035,1691,1711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.11</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F906FBEDF95C" box="[1162,1199,1691,1711]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F927FBEDF93E" box="[140,1199,1722,1741]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F927FE27F93E" box="[140,357,1722,1741]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">7. Body depth</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F927FD5EF93E" box="[462,540,1722,1741]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.10</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF927FDF5F93E" box="[647,695,1722,1741]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.07</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF927FC23F93E" box="[817,865,1722,1741]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.10</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F927FB49F93E" box="[987,1035,1722,1741]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.09</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F927FBEDF93E" box="[1162,1199,1722,1741]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F945FBEDF91F" box="[140,1199,1752,1772]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F945FE27F91F" box="[140,357,1752,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">8. Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F945FD5EF91F" box="[462,540,1752,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.32</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF945FDF5F91F" box="[647,695,1752,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.29</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF945FC23F91F" box="[817,865,1752,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.35</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F945FB49F91F" box="[987,1035,1752,1772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.32</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F945FBEDF91F" box="[1162,1199,1752,1772]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F96AFBEDF8F8" box="[140,1199,1783,1803]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F96AFE27F8F8" box="[140,357,1783,1803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">9. HL</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F96AFD5EF8F8" box="[462,540,1783,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.16</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF96AFDF5F8F8" box="[647,695,1783,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.16</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF96AFC23F8F8" box="[817,865,1783,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.19</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F96AFB49F8F8" box="[987,1035,1783,1803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.17</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F96AFBEDF8F8" box="[1162,1199,1783,1803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F88BFBEDF8DA" box="[140,1199,1814,1833]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F88BFE27F8DA" box="[140,357,1814,1833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">10. Internarial width</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F88BFD5EF8DA" box="[462,540,1814,1833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.16</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF88BFDF5F8DA" box="[647,695,1814,1833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.15</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF88BFC23F8DA" box="[817,865,1814,1833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.18</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F88BFB49F8DA" box="[987,1035,1814,1833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.17</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F88BFBEDF8DA" box="[1162,1199,1814,1833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35179D6E0829007DFF41F8A9FBEDF8B4" box="[140,1199,1844,1863]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
<th id="76C6F4120829007DFF41F8A9FE27F8B4" box="[140,357,1844,1863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">11. Head width</th>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFE03F8A9FD5EF8B4" box="[462,540,1844,1863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.66</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFD4AF8A9FDF5F8B4" box="[647,695,1844,1863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.56</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFCFCF8A9FC23F8B4" box="[817,865,1844,1863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.68</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFC16F8A9FB49F8B4" box="[987,1035,1844,1863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.65</td>
<td id="76C6F4120829007DFB47F8A9FBEDF8B4" box="[1162,1199,1844,1863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">0.04</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF81FF5AFE25FCB0FE83" blockId="3.[94,644,184,1872]" lastBlockId="3.[680,1229,184,368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F95710828FF81FF5AFE25FCADFE83" collectionCode="MZUEL, MZUSP" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" specimenCode="MZUEL 4761, MZUSP 93957, MZUSP 93955, MZUSP 93956, MZUSP 91680, MZUSP 93958" specimenCount="11" typeStatus="holotype">
Pectoral-fin rays all soft, i+4 (n=5,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FDEDFE25FD3EFE23" box="[544,636,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or i+3+i (n=1), a single specimen with 5 branched rays on one side and i+3+i on the other. Fin large, its length about 50-60% of HL and its base narrow. Pelvic fin reaching or covering anal opening, but not reaching anal fin (almost reaching that point in small specimen,
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FF1CFDE5FE32FD63" box="[209,368,632,656]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="4CDF32C90828FF81FE4DFDE5FE9DFD7C" box="[384,479,632,656]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
SL). Pelvic-fin bilaterally and intraspecifically variable:
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FDE7FD05FFE1FD23" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUSP 93957</specimenCode>
, both fins v;
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FEEAFD25FE8AFD23" box="[295,456,696,720]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUSP 93955</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FE18FD25FD70FD23" box="[469,562,696,720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) left fin with 5 branched rays, right one i+3;
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FE25FD45FDC0FD03" box="[488,642,728,752]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CDF32C90828FF81FFABFD65FF84FCFC" box="[102,198,760,784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
SL specimen) and
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FE56FD65FD01FCE3" box="[411,579,760,784]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUSP 93956</specimenCode>
, both fins with 5 branched rays;
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FEB4FC85FD50FCC3" box="[377,530,792,816]" collectionCode="MZUEL" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUEL 4761</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CDF32C90828FF81FDEFFC85FDC1FCDC" box="[546,643,792,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="29.8">29.8 mm</quantity>
SL specimen), both fins with 5 rays, left one ii+3 and right one i+4;
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FF31FCC5FEE6FC83" box="[252,420,856,880]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUSP 91680</specimenCode>
, left fin ii+2+i, right one i+2;
<specimenCode id="DB8137570828FF81FF72FCE5FE25FC63" box="[191,359,888,912]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">MZUSP 93958</specimenCode>
, left pelvic fin i+2+i, right fin i+3+i. Dorsal-fin short, its origin closer to tip of snout than to base of caudal-fin, its base extending posteriorly to vertical through origin of pelvic-fins, its posterior insertion approximately at vertical through the third anal-fin ray and at middle of SL. Seven dorsal-fin rays, all soft, i+6 (n=4), ii+5 (n=2,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FD81FBA5FFCCFB83" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), ii+4+i, i+1+i+4. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted posterior to neural spine of vertebra 13 (n=6,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FF93FB05FFF8FB43" box="[94,186,1176,1200]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or vertebra 12 (n=1). Anal-fin long, with 20 (n=1), 21 (n=1), 22 (n=4,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FE5AFB25FEB7FB23" box="[407,501,1208,1232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), or 24 (n=1) soft rays, all unbranched. Origin of anal-fin slightly posterior to anal opening. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted posterior to hemal spine of vertebra 17 (n=6,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FF93FAA5FFF8FAA3" box="[94,186,1336,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or 16 (n=1). Anal-fin continuous posteriorly with ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays, but two regions distinguishable by abruptly shorter procurrent rays, marked by clear indentation and by slightly more closely-positioned procurrent rays, when compared to more widely spaced anal-fin rays (fig. 1). Caudal-fin round (n=3,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FF22FA65FE09F9E3" box="[239,331,1528,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or symmetrically lanceolate (n=4), continuous dorsally and ventrally with procurrent rays. Procurrent caudal-fin rays more numerous dorsally (29-31) than ventrally (11-13). Principal caudal-fin rays 10 (n=4) or 11 (n=3,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FE3BF9E5FD16F963" box="[502,596,1656,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), all soft, 6 to 10 middle rays branched. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, principal caudal-fin rays, ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays and anal-fin rays joined as single extended fin. Vertebrae 52 (n=1) or 53 (n=6,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FF93F885FFFFF8C3" box="[94,189,1816,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Two (n=1) or three (n=6,
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FE2BF885FD00F8C3" box="[486,578,1816,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) pairs of pleural ribs, on vertebrae 7 and 8 or 6, 7 and 8, respectively. In
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FC85FF25FCE7FF23" box="[840,933,184,208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, anterior pleural rib (on vertebra 6) present on one side only. Last pair of pleural rib smaller than preceding ones, associated with hypertrophied parapophysis on vertebra 8. (
<figureCitation id="131C83A90828FF81FB45FE85FB81FEC3" box="[1160,1219,280,304]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[95,174,1827,1846]" captionTargetBox="[94,1228,1167,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-473@7.[94,1228,1167,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5: Phreatobius dracunculus, MZUSP 91680, paratype 38.1 mm SL. Radiograph of head and anterior portion of trunk, dorsoventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236180/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) Swimbladder occupying entire body width and reaching posterior limit of vertebra 8
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF81FC4CFE25FCB6FE23" blockId="3.[897,1012,440,464]" box="[897,1012,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FC4CFE25FCB6FE23" bold="true" box="[897,1012,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Coloration</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF81FD2CFE65FC14FBA3" blockId="3.[680,1229,504,1104]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
Live specimens are light pink, slightly darker alongside the vertebral column due to dorsal aorta (
<figureCitation id="131C83A90828FF81FD7DFDA5FDA8FDA3" box="[688,746,568,592]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[95,174,961,980]" captionTargetBox="[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1: Phreatobius dracunculus, Holotype, 36.0 mm SL; lateral view; dorsal view of body; and ventral view of live sedated specimen. Photo: L.M. Sousa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236172/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Numerous adipose bodies create a superficial iridescence especially evident on the middle and posterior portion of body. There is a large translucent area immediately posterior to head, corresponding to the pseudotympanus, forming a light collar seen in dorsal, lateral and ventral views in live specimens (
<figureCitation id="131C83A90828FF81FD7DFD65FDA8FCE3" box="[688,746,760,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[95,174,961,980]" captionTargetBox="[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[123,1200,170,924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1: Phreatobius dracunculus, Holotype, 36.0 mm SL; lateral view; dorsal view of body; and ventral view of live sedated specimen. Photo: L.M. Sousa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236172/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The fins are hyaline. In preserved specimens, the body is uniformly white, with no trace of dark pigmentation. The only coloration differences are muscle limits and some internal structures seen superficially by transparency. Freshly-preserved specimens have a large greenish blotch in the abdominal region, probably corresponding to the liver. That structure gradually turns brownish and fades after approximately eight months of preservation. A specimen kept for five months in aquarium showed no change in pigmentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF81FD65FBE5FC2EFAA3" blockId="3.[680,1229,1144,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FD65FBE5FC68FB63" box="[680,810,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known from type-locality. Although specimens collected were all from a single well, individuals of
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FCD5FB25FCD0FB23" box="[792,914,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF0828FF81FCD5FB25FCCCFB23" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1905" box="[792,910,1208,1232]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phreatobius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
probably
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FBCDFB24FBD6FB23" box="[1024,1172,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF0828FF81FBCDFB24FBCDFB23" box="[1024,1167,1208,1232]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">P. dracunculus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
were observed (by
<collectionCode id="ED3607E90828FF81FCFDFB45FC27FB03" box="[816,869,1240,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">JMC</collectionCode>
) swimming in two additional wells in the same area. Reports by locals indicate that the species probably occurs in at least another 12 of 20 wells in the region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF81FD65FAE5FC90F9E3" blockId="3.[680,1229,1400,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FD65FAE5FC56FA63" box="[680,788,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet,
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FC31FAE5FB3AFA63" box="[1020,1144,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF0828FF81FC31FAE5FB36FA63" box="[1020,1140,1400,1424]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">dracunculus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is from the Latin
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FCD8FA05FC12FA43" box="[789,848,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">draco,</emphasis>
meaning dragon, combined with a diminutive suffix
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FC96FA25FCF5FA23" box="[859,951,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">-unculus.</emphasis>
The name, a noun in apposition, is a reference to the color and general aspect of the body and fins of the fish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF81FCA8F9C5FB4DF983" blockId="3.[869,1039,1624,1648]" box="[869,1039,1624,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FCA8F9C5FB4DF983" bold="true" box="[869,1039,1624,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Ecological notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C0828FF86FD2CF905FDE7FEA3" blockId="3.[680,1229,1688,1872]" lastBlockId="4.[132,681,184,1488]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
The type locality is located just outside of the eastern limit of a conservation unit called Floresta Nacional Bom Futuro, created in 1988 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E2DD0828FF81FBFAF945FB83F903" author="Olmos, F. &amp; Queiroz Filho, A. P. &amp; Lisboa, C. A." box="[1079,1217,1752,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" refId="ref7674" refString="Olmos, F.; Queiroz Filho, A. P. &amp; Lisboa, C. A. 1998. Rondonia. SEPLAN / PLANAFLORO / PNDU. BRA / 94 / 007. As Unidades de Conservacao de Rondonia. Porto Velho, 94 p." type="book" year="1998">Olmos, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The stream closest to the
<typeStatus id="549C218E0828FF81FC6AF965FC91F8E3" box="[935,979,1784,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
locality is approximately
<quantity id="4CDF32C90828FF81FD65F885FDAEF8DC" box="[680,748,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
apart in straight line from the well where specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF0828FF81FCC1F8A4FCD5F8A3" box="[780,919,1848,1872]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">
<emphasis id="B953433E0828FF81FCC1F8A4FCD5F8A3" box="[780,919,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">P. dracunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected. That stream joins the Rio Branco approximately
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082FFF86FDDBFF25FD1BFF23" box="[534,601,184,208]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
downstream from the
<typeStatus id="549C218E082FFF86FEF9FF45FE22FF03" box="[308,352,216,240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">type</typeStatus>
locality. The annual mean pluviosity and temperature are
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082FFF86FE7BFF65FD60FEFC" box="[438,546,248,272]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.262" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="2.262">2.262 mm</quantity>
and 26.7°C respectively, according to the pluviometric station of Porto Velho, period of 1954 to 1993 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E2DD082FFF86FDCBFEA5FDDBFEA3" author="Bezerra, R. B." box="[518,665,312,336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" refId="ref7049" refString="Bezerra, R. B. 1996. Balanco hidrico em Porto Velho-RO, no periodo de 1954 a 1993. Atraves do metodo de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955). UNIR / Departamento de Geografia, Porto Velho, 83 p." type="book" year="1996">Bezerra, 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082FFF86FF70FEC5FE5BFC23" blockId="4.[132,681,184,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082FFF86FE82FEC4FE9EFE83" box="[335,476,344,368]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">
<emphasis id="B953433E082FFF86FE82FEC4FE9EFE83" box="[335,476,344,368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">P. dracunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in a recently opened hand-dug well intended for domestic use. According to owners, the well was excavated sometime in
<date id="FF99B9EC082FFF86FE9DFE25FEBDFE23" box="[336,511,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" value="2005-09">September 2005</date>
, and fish began to appear approximately ten days later, accidentally trapped in buckets used to extract water. The well is one meter in diameter and approximately five meters in depth. Water fills it up to
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082FFF86FE6EFDA5FEA2FDBC" box="[419,480,568,592]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
in the rainy season, but drops to ca.
<quantity id="4CDF32C9082FFF86FEE4FDC5FE10FD9C" box="[297,338,600,624]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
in the drought (fig 4a). The walls of the well have soft stones and gravel that release a red stain (fig. 4b). They are probably loose conglomerates of the canga
<typeStatus id="549C218E082FFF86FE9FFD25FE3CFD23" box="[338,382,696,720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">type</typeStatus>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E2DD082FFF86FDD9FD25FE10FD03" author="Muriel-Cunha, J. &amp; de Pinna, M." pageId="4" pageNumber="195" pagination="327 - 339" refId="ref7522" refString="Muriel-Cunha, J. &amp; de Pinna, M. 2005. New data on cistern catfish, Phreatobius cisternarum, from subterranean waters at the mouth of the Amazon river (Siluriformes, incertae sedis). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45 (26): 327 - 339." type="journal article" year="2005">Muriel-Cunha &amp; de Pinna (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, which are composed of ferruginous lateritic rocks widespread in the Amazon region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E2DD082FFF86FF41FC85FE4CFCC3" author="Costa, M. L." box="[140,270,792,816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" pagination="146 - 160" refId="ref7269" refString="Costa, M. L. 1991. Aspectos geologicos dos Lateritos da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, 21 (2): 146 - 160." type="journal article" year="1991">Costa, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The well water is clear but turns milky when disturbed, which is an indication that the bottom probably has a fine white clay locally known as “tabatinga”. Locals reported that similar fish had been seen sporadically in other wells in the region for the past five years.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B989F2C082FFF86FF70FC45FD5CFA23" blockId="4.[132,681,184,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">
<specimenCount id="9D2154A5082FFF86FF70FC45FE1EFC03" box="[189,348,984,1008]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
were kept live in aquaria, furnished with rocks from the well and without artificial aeration.
<specimenCount id="9D2154A5082FFF86FEDEFB85FEE8FBC3" box="[275,426,1048,1072]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
was preserved after one month in captivity and the second was kept alive for approximately three months. Fish stayed in apparent good health the entire period in captivity and showed a general behavior similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082FFF86FDD1FB04FDEBFB43" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1905" box="[540,681,1177,1200]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisternarum">
<emphasis id="B953433E082FFF86FDD1FB04FDEBFB43" box="[540,681,1177,1200]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">P. cisternarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E2DD082FFF86FEFFFB25FDE7FB23" author="Muriel-Cunha, J. &amp; de Pinna, M." box="[306,677,1208,1232]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" pagination="327 - 339" refId="ref7522" refString="Muriel-Cunha, J. &amp; de Pinna, M. 2005. New data on cistern catfish, Phreatobius cisternarum, from subterranean waters at the mouth of the Amazon river (Siluriformes, incertae sedis). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45 (26): 327 - 339." type="journal article" year="2005">Muriel-Cunha &amp; de Pinna (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. Compared to its sister species, however,
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082FFF86FDD1FB44FDEAFB03" box="[540,680,1240,1264]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">
<emphasis id="B953433E082FFF86FDD1FB44FDEAFB03" box="[540,680,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">P. dracunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens seemed more active overall, and spent more time exploring the bottom and middle portions of the water column. The food items in captivity were live earthworms (
<figureCitation id="131C83A9082FFF86FEDDFAC5FE1BFA83" box="[272,345,1368,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[132,211,1148,1167]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,470,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-118@6.[132,1266,470,1112]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3: A. Phreatobius dracunculus, MZUSP 93955, Holotype 36.0 mm SL eating live earthworm; B. MZUSP 93958, Paratype 31.2 mm SL in vertical position. Photos: E. Baena and J.M. Cunha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
), dried blood-worms and fresh dead adult
<emphasis id="B953433E082FFF86FF3BFAE5FE0CFA7C" box="[246,334,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082FFF86FF3BFAE5FE08FA7C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" box="[246,330,1400,1423]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Artemiidae" genus="Artemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Artemia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As with
<emphasis id="B953433E082FFF86FE6BFAE4FD7BFA63" box="[422,569,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082FFF86FE6BFAE4FD74FA63" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1905" box="[422,566,1401,1424]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cisternarum">P. cisternarum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
stress conditions temporarily induced a vertical body position in specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C27E4AF082FFF86FEE7FA24FEF4FA23" box="[298,438,1464,1488]" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Phreatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracunculus">
<emphasis id="B953433E082FFF86FEE7FA24FEF4FA23" box="[298,438,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">P. dracunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131C83A9082FFF86FE08FA25FD53FA23" box="[453,529,1464,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[132,211,1148,1167]" captionTargetBox="[132,1266,470,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-118@6.[132,1266,470,1112]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3: A. Phreatobius dracunculus, MZUSP 93955, Holotype 36.0 mm SL eating live earthworm; B. MZUSP 93958, Paratype 31.2 mm SL in vertical position. Photos: E. Baena and J.M. Cunha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13236176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13236176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink